Chemistry

I've come to accept the notion that it isn't straightforward to predict volatility from the sheer atomic composition of a compound. I'm wondering, however, about the case of anticipating the volatility of compounds mainly consisting of a common ion (i.e. whose main structure is atomically identical): Can we generally rank the volatility of different compounds with a common ion, based only on the atomic weight of the compound (assuming each would bind in the same numbers with the same number of common ions, like CuCl2 and ZnCl2)? Is this a wrong rule, a good rule of thumb (true most of the time), or an absolute rule (true all of the time)? Can we …

Hello, I'm doing analysis on potato juice and i just got the XRF analysis results from the lab. The results show many different metal concentrations dissolved in the juice(like potassium and sodium). What do these concentrations mean. Is it the overall metal concentration, including iron complexes for example? Or is it just the ion's in the sample like Fe2+ and Fe3+? Thanks in advance.

I moved into a new home recently and am now the proud (and overworked) owner of an in-ground swimming pool. Part of pool maintenance is keeping the water chemistry in the correct balance. Two of the things I must regulate are pH and alkalinity; two separate things. Since my water test strips indicate I have low pH AND low alkalinity I had to buy two products to fix the problem. One raises the pH level and one raises the alkalinity level. The product to raise pH contains Sodium Carbonate, and the product to raise alkalinity is sodium bicarbonate. Since the pH scale is considered acid at one end and alkaline (or base) at the other, I don't understand what it means…

Line Graph for a Solution which has Three Concentrations? Hi! I am not sure if I am posting this query in the correct forum, so please forgive me if I've got this wrong. I am doing a research paper into the effect of different macronutrient ratios on sleep (duration efficiency etc) My IV is Marcos distribution and so obviously I have three components eg. 50% carb 30%protein 20% I have 5-6 different diets to test. I know I can do a bar chart of all these diets but I also need to show some sort of correlation as my IV progressively changes I am therefore a bit unsure how to make a line graph accurately after recording the results of this exp…

Why ionization energy of Nitrogen is more than that of oxygen?

I am writing a paper on Russia leather and focusing on the birch tar oil aspect of it that was applied during the currying process. There is some debate about the oxidative stability of the oil and I would like to get the iv value of this oil. As far as I know this is something nobody has yet done. In looking up information on this test and how to do it I keep landing on sites that offer testers but this is far above my budget and can't justify that cost for one test. What I would need if possible is a lab to send it to that could do the test, a one time test kit, or to send somebody a sample who has the equipment to do the test. What would you gu…

Hey everyone, I have a question about a problem related water chemistry. 0.3 mol K3PO4 + 0.1 mol NaCl dissolve in 1L water. 1-) evaluation of proton y and electroneutrality (using both graphic and electroneutrality method) 2-) Determine all the species formed in the system using the chemicals and concentrations given in the first question. Calculate the concentration of each species. For the first one I made that, Is it correct ? a-) proton condition = electroneutrality = [K+] + [Na+] + [H+] = [H2PO4-] + 2*[HPO42-] + 3*[PO43-] + [OH-] + [Cl-] If it is, could you please give me some idea about 2. thank you.

Hello! I have a question about HPLC chromatograms. I got two chromatograms, each one with different signal/wavelength (290nm and 325nm) and I got two peaks of compounds that I wanted to analyze, but the peaks are not on the same chromatogram. My question is, can I read peak resolution of two peaks from two different chromatograms, or not? It doesn’t make any sense for me, but it's in my instruction. I can’t find any information about that. I would be most grateful if you would look into this matter.

It's obvious why increasing the concentration of reactants increases rate. What if you add simply more of a given reactant at a fixed concentration? Should this also increase the rate? Example: To 20ml of 0.1M A make three tests with 5ml, 10ml and 15ml of 1M B Case 1: 2 x10-3 moles A and 5 x 10-3 moles B in 25ml = 0.28 moles reactants/L Case 2: 2x10-3 moles A and 0,01moles B in 30 ml = 0.4 moles reactant/L Case 3: 2x 10-3 moles A and 0.015moles B in 35ml = 0.485 moles reactant/L So since we have more reactant moles/L as we add volume of reactant B at a fixed concentration the rate should increase, right? Actually just thought, if you …

I want a stable source of gamma ray so I intend to filter out isotopes from a banana, how can I achieve that? I am a newbie at isotope filtering.

Why all the shells and skeletons are made from calcium carbonate (CaCo3), why not something else? why not C2H3Cl or C2H4O or something else? What is the reason? why it wasn't something else? this is an inorganic chemistry related question. This baffles me. when we see living things all of them have caco3 in them. why? why couldn't it be something else that gives similar strength or may be more strength?

I have no clue what this is but I need to know for my skateboard graphic and can't find it anywhere, does anyone know what this is?

Someone spilled a jug of bleach down the hall and it's making the hallway smell really bad. Is there any chemical that can be dumped on it that will safely neutralize the smell or the chemical itself without producing another gas or a worse chemical?

what kind of crystals can be made within 45 mins which are hard like rocks. Are there any chemicals which can be use to form hard crystals that will not melt with heat of 500 degrees celcius, after forming the crystals?

Good Morning, I am not a chemist nor student but looking to gain some knowledge if some of you would share. My company trucks in a mixed NGL product where we weigh in and weigh out the tanks to determine the net weight of the total load. For each incoming load we receive an analysis with all of the components (Nitrogen, CO, Methane, Ethane, Propane, Iso-Butane, N-Butane, Iso-Pentane, N-Pentane and Hexanes plus) Our goal is to determine , based on each load's analysis, how many gallons there are of each component in the load. I have put together a spreadsheet(attached) based on a similar application we once used which uses each component's Mole %,Molecular wt., lbs. …

So from my understanding, paper is mostly just wood pulp, with a few other chemicals added. If trees weren't cut down to make wood, they would die in nature. If they died in nature; they would at best give off carbon dioxide; at worst give off even worse greenhouse gases like methane. (I think it's typically both, with how much of each depending on what kind of decomposers get at it?) So what's the deal with paper recycling? Why are we even recycling paper at all, when burning it would at worst produce the same end-result as a tree's best-case scenario in nature, and at best could be used as a source of heat energy that reduces combustion of other, less renewa…

I am trying to engineer an aquarium system that will maintain CO2 levels much higher than what is present if the atmosphere. I have many ideas to create these conditions. However, the avenue of producing CO2 through a chemical reaction is one that is giving me most trouble. I know how it works and understand the equations. Although I don't know how to quantify the CO2 release for this reaction do you quantify the about of CO2 being released in these two First of all I would like to learn reaction produced more CO2. I am asking this because I read some where that MgCO3 produced a lot more CO2 than CaCO3 does under the same conditions but it didn't explain why. I hadn't th…

Hello, I basically know next to nothing about science and am wondering about ways I can find out if there's any aluminum in a pile of dust I have. I would also, if possible, like to somehow find out if there's any aluminum content in my raw bearded wheat. The only option I know of is to use a neodymium magnet, which isn't very accessible to me. Can someone point me in another (easier) direction(s)? TIA I now realize I posted this in the wrong section. My bad

I was watching a documentary that said the American colonist, or UK colonist, had to import all gunpowder? They could make glass. They could have made sulfur, right? They could make charcoal I believe. I think potassium nitrate from horse urine or bat dung I saw from one source. Why could they make gunpowder instead of importing it? Could a chemist help me here? Maybe it would have taken a great effort to make enough for the whole army, but they could have had farmers from all over the place pithing in to make the ingredients.

I am wonder if the camping alcohol fuel which said 99% organic alcohol on the label, can i use it in similar way as rubbing alcohol for hand and item sanitizing ? i have already have a bottle of it in store for a long time, since right now the Corona virus is spreading rapidly everywhere, can i use it instead of iso alcohol ? if we can't use it as replacement, then pls explain. thanks andrew

Ok if i understand my chemistry correct a hydroxide has a pKa value of 15.7 so that means it can form an "ionic bond"? with anything less than a pH of 15.7 i.e. phosphoric acid = 50/50 tri and di, Phosphate at 2. 148, 50/50 Di and mono @ ph7.199, 50/50 of mono and phosphate at ph 12.35 Now my investigation shows that caffeine is a base and has a pKa value of 14? is this correct? Now from what I have read if you take caffeine and react it with citric acid you get caffeine citrate? is this correct? (when I mean react, i mean put the caffeine in water along with the citric acid then evaporate the water resulting in caffeine citrate) Now here is my question, in…

I work for municipality with urban management and i have a interest for the environment, and have become fascinated with metals. Together with a engineer i will be making a report about metal reactions etc. So i would like to get you guys take on these questions that i have in mind for my report. 1. When you have flashes from metals that are burning, like from magnesium, aluminium or iron, how often should you see the flashes, and what will the duration of the flashes be?, can any of these 3 metals when molten flash 6 times in lets say 8 seconds?, with the longest duration of one flash beeing 0.87s?. And is it possible for any molten material falling in the air to gi…

Hello scienceforums. I am an undergrad doing research and our chemistry department recently purchased those thermofischer SPEC200E's. Fischer scientific the geniuses they are made it so In order to get the actual spectra onto a pc you need some 600 dollar software, being VisionLite 5. You can get a calibration curve from the machine via usb but not spectra. I was just wondering if anyone has some opensource that can work with the machine or maybe a copy of said software would be much appreciated, thanks.

Hi, so I found a couple of these at a job site that was once a plating line. It was found inside a lab and I just wanted to know if anyone knew what the name of it was. Thanks!

Looking at various chemical reactions, I used to see parallels in acidity and alkalinity to the energy concept. Acids and bases neutralize; sort of temperatures contrasting. Acids react with metals to form neutral hydrogen and salt; but those metals would if electrolyzed would've become alkaline, so it almost looks like the "alkalinity" equivalent of latent energy. And of course, if you burn plants, the ashes are alkaline, but the gases could be reacted with water to form acids. A divergence between alkalinity and acidity, if you will. But then I found this. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLHfN7GvAyI#t=2m11s This person forms a strong …