Biology

hi all what is hERG inhibitor role for accepting or refusing a drug candidate? I mean it is better the drug candidate inhibit these two inhibitor or not? thanks in advance for your help

i know there are plenty of plants and fungi containing psychoactive compounds, and even a species of toad (i think), but are there any known insects which have psychoactive chemicals?

Hello im new in this forum because i got a question that is triggering me. As we all know, we must die one day. But what about the atoms and molecules? These are absorbed through various processes ? The question that comes up to me is: Would it be possible for our molecules and atoms to find each other in different ways to reassemble and how are the odds for this, so to speak and would there a way to describe this through physics or mathematics? What are the biological factors there? It should be possible to test this in a closed environment for decades? Just a theory I would like to hear your thoughts on it. Whenever i read something about reincarnation, the …

Sense perception, weather it is smelling,hearing, tasting, etc, how does the body know what to sense? For example, hot and cold, how does the body know what is hot and what is cold? How does it know the difference bewteen hot and cold in order to activate those specific sensory receptors for hot and receptors for cold? Another example is how does the tongue sense hot of a chemical instead of sensing cold? What mechanism separates the sensation from hot and cold so the tongue knows that chilli peppers are hot and not cold? Is there some type of information present in chemicals that tells the tongue it is either hot or cold? I hope my question …

Hii!! I would like to know if all macromolecules are considered organic, since I've been trying to search for the inorganic ones but nothing came up. A few examples were given such as rubber, polypropylene and polyethylene, which are synthetic and do contain carbon. It has led me to believe the term "inorganic" is not being used as it is, and it's actually referring to the synthetic macromolecules. I would be really grateful if someone could explain this to me. Thank you and sorry for my English!!Hope you're having a great day!!

Hello All. I have a question about CoronaVirus. I am not a biologist. Is it possible that Corona virus has several models?In some people it destroys the nerves, in others it destroys the bones of the soles of the feet, in others it destroys the lungs! Several versions of Corona with different RNAs may have attacked people at the same time!

Hi all, i am slightly perplexed by the weak mitogen ability of Insulin. I know Insulin plays an important role in blood regulation through the PI-3 Kinase Akt pathway, and that it activate the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway (or MAPK pathway) via Insulin receptors. If Insulin is able to induce the MAPK pathway, why is it such a weak mitogen as compared to Insulin-like Growth Factors ?

How did life (the earliest form of life) form on earth? What were the requirements? The chemicals need for it and the precise amount of heat energy etc. I'd highly appreciate anyone who answers this question. Thank you

Hello, everyone! A few weeks ago I had the idea that, contrary to my original thinking, the (relatively) slow burning of fossil fuels might be a good thing. The following is what got me thinking about that. What if one of the massive oil fields around the planet were to catch fire? Now, what if that happened to several at once? This got me thinking about mass extinction. Burning oil fields with no way to put them out would certainly begin to threaten life on the planet. I wondered if that had been considered for any of the previous mass extensions. Of course, as the internet has shown me over and over I'm almost certainly never the first to have any idea,…

Hello! I am looking for a virus genome. I need a genome that contains a small sequence. Are there viruses with small genomes already studied? What is the smallest genome? I need to make a virus at home. I do not want to waste time creating a virus with 10,000 sequences of code. I want to do something simpler. Perhaps I can cut off the existing virus code and thus get a simplified one. But I don’t know where to get the virus code at all. I saw only a couple of examples on the Internet. It is not known whether they are real or invented. I ask you to help me. Please give me the genetic code of the virus.

I am putting this topic here as it does not fit anywhere else. I have been puzzled over the few weeks, as a concerned citizen, why the number of deaths by COVID were not given as a proportion of total deaths. I went to the Official Government website Gov.UK and downloaded figures to compare the number of deaths attributed to coronavirus in relation to normal deaths for this period. This is not something, in the UK, that is mentioned by news outlets very often. Sky News can be renamed as Coronavirus Updates now because they have gone into the reporting of this awful viral infection 24/7. I wanted to check out relative figures of coronavirus infection…

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.unilad.co.uk/life/straight-people-dont-exist-finds-new-study/amp/ Recent studies show that the eyes dilate when people watch male and female porn in all men and women, regardless of their orientation, which indicates sexual arousal. It turns out all the bisexuals. But how are studies that say that sexual orientation is not a choice; Many factors influence sexual orientation, such as: genes, hormones, culture. Sexual orientation is very stable and is unlikely to change. Statistics say 90% of the heterosexual population. How can this be understood?

Anyone experienced with microbioreactors (bioreactors with up to 15 mL volume) who wouldn't mind chatting about your experience for 20-30 minutes?

When competing in video games it is very important to have fast reaction times and nimble fingers. I don't know that much about this topic but i was wondering whether body types affect gaming performance. For example, if one was playing on a mouse and keyboard with a very thin build. If they increased their muscle mass in their arms; would this decrease their reaction times and skill. My thought is that it would ruin muscle memory that was previously built. It would also take longer for the body's neurons to contract the arm muscles and move fingers in response to an event on the computer screen. I think that having a high muscle mass would cause the fingers to become les…

https://www.popsci.com/story/health/body-temperature-dropping-history/?linkId=80609907 The study suggests that the average "normal" or healthy human temperature has dropped over a couple of centuries. If it's true I'd guess the major contributing factors are nutrition and general cleanliness both resulting in less infectious activity for the immune system to deal with. Still, I wonder if evolution has hidden tricks up its sleeve. Could there be genetic "cycles" experienced through generations? I've heard some traits skip generations; twins, and the widow's peak, for example. In the case of immune response or cell metabolism, perhaps nature has found it u…

Has there ever been a study to confirm this? It seems similar to the ''nocebo'' effect. Your thoughts? ''There are a lot of stories floating around out there about people who experienced an injury in their dreams and then found real, physical evidence of the wound on their bodies once they awoke. For instance, some people have claimed to have been caught in a fire in their dreams and then woke up to find burn marks on their skin. Other common stories involve people being attacked during their dreams and then waking up to find scratch marks somewhere on their bodies. However, most of these stories are found in chat rooms or message boards, so it’s hard to corroborate if…

Hello! Does anybody have a protocol for degrading intracellular macromolecules (proteins, lipids, glycogen) to its monomers? Any information would be greatly appreciated.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/sleeping-brain-waves-draw-a-healthy-bath-for-neurons-20191216/

I'm currently building a microbial fuel cell as a biosensor ( more bacteria = more current) experiment. I'm using algae as the substrate, but I can't seem to find a suitable biocatalyst at biosafety level 1. It would be useful if I could get some advice ASAP. Thanks! I can only get things which I can order from Carolina.

Hello! Can one quantify primary metabolites in microbial biomass by measuring amino acids (for quantifying proteins), free fatty acids (lipids), glucose (glycogen), ribose (RNK)? Thanks, Mariia

Time and time again, some part of the world's forests are on fire. I've discussed in this thread the notion of a network of water pipes above the forest, and I've been told it's unfeasible. I'm not sure if that has changed, but in the meantime, I intend to focus on the other options. A. Would increased logging of temperate forests significantly reduce the amount of combustible material in the long run? I've heard it temporarily increases it before decreasing it; why is that? (I would assume they'd find use for the wood, if not by incentivizing paper use as an alternative to other materials, then by incentivizing ) B. What if they created a large cr…

Hi all I have been intrigued recently by epigenetics which allows for beneficial changes to happen deliberately in a parent individual. Now I am not interested in the changed or turned on or off genes I am only interested in how these genes are instructed to be altered by a living parent without the need for any random mutation? So anyone know?

It's my understanding that through the process of class switch recombination, loci fragments are lost in the plasma cell's genome. Does this mean that reversion to a prior isotype cannot be achieved and that isotype switching is always a linear progression within the differentiated cell? "While class switch recombination is mostly a deletional process, rearranging a chromosome in "cis", it can also occur (in 10 to 20% of cases, depending upon the Ig class) as an inter-chromosomal translocation mixing immunoglobulin heavy chain genes from both alleles." (https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Immunoglobulin_class_switching) I further understand that the deleti…

I found the answer, and it is no.

Hello When antibodies are floating, they do not trigger any immune reaction. However, when an antigen is bound to the antibody, then the resulting complex activates immune reactions. How exactly these complexes trigger immune reactions? I think it is via their Fc fragment but what is the difference between a free antibody and an antibody with antigen bounded, so that the one does not trigger immune responses while the other does? Thanks!