Biology

You'll have to forgive me, I have very little knowledge of biology. However, I read that a brain computer interface less that 50 nanometers in diamater could cross the blood brain barrier, but I am not sure if it is possible when it is ingested or if it has to be injected. If it is ingested, does anyone know if it could perform the same tasks? Thanks. Here is the source article if anyone is interested: https://news.miami.edu/coe/stories/2020/11/connecting-mind-to-machine-university-of-miami-team-moving-forward-on-darpa-project-to-revolutionize-non-surgical-brain-computer-interface.html

Hi guys, Quick question for those of you who are working in a laboratory: What do you use for cell counting? Thanks!

The day after I created this topic, I got the coronavirus. I have a sore throat and a low temperature. God punished me. Therefore, I will no longer create such topics. https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/125476-world-biological-war/ I do not believe in chipping, because it would be possible to chip with other vaccines (for example, against tuberculosis). I am repulsed that my relatives who have been vaccinated have contracted the coronavirus. Ill for 3 days (usually lasts 14 days). What is the effect of the vaccine? Violation of storage conditions or should it be? Is there a vaccine so that people with weak immune systems do not get sick after vaccination…

It is highly doubtful that the virus did not mutate after going through trillions of cells. Despite this, mutations appear slowly. This suggests that these are not mutations, but viruses created in the laboratory. They are created by countries that want to make money on them. India is a well-known country, a manufacturer of medicines. If more people got sick in the world now, India would sell more medicines. Not vaccines, but medicines, because the vaccine only works against a known virus. That is, such countries will create a bunch of viruses in laboratories to make money selling drugs. To explain why many people are sick, they "detect new strains," although in re…

Often find reports that seeds from any plants, trees... do not produce the same exact varietal as their 'parents', with good chance that seeds yield different characteristics for the next seedling growth. Does it refer to their fruits only or to the characteristics of the plants as shape, height, color, growth speed, hardiness, yield...? Many seed merchants push to not use 'natural' seeds. How has nature been reproducing a plain apple for centuries ? If changes happen in a generation, a century old apple tree would be yielding way different descendants. Is that what is called 'heirloom' ? My artichokes which I set aside one plant for its seeds every year and…

Hi. My grandfather suffering from chronic respiratory issues has been gifted a lung exerciser/mucus loosening tool by my aunt. According to the user manual, the tool should be disassembled and suspended in a 20% solution of isopropanol every night to kill bacteria incubated over the day, but since the use of isopropanol can be expensive over time, I'm looking for a cheaper alternative. The tool is primarily made of polycarbonate in terms of chemical resistance to the potential solution. I have thought of a hypertonic solution of 5% sodium chloride or and unspecified concentration of diluted acetic acid, but I'm unsure of how effective these are in terms of proper ove…

As a cook, I have noticed with frustration that, when I roast or shallow-fry cooked potato (in chunks or slices), sometimes they come out golden and crisp with floury interior, and sometimes they quickly turn dark brown and come out flabby and a bit sweet. I think it may correlate with whether or not the potatoes have started to sprout in storage. I can imagine that the starch may possibly start to break down to simpler sugars when germination is triggered. I wonder if this accounts for what I have experienced, the sugars caramelising with the frying etc. Does anyone know? And, more to the point, what can I do to ensure this does not happen to my potatoes. My experie…

The seat of consciousness is in the striatum, more specifically, the caudate nucleus. The brain is consisted of various electric fields because of the electrochemistry of the brain. Imagine short circuiting these electric fields or electrochemical interactions through electromagnetic radiation and you would feel that you could short circuit the cerebral cortex and the outer layer of the brain with no consciousness lost, except at the basal ganglia particularly at that of the striatum. I am unsure where the striatum gets its input frequency though. I will need some help on that one.

Hello! I want to know how a biological virus can be modified. Does it require observation through an electron microscope? I searched for step by step instructions but could not find

So I found this video about mercury and its effect on brain degeneration which is caused by blocking the beta GTPase of the tubulin. Now my question is, is it impossible to rebuild the neurons again after brain regeneration? Because glutamate uncaging is supposed to naturally grow the axons based on the following video.

Can someone explain me some studies I saw about partial reprogramming and rejuvenation?. In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5679279/ Multi-omic rejuvenation of human cells by maturation phase transient reprogramming - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426786v1.full Is there anything in the first research that suggest that the rejuvenation that you get from partial reprogramming need constant maintenance(constant treatment) in order to endure? or that the results are permanent and will change only as a result of normal aging?. What the second research say a…

Hello Our group has been having issues with Surface Plasmon Resonance. We are working with a BioSensing setup with manual injection. For the first two or three months of use we were able to see analyte binding with repeatable results in the Pico-molar to Nano-molar range. Then all of a sudden no signal can be read for analyte binding using the same chip, carboxymethylated chip, and reagents. We were quite confused and returned the machine to the manufacturer for them to test and deep clean. We got the unit back and performed a standard BSA kit on a CM chip and see immobilization and a light analyte response, compared to response graphs we were receiving previously, but pr…

On the one hand, most experts argue that fat breaks down during aerobic exercise, and this is logical, since fat is used as an energy substrate only in mitochondrial cycles But there is info that better effect give High Intensive anaerobic training with ephedrine+cofein coctail Why? If we belive in aerobic fat-burning?

E. O. Wilson (and others in the minority) consider humans to be eusocial, arguing that menopause constitutes a sterile caste, similar to worker ants. He also made the argument that it's (respectfully) possible that homosexuality is a eusocial caste or culture-imposed monastic orders are. My thoughts are as follows: I feel the homosexuality argument is a little flimsy, as it's been documented in non-eusocial animals (and seemingly appears too infrequently to be "caste"), and invoking something like a religious order as evidence of eusociality seems odd to me as it implies that some cultures are more eusocial than others. The postmenopausal argument is a little t…

Hi all, I'm new here. I was looking for a science-related forum as I have some questions I want to raise regarding plot holes in a fantasy/sci-fi novel I am writing. I wasn't certain which sub-forum to post in but since the questions most important to me are biological in nature, I thought here was a good place to start. I have a planet colonised by humans in my novel. There is also a human outpost on the planet's moon, but due to a galaxy-wide cataclysm (not decided on the specifics) civilisation almost collapsed, and now the two colonies have not made contact for around 5000 years. Fast forward time in the book and those on the planet eventually have…

Hermann Grid Illusion : The Mystery Unveiled The current study infers, optical illusions are more related to associated memory of us rather than optical factors, retrieval of which can occur reflexively. Optical illusions take the route to betray our firmly embedded associated memory. According to researcher Dr. Krishanu Das, optical illusions are more related to associated memory of brain. Associated memory means sets of memories associated with different objects and situations. For that, whenever we see a cup, we expect to see ' tea' or 'coffee' within it. Or whenever we look at the sky we anticipate to see 'stars' or 'clouds' in it. Retrieval of these asso…

Flip-flopping of lipids (and in proteins it is impossible) in plasma membrane is rare due to high energy barrier (video ref). However, it is an important mechanism since it allows asymmetric distribution of lipids in cell membrane. Question: If a specific lipid is flipped E.g. phosphatidylinositol from cytoplasm side to extra-cellular side (E.g. by flippase), what mechanism can the cell do to ensure it will stay towards the extra-cellular fluid side but not flip-flop AGAIN (i.e. establish the asymmetry & enable its function)?

Please forgive me if this question has been addressed elsewhere in the forum, and if it has, if you would direct me to the thread(s), I would appreciate it. My questions are these: 1. What are the potential causes of determinant DNA tests to result in "unidentified," or "unknown?" For example, someone is on the trail of the ever evasive "Bigfoot" and comes across a hair sample. This sample is sent in for DNA analysis, and the results are returned as "unidentified," or "unknown." What are potential causes of this result? I am familiar with the possibility that the DNA extracted could be damaged, and thereby rendering the sample unidentifiable. I am a…

Mobile phones have been found to increase skin and brain temperature, sometimes the increase was as bad as 4.5 degrees C. But how much (if any) of that could be down to radiation, and how much down to battery discharge? I’ve only read two studies that have looked into comparing phone battery discharge and radiation. Both done two rounds of tests, one where subjects would hold a phone to their head for a 5 minutes, with the phone in normal mode (communications on). The second round was done the same but with the phone in airplane/standby mode (communications off/battery life saving). Both studies found that the temperature was higher in normal mode then it was in airp…

I got 46 chromosomes(that of a human) that needs to be placed into a cell for it to work(agreed?). There are two ways that I am thinking of. 1. Inject chromosomes into a pre-existing cell. 2. Build a cell around the chromosomes. The problem about number 1 is that a chromosome is too big to be inserted into a cell through a virus, and even if you do manage to get it pass the cell wall you still need to get it pass into the nucleus. The pores of the cell nucleus is only 2nm wide(last time I checked if I remember correctly). You could get it past into the nucleus in pieces and re-assemble it inside the cell nucleus but it just sounds like way too much work. …

I have read a study that has found that cell phones are assositated with increased immature sperm amoung men: I am wondering if this study warrents action, should we change how we use phones? I can only indetify one flaw with this study, and that is that it's population was from a fertility clinic. This seems like a selection bias as they are studying people who are already infertile (The study tried to account for this by only allowing those with normal sperm concentration to participate, however sperm concentration only makes up one of many factors that go into measuring fertility, this leads me to believe that they haven't accounted for the bias very well). …

Many people in favour of hunting as well as many against it alike seem to agree that hunting practices from the past brought too many species to the brink of extinction. Yet while hunting is supposedly so often the problem... it's also supposedly often the solution. The reasoning follows directly from the food chain itself; you drive down the population of a predatory species, all the animals they used to prey on thrive, and now you have to take their place as the new predator. You drive down the population of a prey species, and the animals that used to prey on them starve... driving up the population of the other animals they preyed on. And again, now you ha…

with a note before starting: I could not differentiate it well so this thread might either be considered in medical sciences or biology forum. sorry for the case. hi, I wonder whether trans lipids/oils usable in human body? among the contexts,I know that not all of saturated lipids were trans , in trans lipids , hydrogen atoms are inversed at bond points. and not all of saturated lipids / oils were useless. but do not really know anything about the certainty of information appearing in the thread. equivalently, can we say that once we obtain trans oils in known forms , then is that impossible to move away these lipids from the body up to de…

Hi Everyone I have just seen something which doesn't make sense to me. According to the following article, coconut flour has a Glycemic Index of 50: https://www.upgrademyfood.com/which-flour-is-best-for-a-diabetic/ However, according to the nutrition information on a packet of coconut flour I have purchased, there are only 27.2g of non-fibre carbohydrates per 100g of the flour. Have the authors of the above article made a mistake? How can the Glycemic Index be higher than the amount in grams of non-fibre carbohydrates per 100g of the coconut flour? Thank you very much. Kind regards Tim

Hi Everyone Does anyone know the highest temperature you can cook at before any amino acids start to get damaged? Are any of the amino acids in a boiled egg damaged? (Presumably the boiling takes place at 100C) Thank you very much Kind reagrds Tim