Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

I've long been curious about what pain actually is. Yea, I know physical pain is caused by nerves sending pain signals to the brain in response to tissue damage, etc. But once it gets to the brain, what is it? In other words, how does animate matter manage to torture itself such that the being that is the emergent phenomenon created by the magic loom feel agony (for a good purpose)? Maybe I should take this to the philosophy section. Any ideas?

Hey guys. I hope this is the right place for it, a more academic question that demands experts to answer. The poison from Aconitum napellus (Monkshood/Wolfsbane) has found it´s way into my notes form a pharmacology training. However, details are hard to come by, and for a Biologist rather than a Medic hard to verify. To study the clinical picture of the poisoning I gained access to the publications in the bottom of this post. A few questions remain for me that I hoped you might help with. Aconite prolongs the opening phase of Na+-channels, although I don´t know about subtype sicificity. This would be why Class 1 antiarrhythmics seem to be most potent here, altho…

lately ive been watching quite a few you tube vids about the brain. i find it fascinating. but theres a few things i wonder and cant seem to find answer on google. are brain neurons the same as the neurons in the rest of the body? or are they slightly different? how? any vid you can point me to. what does a neuron "actually" look like. i cant find any "photos" of them only diagrams and animations ect. every pic i find of them has them as 'like a tree'. so theres the trunk and all the branches. but what about all the space between the branches? what is there? surely inside the brain cant be mostly space as depicted by every picture i can f…

Hi! New here and desperately looking for some help. Hoping someone can shed some light on this for me. I am currently caring for a young lady in her 20's with severe PICA. She recently injured for forearm, leaving her with a fairly large wound close to the wrist. Here is my issue. The wound formed a scab, she picked it and ate it. This caused the wound to open obviously. I covered the wound with a large bandage, she ate that too and had to have it surgically removed. I tried a liquid type bandage but that caused itching so she scratched herself bloody again. She has 2 people with her 24/7 to keep her safe and this mostly happens while she is …

Hi everyone, So I have a bit of a special question: I just finished watching a series named 'La Casa de Papel' and at the end of the series one of the main characters is shot near her left arm. The fragment can be studied by watching the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mgigVAM8yc I'm wondering which artery is damaged here (since blood is 'spurting' out of the wound, it must have been an artery). I am about to start medical school very soon and I'm currently focusing on vascular anatomy. I thought it could have been the arteria axilaris sinistra or the arteria subclavia sinistra. If so, what would be the chances of surival? The reason I…

So I slept recently on the back of my smartphone which was lying on my pillow and woke to a number of noises in my left ear all data sounds I can hear all the noises directly behind my eardrum none are in the brain - I’ve looked up and seen that the temporal bone can absorb radio waves and humans can hear audible buzzes clicks etc that mimic tinnitus as do these noises (Tinnitus can’t be plugged but if I plug my ear I can remove some of the noises) but these noises aren’t coming from the temporal bone area above the ear they are directly behind the ear drum - worse still I recently bit down on a piece of allimnium foil by accident which not only sparked a galvanic reactio…

Granted this study is from 2008, and there were no further investigations, I've received some flak from my pseudoscience friends for not giving credit to the findings. The story explains how bioengineer, Tom Skalak at University of VA may have discovered how magnets may reduce swelling. At first I immediately assumed quackery, but through reading the study I can't explain any mechanisms against the findings or find anything inherently wrong with the study. I can't see magnet therapy being a serious medical treatment. It's concerning, especially for pro-magnet therapy quacks using this to solidify their position. Study: https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/…

Hey guys! SO, I'm embarking on a journey to do research on how to do a whole eyeball transplant. I sound crazy, but I'm supposed to do this-I feel it in my soul.That being said, I do have a few ideas but I just need help from the medical/science community. Let me know what you think, or if you've got any ideas!

new science proving there is no such thing as emotion. She goes on to say there is no such thing as emotion. She also say when we see emotion this is not emotion but a learnt behavior. Does this mean there is no such thing as emotional disorders than? You aren't at the mercy of your emotions -- your brain creates them | Lisa Feldman Barrett

According to many sources, the ultimate compression strength of human femurs along its long axis (vertically) is 205 mpa or 29700 psi. I tried to convert 205 mpa to kg/cm² and the result is 205 mpa is equal to 2090.41824 kg/cm². So, I think the maximum weight that a human femur can support vertically before breaking is 2 tonnes. Isn't it? But with different method of calculation, I got a drastically different answer. The maximum diameter of human femurs is 3 cm and some exceeded 3 cm by 5 mm or more especially in weightlifters. So I followed this calculation from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/bodyphysics/chapter/stress-and-strain-on-the-body/. First we divide the…

Hi, I know that the vitamin biotin (B7) improves hair growth. What I wonder is why is this? One website states the following: ""The biotin you consume in foods helps your body to turn the food you eat (protein, carbohydrates, and fat) into energy.". How does it make the hair grow faster then?

Hi, There is a growing phase of hair that is geneticly decided, however you can do things to make this phase last longer. It may be 7 years for one individual for example. In dreadlocks the hair that fall off (also an phase) will get stuck in the dreads and accumulate. Dreadlocks also grows lenght slower since the hair doesn't grow straight. Let's say your hairs growing phase last 7 years and you have saved for 4 years, then you want to get dreads. Will the dreads not be so long then?, because the dreads will first shrink and then after about 1 year start to grow for 2 years, or will the dreads get really long, like to the butt (or will it continue grow forever?), be…

Hello. I'd like your opinion on an unusual topic that's been weighing heavily on my mind. My concern is that our consciousness dies in our sleep and is replaced by a "copy". At first, I thought that couldn't be the case due to dreams and brain waves that are recorded during sleep studies. But then I read further and the argument is brain activity is not enough evidence for consciousness to continue while we sleep and that dreams could just be memories with the illusion of consciousness when we awaken. So the question is, are brainwaves and dreams proof that our consciousness doesn't die during sleep?

Some relatively serious sources similar to wikipedia and others claim there exist a microwave auditory effect also known as a Frey effect which causes an auditory "hallucinations" in humans on 300 MHz - 3 GHz frequencies. However, what seem strange to me, is that I never in my life ever read or heard it would become a subject of a jokes or hooliganity in any country. In our time it should be very easily to acquire or slightly modify a radio transmitter even for poor people who live in a poor countries. Then such a device (which is capable to cause an auditory effects) should become a one of the most common toy device of all the hooligans on the planet. Try to imagine what…

Hello! Is the blood supply to an organ done exclusively by one (or more) distinct arteries or there is extensive collateral supply from different arteries? For example, is lungs' circulation only from bronchial and pulmonary arteries/veins or there is collateral blood circulation as well from other arteries? Any examples? Let's say you want to completely block blood supply to prostate. If you block completely the prostate artery, do you achieve that? Or blood from different arteries will supply the organ? Or the same with a specific bone or with lungs or with bowel. In other words, do we know which arteries supply which organ/area and are these speci…

Hi, I wonder how some competitive eaters, like Matt Stonie for example, can be so skinny even though they eat so much. I understand that their bodies can't process all the food they eat so they will have to go to the toilet, but shouldn't a lot of calories still be processed and stored in the body? Where does the limit go for how much calories can be used in the body and how much the body can't handle? I understand that this does not just have to do with how many calories is being consumed, but a lot of other factors like how big the stomach is.

I read that when external jugular vein is cut it leads to air embolism, unless the deep fascia pierced by the vein is also cut to collapse the vein. I don't understand the reason behind it if any body cud explain...…..

Hi, Will Brain-Computer interfaces allow us to achieve full dive VR? E.g. neuralink.

Hi, I am in the psychological field and Im looking for others to cooperate with in research about Autism. Someone here might be interested?

I have done alot of research trying to understand this condition since I was diagnosed as an adult with ASD and 6 other learning disabilities over a year ago. i have two questions that pertain to memory, problem solving and communication. Some basic information about me that may illuminate the reason for my questions but feel free to skip past the ** block of text to the questions. **I am unable to communicate complex information to other people who are not extremely well versed in the topic area if i do not possess an extremely thorough understanding of the topic. Even if i do posses a very deep understanding of a topic it may take me several try's to exp…

By what mechanism do cough drops work...or don't they? Sucking on a cough drop and swallowing the product, it goes down the esophagus which leads to the stomach, but it seems to me the cough is located in the the trachea which leads to the lungs and no liquid normally goes down there. Therefore, how can sucking on a cough drop have any effect on the irradiation in the trachea where the irritation that causes coughs originate. Are the fumes from the medicated (or unmedicated) cough drops inhaled and as such deliver some soothing vapor, or are cough drops a placebo plain and simple?

As per my knowledge, cancer disease is not curable in advanced stage. But it is curable if detected in first or preliminary stage. Treatments like chemotherapy, stem cells transplant can help in this regard. Do you feel or are you optimistic that there will be cure for cancer disease even in advanced stage? Thanks & Regards, Prashant S Akerkar

This Freaky thing had been happening to me, everyday for a couple months now. It's just bothersome, not painful at all. When I open my eyes upon waking.. things are completely out of proportion! For example: My husband can be talking to me... He looks about 1 foot tall. My door to my room is huge, and the round clock on the wall next to the door.. Looks about the size of a compass. (I say this because I thought it was, once) I blink a couple times and I'm fine. I've gotten so use to this, so much, I'm now studying it!! I wake and keep my eyes open as long as I can, to view what I'm seeing. And play the game..."What is it"... It always takes a few se…

Hi, I've read that the grow phase of hair (anagen phase) can last about 7 years and that the hair grows about 0.5 inches per month (depending on each person). World record is about 6.3 meters. How did he get so long hair then?

So I've had this "ability" to make my body, especially legs and hands, to have this weird tingling/electrified feeling at will. It is a rather pleasant feeling, and the longer I "hold" it, the more intense it gets. I can feel myself taking deeper breaths while experiencing it and also a raise in heart rate. I would say it gets the most intense in feet, and least in upper body and head. It feels like actual heath in the part of body I'm feeling it. I've had it as long as I can remember but never really thought about it or tried it that much, but today I started thinking about it, googled it and found out several other people trying to explain the same feeling, however…