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Do you mean that because, in this case, it has no free will, in normal circumstance it does? @ others: I can’t moderate in this thread but there is no reason to suddenly get irrational and offensive just because someone mentions the “R word”. Grow up

This sounds like the poisoned drinks problem. Unfortunately it won't work here. In the idealised case where we there is say, exactly 1 in every 100 people infected then it could apply. But for every 100 hundred people we take there is no guarantee of the number of infected people. Sometimes there are none. Most times there will be one. Occasionally there will be 10. It is a random variable itself. Also, the tests themselves have a number of false positives and false negatives which will likely be significant.

Quarks have the same status within the Standard Model as all the other fundamental building blocks - whether you detect them with particle-like properties or with wave-like properties depends solely on your experimental setup. This is not an ontological question (the nature of the entity is either one or the other, or both, or neither), but an epistemological one - what can the experimenter know about the system in question? What information about the system is made available through a specific, given setup? So essentially, whether something appears as a wave or a particle is more an expression of the relationship between the quantum system and the observer, than it is a statement of the nature of the entity itself. This is true for all of the particles within the Standard Model.

Iirc the Spanish flu put the immune system on overdrive, resulting in massive inflammation, which caused damages. Personally, I think with Covid-19 the issue is less about immune responses alone, but comorbidities. Preexisting conditions are highly correlated with worse outcomes and my guess is that those in conjunction with Covid-19 mediated lung damages are what is causing the fatalities. I.e.younger folks with those issues might also be vulnerable.

Thank you all. It's cool to be able to speak with experts.

Finally realised that the key word was "proton source" and found this explanation: https://home.cern/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex More detail here: https://www.lhc-closer.es/taking_a_closer_look_at_lhc/0.proton_source And even more here: https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/IPAC2011/papers/thps025.pdf

Strange’s supposition is correct - a large electric field will do it. Provided by a potential difference of at least 13.6V (in practice, much larger) since that’s the ionization energy. Photons will do it, but the optics for >13.6 eV photons are hard to work with. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/field-ionization “Field ionization (FI) is the ionization of a gaseous molecule by an intense electric field, usually created by a sharp electrode at a high potential.”

It's called ionisation and can happen with suitable radiation, or in solution. However in solution, They quickly attach to another species.

True. I have not tested an interactive session with google but google draw is good for creating and sharing pictures with symbols and/or hand writings. @André Delmont here is a link to a guide "Teaching Math with Google Drawings". There are examples and templates for creating hand-in material or slides for teachers. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1URZeW53_ieN0BY6PNpNyp67QCdHA7-98rDis6BHWLHM It focuses most on geometry but I think it may be useful for evaluating if the google tools are useful in your situation.

In my opinion decrease of working hours of malls will extend queues and crowds inside of shops and increase chance of getting an infection.. People should concentrate only on the most, absolutely the most important items to limit time spend in crowd. Grocery shop owners could make just a couple standards of bags with groceries. It could be easily automated. If client goes to McD or BK does not tell staff how to prepare his or her burger. Receives single standard one from the menu. Result is quick visit and go.

I hope they're considering these questions, and keeping the workers in mind. Wal-Mart is notoriously anti-labor. Their workers already live close to or below the poverty line, and so extended unpaid leave is going to break most of them. Wal-Mart isn't concerned about that, of course. Starbucks is offering paid leave to all employees, displaying a shred of decency for once.

This is the basic idea for attenuated vaccines. However, ascertaining how is not trivial. That is unclear. If the dosage is too low it may not result in disease, but may also not trigger immune responses. Again, same idea for attenuated vaccines, but without studying what levels of inactivation and required dosages, it is rather risky (or useless). You can think in terms of inactivation. If you destroy their structure they become ineffective. As discussed before, cold is a not a specific disease and given the wide range of viruses causing such mild symptoms there was little incentive to develop a vaccine for each of these viruses. However, there have been work on SARS and from what I remember it was difficult but they were close. But funding effectively dried up as outbreaks were small and there was no sufficient economic incentives, I imagine. Any level of immunization as well as immune population reduces the transmission rate. Even if no perfect herd immunity is achieved it would make other measures (such as contact tracing) more effective.

You sample an early patient. You sample a later patient. You compare them. You see how much it’s mutated. You do the same for flu. You see if covid mutates as quickly as flu. How is this a question for you? Depends on human behavior

You can configure your editor to use only spaces (and, in most cases, to convert existing tabs to spaces)

In python you must use either tabs or spaces for indentation not both. It is an annoying feature of python if you are using notepad++ you can "view>show symbol>show white space and tabs"

Then you should’ve PM’d him, but you didn’t. You entered open discourse here which means your ideas will be scrutinized and picked apart by members just like any other. LOL. I recommend you dial it back a bit and focus more on making better arguments than on making personal attacks on the people who dissect them.

You are ASSUMING free will exists. Your example does nothing to PROVE it. You can make the same argument without the parasite even being present by simply saying that by running away from the cat, the rat exhibits free will. The parasite example is an example of the lack of free will, not the other way around. Proof of activity "X" does not simultaneously prove the opposite of activity "X".

So if I make you give me your money at the point of a gun, that is an example of free will? Wouldn't you refusing to give me your money at the risk of being shot, be a better example?

A parasite making the rat do something is not an example of free will on the part of the rat. It's that simple.

Yeah. Put more simply, it reads like this: “I can voluntarily choose to avoid vomiting whenever I want to and no matter how sick I get. For example, every time I take epicac I puke.” Derp. Wtf

I was thinking the same thing as I read the post. At least if the cat had run away while infected with the parasite, or if the cat had stayed while free of the parasite, it would have been an example that might indicate a free will.

Unless you’re citing the Bible as evidence of human gullibility, willingness to accept as true internally inconsistent and contradictory messages, or the idea that popular fictions existed even thousands of years ago, then no. It’s not the type of “evidence” that belongs anywhere near a scientific discussion. Unless you’re saying humans would be somehow immune to this type of parasite, then this example actually speaks to the absence of free will, not the existence of it. It’s directly counter to the conclusion at which you’ve arrived for seemingly religious reasons.

It’s less common now than before, but what about all those people who cannot go online to order, or who don’t have credit cards? You’re making groceries totally unavailable to a sizable group of people by suggesting this approach

Nice acting you do. Here's some advice. The next time you want to belittle someone's genuine opinions when they sought to help OP who seemed to be having an existential crisis, do not come across as an arrogant, self righteous know it all. Don't "all the best" me with your fake self. Humble your arrogant ass self.

Last I checked, it was sunny and you're with your kids. What business do you have writing to me now? And here's the last message you get. I'm deleting my account with this useless, worthless site full of pompous arrogant pseudointellectuals like yourself who want to belittle the opinions of others who come from a perspective of faith, who have genuine interest in helping others, all because you think you're "smarter than thou". Please, take a seat. Your knowledge came from your teachers who settled to get paid $15/hour to support their families if it means feeding minds like yours bullshit theory after another bullshit theory. And you'd believe it. But come to the idea of God, and everybody wants to act like we're talking about santa claus. I'm done disrespecting myself by entertaining this bullshit argument with you. I call you out on your lack of civility. Now you want to wear a mask and fake being civil. Get out of here

I am not a scientist. I'm a drop out ... but a creative , musician and thinker. Recently I have been thinking of the damage caused to the planet since the start of the industrial revolution and have been pondering on why in this day and age governments have not put a stop to it. Parallel to this I have always been interested by the thought of space, and in particular the mars rovers and the possibility of man one day being able to "venture where no man has before". These coinciding thoughts have previosly never gelled until I started looking into Mars atmosphere and rad (radiation) levels. We of course cannot survive in the conditions of another planet in our current state. We would be unable to breath and survive. Take Mars for example, it has over twice the radiation that astronauts face on the international space station 5x what we experience, is over 96% carbon dioxide , some argon, a bit of nitrogen , hydrogen , oxygen and funnily enough water vapour. Since the start of the industrial revolution our atmosphere has changed somewhat eg fumes from industry, cars , trains, airplanes, radiation from microwaves, mobile phone masts. And every year the become stronger and more potent. This undoubtedly isn't healthy unless we adapt and evolve. Which is something that humans as a species are very good at. I'll tell you what I would do if I thought I'd have to leave one day . I'd start upping the radiation levels every couple of years through progression in cellular technology. Cut down the trees so there is far less carbon dioxide converted, start burning copious amounts of fuel releasing carbon monoxide and raising the temperature of the planet melting ice and eventually causing higher levels of evaporation causing more water vapour in the atmosphere. We already have low levels of hydrogen, nitrogen and the argon levels here are just under half that on Mars. If you can do all that and still be here ... your one step closer to being able to jump ship. As I stated at the beginning I have never studied the chemistry, physics or biology relating to this topic or extensively looked into how possible this "theory" may be so please dont hate. I just thought I would bring it to the people who know more than I do

My message is for OP. Not you. Keep your attitude to a zero or don't bother messaging me with your disgusting self. You're superior to no one for you to go on typing on a keyboard like you have all the answers. I'm giving my input and perspective to OP. Allow me to do that without you coming at me like a disgusting, attitude filled narcissistic pretentious know it all. The fact that there is absence of free will, means there is free will to begin with. Try to use common sense and not a whole bunch of words you learned from your writing class that you want to throw at me, okay? Okay. That doesn't even make sense. Who in their right mind would even want to put themselves into harm's way? Inherently, we want to do the right thing, the thing healthiest for us, be at peace and in harmony with other beings. Why would anyone willingly choose some disaster to befall them? Clearly it was the neuroparasite manipulating the rat's will to do itself any good, by forcing it to go into a situation where it would do itself harm (get killed, get eaten). Its free will is being affected. Its will is being imposed upon by the will of another. That is the whole point.