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I get five litre quantities of White Vinegar (5% Acetic acid) in HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) containers and have been assured their stability for up to one year. While this is comforting, it's also not an issue as I will go through that allowance in around a single months domestic use. I would however, like to have a more practical management system and am looking into using a drinks dispenser: http://www.kilnerjar.co.uk/index.php/kilner-range/drinking.html?p=1 This container is mostly comprised of glass, and in a size that I can keep everything in one place, as now. With a tap at the bottom I avoid miss-pouring from the spout of the plastic container as oxygen passes through too rapidly and the flow becomes unpredictable, but that is a metal tap and is comes with silicone gaskets. Finally the top (natural/synthetic?) rubber gasket also concerns me, even if not in contact with the vinegar itself. 1. What affect over time will a constantly replenished, yet ever decreasing, concentration of 5% acetic acid have on a glass container? Will it erode the glass, or cause it to become unstable over time? 2. There are several after-market taps that are of a better quality to the one provided in the example product I offered, which come in both stainless steel and brass versions, all with very good reputations, they also require silicone gaskets and I wonder what the acid will do to these materials over time, given that conditions will mostly be standing, only at times passing solution? 3. I am unsure if the rubber seal used at the top (sandwiched beneath a thick glass lid) is natural or synthetic, but in both cases I wonder how the rubber would react to the fumes from the acid in the air trapped inside the jar? I have checked company literature and they don't mention anything of it, yet it's not designed for the purpose that I am interested in using it for, however there are plenty of chances that it will be used (for short periods) with lemon juice infused water. Finally, the wildcard: I also plan to keep Apple Cider Vinegar (with Mother: cellulose substance made up of various Acetobacter bacteria) in a separate container, which has a similar acidity (but not as much as I understand it) but will be accessed a lot less frequently, lasting anything up to six months, but in an ever decreasing quantity of course. Many thanks for the help!

It is unique in the degree of its sheer brutality that is still being practised nowadays.

I don't think the balance can be shifted. People post in those sections because they want to, not because something is influencing them to do so. It doesn't just come from new members. Rubbish comes in the form of science as well, with people posting drivel in the speculation section, so new members will make bad posts regardless of the limitations. Senior members like to discuss politics, ethics etc. as well. I cannot blame them as those sections exist and they are free to do so. I personally never click on those threads and that's fine. I think it's because those topics are easier to talk about. They don't require as much knowledge, brainpower and, most importantly, there are no prerequisites which would stop them from posting, unlike the science sections where people refrain from posting because of their lack of knowledge in the department. I generally either post questions or read threads. I rarely answer other people's question simply because I don't have the knowledge that the well respected members here do. So, to sum it up, the majority of the forum population is not ''eligible'' to talk science as well as the best members, whereas everyone is equal and eligible to talk about politics, religion, ethics, lounge stuff etc. That's why I think we see a lot of non-science and I doubt you could circumvent that artifically.

I think it is fair to say that NK is aware that the U.S. has a superior Military and that any potential war would be on their streets and not streets here in the U.S.. War vs the U.S. would end society as NK knows it. As such the trash talking isn't equal. When someone much bigger and stronger threatens you the sense of urgency it creates is considerably different than when someone much smaller and weaker does the same. In addition to be considerably most powerful Militarily the U.S. also has a long history of removing regimes around the world we (U.S.) doesn't like. So much so that I imagine that every world leader that hears their name mentioned negatively by U.S. politicians have legitimate worries they may be forcibly removed by U.S. force someday. So will NK it acted childish our behavior over the year too has been very threatening.

A culture with sharia law that oppresses women, an unnecessary heavy punishment for minor crimes is objectively regressive, things like killing gays and atheists. Reprehensible facets like this shouldn't be tolerated, this shouldn't even be argued. No one is proposing to start a war over it, nor is anyone saying this should justify anything more than a rejection, which is nothing more than that all of these should not happen in progressive places, anyone can come to progressive countries as long as they share the same progressive value as those countries. On a side note, I don't live in the United States, I happen to live in Singapore, a multi-cultural society and I have a few Muslim friends who are nice and chill people. I know for a fact that the factor for violence cannot be solely put on religion but there is, however, a culture in the Middle East that pushes the violence and regression in Islam constantly and no one really has a good solution to solve it.

I imagine it's mostly because you're talking bollocks...

Didn't take long for the "no true Scotsman" fallacy to appear.

I am on the side of rationality. I gave my view on why people might not respect Islam over other religions as the topic had asked and pointed out the regressive elements in the Quran and its main character, I also said I can't be sure because humanity has always found a way to start violence.

Rubbish.

What you just said is fundamentally retarded. I hope you are kidding.

No. You are missing the point, I am telling you what these two did to gain respect in contrast with each other, one was clearly more peaceful than the other and hence why people see one better than the other. I know what moral relativism is but should you accept cannibalism? No one should automatically reject culture but no one should tolerate ones that are clearly regressive.

Why not, the secular, Soviet Union did under Stalin... Like I said, some good some not so good.

It's an intrinsic part of humanity, despite your bias; terrorism is no different but plays on your bias.

Are you implying there is nothing to be learned from history? Better to just hyper focus in a vacuum of your current perspective. Point of taking a bigger view is to understand that the problem is greater than religion. The issues in throughout the Middle East are greater than religion. Remove Islam and Saudi Arabia, Qatar, etc and the region wouldn't become Western styled Democracies. There are economic and geo-political forces are play. Religion isn't the reason for quasi war between Saudi and Iran in Yemen, isn't the reason Assad gassed people in Syria, and so on. When you hear U.S. President talk about how the U.S. should have taken Iraq's oil or see Western World leaders visiting and showing support for the Saudi royal family despite their abuses it sort of gives it away that this isn't about religion. It is about what it is always about: power, resources, control, etc.

Humans have been killing, raping, enslaving, beating, and etc other humans since before the first religion was ever dreamt up. There is no point in history going back to the time of hunter gatherer tribes when humans were collectively benevolent. We, humans, have been our own worst enemy throughout existence killing sacking cities, rapping women, killing children, and etc. Focus in at any moment in time and it always seems like there are specific beliefs (religious/political/ sometype of ism) that is the root cause. Focus in on Spain is the late 1400's and it is Catholocism, South U.S. mid 1800's it is Racism, early 1900's Europe it is Facism and Nazism, and etc. Saying "at least nit at this point in time" is irrelevant. Pull back from a narrow focus look at all of time and recognize that regardless the labels humans have consistantly behaved this way. Sayingit is "cause by religion" is also irrelevant as the behaviors we see today are the same we have seen well before Islam. Religion is a symptom and not the disease itself. And I say that as a atheist who finds all religion silly.

Loop quantum cosmology is the more popular spinfoam model choice. In case anyone is interested. Its tricky to learn as one needs to understand QFT. For example spinfoams is a type of degree of freedom reduction. (taking complex systems and dynamics and mathematically reducing the number of required dimensions to describe the interactions).

Cultures happen everywhere, some good some not so good, and are shaped by the leaders, whatever they believe; religion is often an excuse but it's never a reason/cause.

Yes. I always wondered (for years) why Lorentz (1904, Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light, in German, from das Relativitaetsprinzip "1913" (=not otherwise, thus found here) https://archive.org/details/dasrelativittsp00minkgoog) would go into such detail of all 3 dimensions, to tackle the (analysis) problem(s) for the first 19/20 terms of GR (i.e. that was very admirable, to get into the nitty gritty e.g. every step of the way, when nothing else worked (right) (but I couldn't follow it (=his breakdown method) then(, why)); & (I also had wondered (for years) why a gyroscope had the ability to (180 degree) rotate & transfer a(n asymetrical, =1 sided) force, or acceleration (such as g) (for precession) at slow speeds (e.g. hanging 90 degrees, horizontal; away from the vertical rotating axis, at 0 degrees). Now I know (why). The (rotating) acceleration, is "non"_linear for the 2 rotating coordinates (e.g. x, & y; when z is vertical); (although gravitional acceleration g=-9.8 m/(s^2) is linear). The asymetric (rotational) acceleration (wrt time) causes the (momentum, & acceleration) transfer to another dimension (of the 3D's). The acceleration of 1 (rotating) coordinate (when added) is different for every step of time. Yes. Thank you, the article; your do's & don'ts; & tips are very helpful at getting me started. Just the right amount (of guidence: not too exhaustingly (long &) boring; nor too little to grasp) with torque example, to get the (=my mind's) ball rolling (& make it click (for me)). Enough to get me curious enough to ask why (in view of the paradoxes (to solve)). Thanks both (of you).

What has any religion done to earn respect?

Before rushing off to repeat the experiment (and perhaps the mistakes) you should consider the method very carefully .Firstly the mechanics of doing the trials. Are the trials carried out in six different flasks at the same time or is a trial repeated in one flask six times? Are the flasks clean? Especially if you repeat in the same flask which risks cross contamination. How are you measuring product concentration? How long does it take to make a concentration determination? You are recording instantaneous concentrations. How would a 15 second error in timing make to the 2min, 10min and 20min marks? The recorded concentration is only valid if the reaction mixture is homogeneous. Is it stirred? or how else do you ensure this? How temperature sensitive is this reaction? How much heat is evolved? Are you monitoring to see if all the trials have the same conditions? How are you noting down the results? I presume that each column in your table of results is meant to represent a single trial. If so the result 14,8,22 indicates some sort of recording error. If you can't sort this out looking back then this trial needs to be discarded - it is worse than an outlier. Secondly the reaction itself You say it is a catalysed reaction. Is it autocatalysed or are you adding a catalyst? Assume the reaction is [A] + = [C] Is either [A] or very large compared to the other so effectively constant? How about [C] ? is this always small or does the reaction approach completion? What reaction rate equation are you assuming to give the figures you have stated - 8, 16, 20 g/L

Today I learned about the Honeycomb conjecture. The honeycomb conjecture states that a regular hexagonal grid or honeycomb is the best way to divide a surface into regions of equal area with the least total perimeter. Some examples: Chicken wire, Graphene, carbon nanotube, You can also see this in how cell membrane is ordered, soapbubbels, crystal structure, carbohydrates...

What are the error characteristics of your measurement system? You have 6 data points. Are they all supposes to be a repeat measurement of the others? With the information you've posted and only 6 data points it's impossible to give any good advice. (with the possible exception of repeat the experiment some more)

Fisrt item on Google Scholar search [nail structure] is "On the Structure of the Normal Nail". Abstract A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of cut surfaces in normal human nails have confirmed the previous description of nail structure, i.e. the hard dorsal nail plate supported by the plastic intermediate nail plate. Unfortunately locate behind paywall - £35. From page 3 of the aforementioned search is this item - "Histological structure of human nail as studied by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction" Abstract Three layers (characterized by different orientations of the keratin molecules) from the outer to the inner side of human nail were observed by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction. These layers are associated with the histological dorsal, intermediate and ventral plates. The hair-like type alpha-keratin filaments (81 A in diameter), are only present in the intermediate layer (accounting for approximately 2/3 of the nail width) and are perfectly oriented perpendicular to the growth axis, in the nail plane. Keratin filaments of stratum corneum (epidermis) type, found in the dorsal and ventral cells, are oriented in two privileged directions; parallel and perpendicular to the growth axis. This "sandwich" structure in the corneocytes and the strong intercellular junctions, gives the nail high mechanical rigidity and hardness, both in the curvature direction and in the growth direction. Lipid bilayers (49 A thick) parallel to the nail surface fill certain ampullar dilations of the dorsal plate and intercellular spaces in the ventral plate. Using X-ray micro-diffraction, we show that onychomycosis disrupts the keratin structure, probably during the synthesis phase.

Does quite a lot of threatening in general. And it invades a lot more countries. I didn't say that it didn't apply in the initial formation too. It is just that if your government start talking about regime change as the endgame of a large scale military intervention then how can you still claim the moral high ground. And how can you dismiss North Korea's ravings as solely rampant paranoia when said country's integrity and sovereignty is threatened by an elected representative of the highest level.

Not even full percent of Muslims are terrorists. In 2016 81% of voters who identify as conservative and 90% of those who are registered Republicans voted for Trump. If 81% of all Muslims were terrorists (81% of the total world Muslim pop is 1.2 billion people) I guarantee you the overwhelming majority of the world would concede being Muslim was a bad thing. Your comparison is silly. Say Conservatives supported and continue to support Trump (context being U.S. conservatives) is spot on dead accurate. https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/polls/us-elections/how-groups-voted/groups-voted-2016/ In U.S. politics "conservative" is a title which people self identify under. Being a conservative in the U.S. doesn't mean what if means to be a conservative in Canada and everyone who follow politics understands that. Your complaint is akin to arguing that I can't speak negatively about the state of Georgia because it insults the country Georgia via generalizing all who potentially call themselves Georgians. Same name different group group of people. .

Conservatives often challange those who disagree with them to prove negatives. In the absence of evidence the imply the best imaginable scenario and argue that it can't be or hasn't been proven wrong. Then they proceed to do everything possible to prevent the collection of evidence. They do this when discussing climate, god, taxes, guns, sexual preference, abortion, and on and on. They argue that there is no proof of collusion with Russia and then demand investigations into collusion stop. For some time they have argued that behind closed doors Trump is more methodical and prepared than he seems to be in public and social media. People come out of private meeting saying they were surprised by how smart he was and how it has put then at ease. Obviously with no media in those private dealings no one can prove it wasn't so.......at least until now. The transcript proves a few things Trump's opponents have been saying all along. For starters the PM of Australia had to walk Trump through the policy agreement regarding refugees because Trump clearly didn't understand the matter. It was also disturbing to read Trump disrespecting his predecessor is a one of one conversation with a foriegn world leader. Trump also shaded Germany and France, U.S. allies, while complimenting Putin as being more pleasant to talk to. None of that is an exaggeration it is actually what went down. As for his conversation with the President of Mexico Trump basically acknowledged the wall he spent a year campaigning to build was just a political prop. Trump basically said what he needed from Mexico was for them to just not speak out against it too strongly so that the U.S. media won't give him (Trump) a hard time. Also in the conversation Trump threw Canada under the bus. Also disturbing was the way Trump rambled off topic and both leaders had to repeatedly bring Trump back to on topic. In defense of these transcripts people will challange us to prove negatives. They will imply that all politicians do this and ask how we know Obama, Clinton, or whomever didn't have similar conversations. In the absence of proof they can claim this might be the status qou. Meanwhile Trump is doing everything he can to limit how much is known about anything that happens. He refused to release his taxes, cameras have been blocked off and on from press breifings, he threatens officials who release if to the press, he demagogues the press, bold face lies about seemingly everthing when interviewed, and etc. The situation is as bad or worse than most all of us believe it is.

geordief - I am afraid it is very counter-intuitive mainly because our intuitions were forged on the savannah. We are remarkably good at understanding the slow and the earth-bound; when we move out of the ancestral comfort-zone some matters need to be thought about very hard and evidence must be taken at face value rather than compared to our own personal preconceptions. Contextualisation is very difficult as we just do not need to take account of einstein's relativity in our perception of our day to day experiences - but it still governs them. And when things are very heavy or moving at a high relative velocityetc. then you must use einstein's work in your calculations or they will be wrong - but these are extraordinary or not earth-bound . The only way to feel comfortable with it is to get a handle on the beginnings of the mathematics (SRT is not that bad at all) and to read up on some of the amazing experimental support. I would also note that this is not merely a property of light - it is a fundamental property of the universe

Gentle reminder that you have a major sampling bias here and that the most frustrated members are merely more likely to comment about it. Most of the rest of us, however, are just like, "whatever... it's only a software upgrade. so what? I'll adapt" and so consequently don't bother posting to share that.

The Scientific American article is really about reducing stress levels and the potential damage done by stress-related hormones (I didn't bother looking at the others). That's ironic.

I'd say they were a long way from "wise" - "manipulative scumbags" maybe.

Mysterious echoing voice: "I am GOD." Wise Man: "Fuck off."

DEA and CIA influence the cartels in Mexico all the time, the only reason the United States doesn't have drones blowing shit up in those conflicts is because there is nothing to gain from those regions they are not as unstable as it is in the Middle East.

How do you arrive at a conclusion that I support a moronic premise that culture and religious regime/doctrine are the same thing when what I'm actually pointing out is that culture is being the result of a religious regime/doctrine in Saudi Arabia?

Feed up. You will continue to grow until your mid 20s. Consider a high protein high carbo low fat diet. Consider doubling the amount you eat. Also consider a dedicated rigorous physical fitness program. Range of motion. Flexibility. Articulation. Light weights. Lots of running. Don't forget all the veges and greens. Perhaps the best thing you can do right now is get a good professional sports medicine consult. Pay the money. If you have the infrastructure, consider a good athletic club membership. It might be quite possible to gain several inches and lots of weight within 6-8 years. School athletic clubs or team sports are good. Seems diet and exercise triggers body growth? You want to be tall skinny and muscular. Go for the well fed long distance runner build. Don't forget the swimming if you have the means to do so. Cardio fitness is more important than big muscles. You can do this if you wanna.

If you create some Universe in some computer you will be the God of such Universe.

This puzzle has been viewed 89 times and nobody in this august crowd has been able to figure out the solution. There is an important lesson here. Given the same set of facts, many if not most people are unable to reach what is a clearly valid conclusion. Even AFTER zapatos acknowledged that the blind prisoner "knows for certain" that he is "not wearing" a red hat, he still claims "the blind guy doesn't know with certainty." Amusing, no? Solution: Prisoner #1 does NOT see 2 red hats. Prisoner #2 does NOT see 2 red hats on #1 and #3, BUT IN ADDITION, he does NOT see a red hat on #3, for IF HE DID, he would know his own hat was black. Prisoner #3, who is blind, recognizes the value of information gleaned from prisoner's #1 and #2 and says, "My hat is black. Buh bye." All the blather and bluster here about intellectualism and rationalism seem rather misplaced.

Thanks for the support, I will definitely keep my mind active and attentive in case I reach out to something more solid.

No one should shag sheep, but everyone should tolerate the sheep that like it.

You are off thread, but as you mention it, you and various moderators fail to grasp that space is not just an empty nothing. it is full of all manner of waves and particles, without which there is no space. Amusingly using QFT time dilation and dark matter are not required. . t=0 is not required either. What I was trying to do above was to give Martillo who started the thread a chance to get of the hook, and develop some kind of Pantheist idea rather than looking like a complete dick.

I think because the middle east people are stupid , and have only importance for religion 5 times a day .

I think that global warming is just an opinion. Who here in the science comunity agrees?!?

Basic particles like electrons and protons interact with other ones through electric force (Coulomb's law) and magnetic force (Lorentz force) acting at any distance between them without "touching". May be you could google for "action at a distance force".