Earth Science

Losing heat by radiation since millions of years ago, can the mantle be just that, cooled slag on top of a molten core ?

While watching BBC reels on different topics, I noticed that many peculiar phenomena are associated to Siberia that all seem to bear a common relationship. It drew my attention that many of these seem to be related to permafrost thawing. Siberia's exploding craters: https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p097w5p3/the-mystery-of-siberia-s-exploding-craters Batagaika crater: https://www.bbc.com/reel/playlist/ultimate-world?vpid=p08lmh55 Thermokarsts in Siberia: https://www.bbc.com/reel/playlist/ultimate-world?vpid=p08rswth The Gates of Hell https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p08vxl52/how-the-soviets-accidentally-discovered-the-gates-of-hell- …

Hello everybody! Few vehicles have dived deep in the Ocean, with a crew or not. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe Very few: Piccard's ones to the deepest point of 11km around 1960, a handful much later to 5 or 7km, and recently to 11km Kaiko (lost in a typhon) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaik%C5%8D Its successor Abismo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABISMO Nereus (lost by implosion) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereus_(underwater_vehicle) The manned Deepsea Challenger http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger The float is technically difficult. A hull that resists the 114MPa water pressure is too heavy to float, unless it uses the best materials in an o…

Hi all, I'm building a world for a fantasy novel. The world is very Earth-like in terms of size, gravity etc, and has a moon similar to ours also. One of the main aspects of my story is that every four years, the winter in the northern hemisphere is particularly long and brutal. But it only occured to me recently that, although it won't be explained in the novel (it is set in a medieval time period) I would like to know myself why and how, without using the easy route of saying 'because magic'. I'm no scientist but I understand how our Earth spins on it's axis causing our seasons as we know them, and this was caused by Theia (most likely) smashing into our …

As I was taking a little summer holiday in Russia by browsing on google maps, I found some weird features in the Russian landscape that I cannot explain. There are triple or quadruple rows of trees (or other types of green), which extend for hundreds of kilometers through the landscape. Here's an example of a triple line. Here's an example of a quadruple line. Here's one that crosses through a town, to give a sense of scale. Finally, here's one just outside of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad), which seems to give a possible hint about what this is... These lines seem to have little to do with the borders of the oblasts or other governmental regions. The line jus…

I just want to ask how oxygen, silicon, aluminum, potassium, calcium, etc., basically the liquid portion of magma, how are they in liquid form? In our textbook, it was mentioned that the melt consists of mobile ions of these elements so does it mean the liquid part is a congregate of ions in the form of ionic liquid? The part that got me confused is with the characteristic of oxygen because it only exists as a liquid in -183 oC, presumably at lower temperatures, while the asthenosphere is around 1300 oC which makes me think that it should be in a gaseous form. Why is it a liquid along with the other elements I mentioned?

Hello, I’m fairly new here. Like... Just signed up today. I have been reading up on different problems with creationist’s claims and playing devil’s... Well, I guess, God’s advocate. Anywho, right now I’m looking at the water canopy issue. At this juncture I am curious what the effects on temperature would be. The hypothetical scenario: 2 bars of liquid water exerting pressure on the whole atmosphere like a rubber balloon (Because of gravity & cohesion). The questions: #1 How far above sea level would the atmosphere/canopy boundary be?; #2 How much less heat from the sun would it trap?; #3 At this proximity to the earth, would the top of the can…

why there is not official statement that the ozone hole shrinkage is due to vlf technology application? maybe because this technology is use as w-weapon too? 15.01.2009 - 14 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2007RG000235#rog1670-sec-0048-title - Reviews of Geophysics Volume 47, Issue 1 - Free Access - Powerful electromagnetic waves for active environmental research in geospace

I'm not being a doom-merchant here, I think we are capable (For instance, this current emergency (pandemic) has taught us that our economy is capable of dealing with a change of circumstances, while simultaneously demonstrating our propensity to act too late.) Should we feed "the lazy mouse"?

Was the earth always at an angle or was in knocked onto the angle it is at? I'm told today that if the earth was not at its present angle, that we would not experience the changes in the weather and climate, is this true?

Every year the subject comes up again. "Another natural disaster in that state? Why don't they just move?" I'll try to avoid singling out specific individual states any more than necessary. But the public supports the decision to live in even the most disaster-prone of regions by, through their elected officials, sending tax dollars to these locations after a disaster without making the money contingent upon, let's say, the decision not to spend it on rebuilding but on relocation to a safer region. However, not all natural disasters are equal, in lives lost or dollars cost. New England's blizzards bury cars, but if the economy of a town…

Does anyone ever question Pangaea?

Am I correct in assuming that the South Atlantic anomaly (“Bermuda Triangle”) is part of a series of pole reversals around Earth; whereby it will nullify the magnetic field around its geographical sphere of influence i.e. an ozone layer hole ? If so, then the CFC ban in place during the 1990s was not the cure, nor the ailment, for an ozone hole, would that be correct ?

Hi I’m a fictional writer now by trade but I’m composing a short educational work that talks about Creation Science and how it can possibly jive in many areas with other scientific discoveries or theories apart from Christian creation science. I’m not debating the issues against each other, but looking to expose how they can and do appear to be complimentary of each other when they are examined differently than the opponents of any group commonly seem to do. I’m posting this in two different independent forums. One is a Christian forum with creation science topics in it, and the other is a non-religious affiliated science forum. I tried to pick forums that had equal po…

Final international agreement as to the height of Mt Everest and the dispute as to whether the snow on top should be included or not in the height measurement. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-55218443 Well done the Nepalese.

Greetings. When I walked on the Galapagos glasslike volcanic soil, nothing grows on it, perhaps saw a lost lizard. How many centuries takes for that soil to turn to the "great soil of volcanic origin" often described covered by lush jungle vegetation ? How does lava converts to fertile soil ?

What was the average sea level in Athens, Greece 2,720 years ago? What was the average sea level in ancient Rome 2,420 years ago? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_theatre Ancient towns have been found that were built thousands of years ago when the towns were above sea level. My bet is the average sea level was at its lowers 2,720 years ago when most of the planet was covered in ice. The sea will continue to rise until the ice caps melt. Will NY be under water then? When the caps/glaciers melt, what will the average world sea level be considering the volume of the known ice caps today What will the sea level be when the ice ca…

I wonder if anyone has any ideas as to how one might figure this out. If there were a tunnel from one side of the earth, through the center of the earth, and on out the other side, what would the air pressure be in the center? I have some ideas, but one catch is that the air pressure and air density would seem to be mutually interdependent..

Was reading on the net that Earth is overdue for a magnetic pole switch that could in theory alter the deep ocean current causing an up-welling that could drop air temps significantly. Any thoughts? https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/millions-of-years-ago-the-poles-moved-and-it-could-have-triggered-an-ice-age Will Geese fly to the North pole and starve if this happens?

Please review and comment. Louisiana marshes are destined to be washed away by Mississippi River Diversions. Talked to CPRA (Coastal Protection Restoration Authority) and they agree the marshes will wash away for 40 years because fertilizers from the river will feed marshes with plant having shorter roots and hurricanes will wash them away. Also talked to the CORPS and they do not know what will happen and asked me to share my concept with CPRA. Below pictures show different aspects of my concept and the Diversion Master Plan has thanked me for sharing the concept. Basically, the concept sends diversion waters to open waters west of the river when tides are decreasing and…

Hello All I found this in a London garden I don't know if it came from here or not, Grey with white/beige and brown. What are the elements/compounds here please? Regards

If there are not storm nor aurora but there are corona on tower summit, this can be before a eartquaques, i have found a pdf for details for it, here i give details and also a exemple for corona on électric tower: predicting_earthquaques_thanks_to_the_corona.pdf

Recent research seems to indicate information as follows : https://earthsky.org/earth/earth-ancient-atmosphere-carbon-dioxide-nitrogen-meteorites What puzzles me particularly is the question of how long oxygen has been in the atmosphere and its location. If the early Earth's atmosphere had carbon dioxide, where did the oxygen come from? Also, I assume that the atmosphere later on was also dominated by water vapour. Where did the oxygen come from that reacted with the water? I would appreciate any answer that enables me to learn more about this theoretical topic in an Earth very different to what we have had recently.

I’m wondering if a large enough meteorite fell to earth to penetrate the crust, would there be additional material ejected into the atmosphere as there’s now an area for magma to be released? I’m wondering mainly about the compounding effects of both the material ejected from the ground around the meteorite impact as well as additional ejecta resulting from the weakened crust.

For a long time , i think that problematic. Can closed, maybe for one or two square kilometres, checked lands make greener. So from desert to forest . Underearth ice machine and artifical cloud . So we can build where we want a central park ? It is possible? We do not realize ? Edit: spelling