Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

18 April 2016 Dear Friends, First of all, nice to talk with you. Many of you probably know about 100.000+ scientific PUBMED articles talking about amygdala and its pivotal role in anxiety, panic, bipolar, PTSD, depression, and many other “stress” and “dissociative” disorders and/or symptoms. I studied them because of my illness (very severe/resistant Agoraphobia + Bipolar, since 2008). Last month I went in Asia to do a Gamma Knife surgery and remove my right amygdala (about 2 cubic centimetres 20% bigger then normal). Despite 20+ years of literature I am one of the first making this innovative treatment. Maybe this fact can interest th…

For any of you scientists educated in this field out there reading this, all you need to do is follow through with this hypothesis and you will find out this is indeed the case. Please do the necessary research and experimenting to find out how this could be possible and you will find that it is. Cheers

The Ku complex is essential for DNA repair following double strand breaks following exposure to X-Rays. Potential inhibitors of this Ku complex could either block its interaction with the DNA backbone by binding as an anionic phosphate analogue or block formation of the required Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer for DNA repair. These inhibitors can be selectively targeted to cancer cells by conjugation to a macromolecule such as polyethylene glycol which should enter tumour cells via the EPR effect or monoclonal antibodies which bind biomarkers. Could selective inhibition of this Ku complex within malignant tumours with subsequent exposure to X-Rays be an effective method of shrinki…

Hi all, I got this question on my test: "Marco tries to hide at the bottom of a swimming pool by breathing in and out through a long garden hose (2 feet in length), which greatly increases his dead space. What happens to the bicarbonate level in his arterial blood and why?" I think breathing under water would increase his arterial bicarbonate levels. Is this correct? 90% of CO2 is the blood is transported as bicarbonate ions. My professor thinks this is incorrect because she said that blood CO2 is only 40nm and blood HCO3 is 24 mM, so even doubling the amount of arterial CO2 would not make any differences. But I think 40nm is the concentration of H+, the concentrat…

I read a article about that, it seems possible but there is something i can't understand : how? If they use stem cells, it is already known thing and ( as far as i know ) stem cells need neural environment for evolve to nerve cell. Waiting your answers. Have a nice day!

This happened two nights ago. I was in the room watching TV but all of the sudden I felt cold from "the inside out" from which I started to shiver. I am physically fine. I do not have a cold or any physical illnesses. I was not watching a horror movie. In fact, I was watching a hallmark (light) romantic movie. I do understand the "chills" from a very cold day but what is going on with feeling it from "the inside out"? Please explain. Thank you.

I was wondering what happens to your consciousness when you go to sleep? Does it it cease to exist or does your brain enter a stage in which it still exists but your your senses don't pick up anything?

why is there salt in sweat? there is also a small amount of sugar and urea. So why is salt so "dominant" in our sweat to the point that we can taste is? Why not sweet sweat? please explain the physiological significance of (more) salt in our sweat. Thank you.

As i know it is very common after you move from one doctor to another, nobody can help you, what will you do ? consider you put any thread regarding your condition in this forum, it will be locked. Do you feel helpless and hopeless, what will you do next ?

A recent SciShow video purports 9 Groundbreaking Discoveries About Sleep. I take issue with discovery #2, "sleep solidifies memory," wherein, purportedly, our brain organizes and consolidates our memory. The video's host says that this process occurs during non-REM sleep phases. My issue is that the brain is not organizing and consolidating memories during non-REM, which would require increased neural activity that doesn't occur. What actually occurs is something I've commented about previously regarding the removal of extracellular waste via its Glymphatic system. During non-REM, our brain flushes away extracellular toxins and waste that can impede our mental acuity.…

Which stimulants in difference from caffeine develop almost no tolerance and cause no problems with heart? They suppose to be available over the counter. I agree to regard some "overdose" substances under condition they cause no harm to health and only produce a strong stimulant effect.

I am puzzled as to how the cochlea can simultaneously differentiate between sounds of different frequencies and pressures. For example, if i sit listening to a string quartet, with all the instruments equidistant from me, ( some playing louder than others ), my eardrums react to the strings vibrations and deliver them, ultimately, to the cochlea, which transforms these vibrations in air into vibrations in fluid. How, then, can the same, single fluid cope with so many different wavelengths of sound and pressure at the same time? P.S. Could i ask the same question about the eardrums too?

There are some drugs which provoke fast heart rate. For example, Benadryl is one of the best sedatives available, but some people complain that if taken regularly it may increase pulse rate to dangerous levels. Do exist some over-counter drugs or herbs which can dramatically reduce this problem taken with Benadryl? And what are the best prescription drugs of that kind?

Mind The Comprehensive Experience What are you? You are a question, there is more to you than meets the eye, especially of a second or third party. You are not only an organism, or mechanism; that is, unless, you are being perceived wrongly, by another of similar mental capability. What is mind? Mind is a harmonious continuum, the shape of mind is a mechanism that resembles an organism; a windmill, a blue and white sky on a pale green hill, a man, justified. Mind is family-based, but a problem, or war' is race-based. You are ignorant of other races you solve a problem by focusing on family whilst not focusing on race(being your own race); a squa…

Firstly, I would like to ascertain whether or not I pulled a hamstring. I was getting out of a chair awkwardly and I landed on my leg wrong. The rest of the day I had pulled pains in my leg and it hurt to sit or walk. The pain felt like I tore or pulled a muscle and it was both in the hamstring area, as well as my lower back area. I am wondering if I pulled a hamstring. Because the next morning, I woke up and I was cured. I am wondering if I have special DNA which enables me to rapidly recover from such injuries. Or because I used a certain technique the other afternoon that may have helped. Or, to find out that I never pulled a hamstring at all, and that is why I r…

Dreams are one of the only things keeping from committing suicide. I cannot go out walk to the park, or go to the shopping mall and feel enjoyment like I used to as a child, because in the back of my mind I know noone will ever love me. In my dreams I think of these amazing, beautiful scenery and amazing songs and modifications of other songs and combining them into other songs. And in my dreams I have friends and am slightly popular. And when I sing I sing my heart out and I dont care if anyone judges me, sometimes in my dreams I yell at the top of my lungs when someone gives me a hard time. In my dreams my songs are a mix of Adagio Dazzle, Peter Gabriel, Phil Collin…

There is a game called Think Smart Family, supposedly it strengthens and exercises your brain. But I am wondering if there are any studies that actually prove such games actually increase intelligence of the brain. The game consists of various puzzles such as Tower of Hanoi. In some puzzles, some of the instructions and goal of the puzzle is unclear, such as a match stick puzzle that says "Move the 3 matches and make the top shape the same." Further impairments may occur due to fuzzy text on certain CRT monitors, as well as a repetitive music loop that drones on throughout the test. Additionally, the wii mote will shake around and you will accidentally hit the wrong a…

During deep sleep, do the inactive parts of your brains have waves?

I recently came across a theory from neurologists that the human brain is basically a computer. Basically, the techniques currently used by computer scientists to develop pattern-recognition artificial intelligence like on the game show contestant computer "Watson" just happen to be the same structure that evolution naturally gravitated towards when making the human brain. But something still bugs me. If our brains are just computers, shouldn't we naturally favor numbers in our everyday lives? And yes, sometimes we do prefer numbers ... when it's easy. For example, when we're trying to tell time, we usually assign a time based on a certain number of minutes and…

I have had this "problem" my whole life, and it has proven extremely difficult to articulate to others, as nobody has understood or resonated with me thus far. I have an odd "ability" (feels more like a burden - VERY disorienting) to perceive places I've known since I was a child (such as my home growing up, 3-18 years old, my childhood best friend's home 5-18 years old, my grandparents' longtime home, our summer cabin, etc.) in two differently "oriented" ways. My natural and non-confusing perception of these places feels, well, NORMAL, as it would to any person walking into a room. My second perception I can slip into as easily as one can flip a brand new lens on a c…

I believe that these statements are true - "When the pupil dilates, more light enters the eye." "When the pupil constricts, less light enters the eye." "In bright light conditions, the pupil constricts a little." "In dim light conditions, the pupil dilates a little." and that this statement is demonstrably and logically false "The iris/pupil controls/regulates the amount of light entering the eye." When I search the internet, I find variations of that last statement everywhere and various doctors and opticians also seem to agree and yet, I can prove to my own satisfaction that it is false. It does depend on what you mean by the words "control" and "regulate". Before I …

I was shown a demonstration on estimating peripheral nerve conduction velocity in a healthy subject and have been asked about to look up about delay artefacts which limits the accuracy of the values. There is apparently two of these but I have not been successful in finding out either of these. I am thankful for any help. The demonstration is similar to this: https://mustelid.physiol.ox.ac.uk/jan/?q=book/export/html/35

When I eat cheese or chicken, my cheeks sweat uncontrollably. I have to wipe my face afterwards. It doesn't sweat to the point of dripping but forms sweat beads on my cheeks under my eyes. I've made a bit of research and it seems that both these foods contain very high amounts of Tryptophan. In what way can this amino-acid INSTANTLY affect my cheeks?

How can long-term neuroleptic drug (not cannabis) usage trigger psychosis? Is it possible that atypical antipsychotics inverse chemical balance (dopamine/serotonin levels) in the brain? Can atypical antipsychotics cause dopamine hypersensitivity? Thanks.

What causes mind wandering?