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Lol...

Salute to 2020 Ice Cream Flavour:

You assume too much. Shi'a and Sunni Muslims disagree about 'the roots': Who are the rightful heirs of Mohammed, and whether Al Bukhari was right about him and his doings, and probably many more things. I'm sure you know much more about it than most of us here do. It's a 'sources' problem (both about the authenticity of books and/or translations, and about the line of authority) very much like what was for Christians several hundred years ago in Europe between the many Protestant offshoots, and Catholics, and Jews. That led to unimaginable bloodshed between Christians and Jews. We know. Actually, we know much better than you guys do. We've killed each other, we've hated each other for so many more years. Most of us seem to have taken home the lesson. You, unfortunately, haven't. That's a very big part of the problem, guys. A part of your community seems unable to take home some lessons from your brethren religions that are much older than yours. Jewish and Christians being at each other's throats for centuries. You're still obsessed with a couple of lines in a several-centuries-old book. That's, allow me to say, pathetic. Both in the most ludicrous sense, and in the most tragic one. Take a look at Mandaeans, Yasidis, etc., and how they've become victims of unspeakable violence in recent years in the Middle East, just because they follow the rituals that their ancestors did. Probably with the same amount of doubt that you do yours. But also take a look at how some Muslims brothers die at the hands of each other because of a difference of opinion. And ask yourself: Is the interpretation of some lines on an ancient book worth the suffering that we see in the world? The suffering of a child is not worth ten thousand lines of a holy book.

The connection comes from the Robertson version of the uncertainty relations. The one you can find on Wikipedia is the Robertson-Schrödinger version. I will give you a proof of the Robertson version which does not involve the anti-commutator. Say you have any two operators \( A \) and \( B \), which in general do not commute. Say your system is in a pure quantum state \( \left|\psi\right\rangle \). The mean square deviation is defined as, \[\left(\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }A\right)^{2}=\left\langle A^{2}\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }-\left\langle A\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }^{2}=\left\langle \psi\left|A^{2}\right|\psi\right\rangle -\left\langle \psi\left|A\right|\psi\right\rangle ^{2}\] and similarly for \( B \). Now define operators \( A' \) and \( B' \) centred on their respective average values: \[A'=A-\left\langle A\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }\] \[B'=B-\left\langle B\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }\] It's easy to see that, \[\left[A',B'\right]=\left[A,B\right]\] Now you formally build the 1-parameter family of operators: \[C=A'+i\lambda B'\] This operator is not Hermitian, but it is always true that, \[\left\Vert C\left|\psi\right\rangle \right\Vert ^{2}=\left\langle \psi\left|C^{\dagger}C\right|\psi\right\rangle \geq0\] This gives you a polynomial condition in \( \lambda \): \[\left(\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }A\right)^{2}+\left(\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }B\right)^{2}\lambda^{2}+i\lambda\left\langle \left[A,B\right]\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }\geq0\] If this polynomial must always be above the real axis, the discriminant must be negative or zero: \[\left(\left\langle i\left[A,B\right]\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }\right)^{2}-4\left(\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }A\right)^{2}\left(\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }B\right)^{2}\leq0\] Keep in mind that if \( A \) and \( B \) are Hermitian, so is \( i\left[A,B\right] \). This immediately gives you the Robertson version of the uncertainty relations for arbitrary operators \( A \) and \( B \): \[\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }A\triangle_{\left|\psi\right\rangle }B\geq\left|\left\langle \frac{i}{2}\left[A,B\right]\right\rangle _{\left|\psi\right\rangle }\right|\] So when two operators do not commute, you cannot define "dispersions" or "precisions" (mean square deviations) better than those given by the above. I hope that helped. It's the simplest demonstration I know of the more general Robertson version for arbitrary operators.

That sounds even more stupid than my idea. Sorry pal. Please let the pro's give their opinion.

You just called all the prophets fools. I agree with that assessment, but I imagine you didn't mean to do it.

Thanks for explaining!

Charles 3781 has not only made no effort to improve their post quality while in the mod queue, they have decided to troll the mods. They have chosen...poorly.

Yusef, this is a scientific forum for quantum physicists and scientists from other disciplines... Mostly natural science and computer science disciplines.. ...if you would come here and e.g. ask about the difference between pi-meson and phi-meson, that would be example of serious, interesting, fruitful, discussion... appropriate to the level of knowledge of members of this forum.. But you have no idea what is pi-meson, nor phi-meson, never heard about them, and how to create them.. You have no idea that they pass through your body every day either.. and what is their connection with cancer.. ..and then you hear from the doctor "You have cancer!".. your's response is "God's will!"... If you would be smart enough, and learned quantum physics, you would know how cancer is created in human body, and you would not have to mis-refer to "God's will causing your cancer".. Iran has program to create nuclear weapons. Therefor you are cut off from knowledge and contacts with western scientists.. Therefor there is high probability that you will contaminate Iranian lands with waste from nuclear weapon tests and the number of people having cancers will significantly increase (after decades after tests!).. You (i.e. Iranian people) will say "God's will that I have cancer". When the truth will be that you got cancers because of nuclear contamination caused by your political leaders decisions made decades earlier.. The political leaders of the USA and the USSR contaminated their lands and their citizens.. even on purpose, not pure incompetence.. e.g. ordering soldiers to be in area close to test explosion.. to later measure effects of contamination during dozen of years of their remaining life..

D Trump is a bad example to use. He would have ran as a Democrat if they would have had him. And Republicans were dumb enough to take him. His political party is 'Self Serving Opportunist'.

My feelings exactly. The average inter-species behaviour in this planet is trying to either outwit or outrun your predator or your prey. Other interesting possibilities are host-parasite, pet-master...

There seems to be a bit of a mix-up. Big Rip Cosmology was mot modelled by R Penrose. Conformal Cyclic Cosmology was, and it also makes use of particle decay. "The conformal cyclic cosmology hypothesis requires that all massive particles eventually vanish from existence, including those which become too widely separated from all other particles to annihilate with them. As Penrose points out, proton decay is a possibility contemplated in various speculative extensions of the Standard Model, but it has never been observed. Moreover, all electrons must also decay, or lose their charge and/or mass, and no conventional speculations allow for this. " From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_cyclic_cosmology

The closest, Hipparcos 43587, is about 41 light years away, so we still have a number of years before the aliens come and eat us.

"Yes, Minister"

The Markov model linked isn't trying to extract intent, i think it's predicting the next word in a sequence given an input word, based on a state space that contains emission probabilities for word pairs. It then uses that output as the input to predict the next word until a termination is paired with an input word. Intent is how humans parse such information, there's no reason an algorithm needs to parse words in the same way (and still give intelligible results). If you want state of the art natural language processing check out GPT-3. It's a neural network based on an autoregressive model (so that it can take into account a number of previous words rather than just one), but i believe it still just predicts the next word sequentially.

That is a large, complicated and very interesting question. Answering the question would require many pages, I'll have to provide something short that allows for a discussion. There are indeed at least indirect connections between Markov and intents that I did not think of initially; Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Is that what you are looking for? HMM may be used for getting part of speech and/or named entities and then find the user intent. Personally I would probably look into models based on neural network but in this case that is not an option:

You should be well aware by now, after months spend on writing Python, how to solve such basic issues.. Simply enter error or warning message in e.g. Google search engine.. e.g. https://www.google.com/search?q=NameError%3A+name+'raw_input'+is+not+defined and we see the list of people who had exactly the same issue as you in the past. Write it down: use Google search engine. That's what programmers do all day long. Immediately you have answers, without having to wait until somebody will answer your question on the forum here.

Is this a joke, because I haven't heard this one. I don't know, what happens? Edited: Wait! I got it, a group of zealots break through the door and yell, "No one expects the Spanish Inquisition!"

The issue is that there are no simple answers in science (for the most part). Take a look at the abstract of the article: So what can you learn from there? First, chest beating is observed in the wild, at least indicating that it is not an artifact of captivity (e.g. by gorillas observing visitors and then imitating them). However, does it mean that it is genetic? Not necessarily, they could learn it in the context of the what the signals mean to them (same with hand clapping). The fact that kids use it in different contexts (mostly while playing) could indicate that they learn the meaning over time. Similarly, the fact that there is a gender difference in use among adults, also might mean that they learn and use it.

It may seem linear, but when you think you're drawing from relevant sources you've been accumulating since birth. You choose the knowledge you need to apply to a situation from a large range of information you've previously put together from selected data. It's like your box of tools to deal with a particular problem. If you need to fix yourself something to eat, you're going to think of just those things you need to make it happen, and select the ones that will successfully turn your thoughts into action. As you gain more experience, your knowledge is broader and deeper, so the information you're able to draw from is richer as well. It's pretty amazing, really. The moment you feel hungry, your mind starts grabbing all the knowledge available to you, including your current preferences and available resources. You fill your tool box with what you need (no money but stuff in the fridge to make an omelet, grab a pan and a bowl and a spoon, turn on the stove, get the bacon, etc), and don't bother with anything else (you didn't grab the cat brush, or start your car, or check to see if you have any blue paint). Change the parameters of the situation, and your thinking is going to change as well (hungry roommates need food too, or the eggs went bad, or you find a bunch of money). It's a lot more than going from a to b to c to d.

When you arrive at point C, you will see the same light coming from both stars as someone who never moved from point C; Light that left both stars 5 yrs ago. You see both stars as they were 5 yrs ago.

Wow they are cool AF, thanks for writing that down... Google: "While strangely cute, these tiny animals are almost indestructible and can even survive in outer space"

Yeah that is basically it. Two American academics came up with some new idea for his phd and then has to defend it. What is so special about these non-deterministic machines when my normal computer does everything I want? The question is there precisely because he didn't have a proper answer to that and nobody else seems to either even after offering a million dollars it. Heck he even went so far as to say if we prove the wrong thing we break banking security. Which is ridiculous really even if one or two encryption algorithms such as RSA won't work anymore there are other ways banks use to secure your data such as passwords and multi-factor authentication. It doesn't actually say that. There are plenty of hard problems that simply aren't in NP computing a factorial being an example. We are always looking for ways to make computers faster, more ram, better CPU etc. Why? because it is worth big money, forget about the fact that it is a stupid question and think about what better algorithms mean for people. Some guy comes up with a faster algorithm for drawing light to a screen and now we have new graphics cards that are worth billions to the companies that develop them advertising "ray tracing". Lots of computing stuff is just opposite to how we actually think. The guys who have a vested interest in wanting P!=NP say it isn't and the guys who don't care either way such as Donald Knuth say P=NP. Bear in mind Donald Knuth literally wrote the book on computer programming.

NO PATHOGEN LIVES IN ALKALINE OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENT. ALL ILLNESS IS ANAEROBIC (lives in low oxygen acidic environment). NO PATHOGEN EXTERNALLY CAN MAKE YOU SICK INTERNALLY. THAT`S PHARMACEUTICAL PROPAGANDA. *ALL* "DISEASE" IS INTERNALLY CREATED. THE BODY IS ALKALINE BY DESIGN ACIDIC BY FUNCTION. PLANTS THE MAJORITY ARE ALKALINE, OXYGEN IS ALKALINE, THE OCEAN IS ALKALINE, WATER IS ALKALINE. IF ITS ALKALINE ITS HEALTHY, IF ITS ACIDIC ITS CORROSIVE, RUST, DECOMPOSING, DEGENERATING. THE CAUSE OF ALL ILLNESS IS DUE TO AN ACIDIC DIET / DRINK AND LIFESTYLE. ACIDOSIS AFFECTS EVERYTHING FROM THE BEATINGS OF THE HEART TO THE NEUROFUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN. THERE IS NO CORONA VIRUS. THE FEDERAL RESERVE IS BROKE AND IN DEBT FOR 1 BILLION DOLLARS, NOW ITS 4 BILLION DOLLARS AFTER THE RESET. CURRENTLY THE CENTRAL BANKS ARE NOW BUFFERING THEIR ECONOMIES AND MARKETPLACES WITH DIGITAL CURRENCY TO PRETEND THAT EVERYTHING IS "OK". LONG STORY SHORT, THEY-ARE-BROKE. NOW CHINA WAS NOT AFFECTED, BECAUSE THEIR CURRENCY IS THE YEN, WHICH IS THEIR OWN SELF CREATED CURRENCY. IF YOU DO NOT OPERATE YOUR BUSINESSES, YOU ARE HELPING THE BANKS TO BAIL THEM OUT. THE WORLDS DEBT IN THE FUTURE WILL BE PAYED OFF BY YOU, THROUGH TAXES AND WORK. AND THE DEBT IS BIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIG. YOU ARE ALL BRAINWASHED. THE CORONA VIRUS IS A CARTOON ON TV. YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND BASIC 101 BIOLOGY = ACID / ALKALINE.

A little bit wrong. Space-time repels both matter and itself. Matter attracts both matter and space-time, or holds space-time around it. In other words, the mass of matter is positive, and space-time mass is negative.