Quantum Theory

does a black hole of slowing rotation with a shrinking event horizon equatorial diameter, reduce that diameter in discrete steps of multiples of plank units, or in a smoother curve of a classical object in plank unit steps?

I read this article about free will and some neurologist was flaming there sabine hossenfelder for her ignorance and claims about other fields which outside her profession. https://mindmatters.ai/2019/05/can-physics-prove-there-is-no-free-will/ And than he himself talk nonsense, which is easy to prove wrong in my opinion. I think expression that probability is antithesis of randomness is flat out wrong. Because probability is chance that something happens against all other possibilities, like if you roll 1 on dice, there is chance 1/6 that it happens. But it doesn't say anything about why it happened, it could be predetermined by angle you throw it and gravitati…

I'm finishing my master studies in Theoretical Physics and my thesis is being about entanglement measures. I've read several papers in which all kind of properties that one would desire to have in a good entanglement measure are exhibit. One of these properties that one would consider fundamental is the asymptotic continuity of a entanglement measure. In particular, it's defined as follows: "One entanglement measure E in d dimensions is asymptotic continuous if for two arbitrary states ρ and σ we've in the asymptotic regime n---->∞ that ||ρ - σ|| ---> 0 with [E(ρ) - E( σ)]/log(d) ---> 0 " I can understand that for two states which are cl…

Is the Higgs boson involved in duality? If we interpret duality as energy gaining mass upon measurement, is that then the Higgs being "inserted" at measurement?

It is well known for nearly a decade now, that the discharge channel of a lightning strike is - at least to a certain degree - opened by a wave of x-ray and gamma ray, that pre-runs the electrical discharge. J. R. Dwyer did a lot of research in this topic in his article "Implications of x‐ray emission from lightning". He also made a photo of the x-ray inherited in a lightning strike, which was published by National Geographic in December 2010. Does that also include, that the electrical discharge of a lightning strike can be directed to a certain location by artifically opening a discharge channel through an x-ray or gamma-ray laser beam? If so…

I've heard some arguments that duality (the collapse of the wave function itself) is caused by quantum decoherence. Do any of you agree with that? And if you do, can you explain how decoherence collapses the wave?

Hello to everybodyIs really Born's rule verified? I can not find any experiment in bibliography that verifies Born's rule.

Hi, I'm a sixteen year old from the UK who is studying physics and hoping to do it at uni, recently I entered an essay competition with the topic being on physical constants, their effects on everyday life and what would happen should they be changed. I have chosen to do Planck's constant as quantum physics is something that interests me and I have seen it mentioned recently in news due to it replacing the IPK. However I am a bit out of my depth mathematically, and with no clear answer was wondering whether I could get peoples opinions on what they think would happen should Planck's constant be changed and how it will affect everyday life. Thanks.

I think I have heard that if there is an energetic input into an atom then a constituent electron (or electrons?) will move to a higher energetic level in the atom. Am I to see this as the same electron (s?) moving from one level to another or should I imagine the first electron disappearing from the first level and the second electron materializing at the different level? Would it be the global state that determines the local state? Also is it correct to see the locations of the electrons in their levels as being determined by probability waves and not waves in space (or should that be spacetime?)

It is speculated that a consciousness of an observer could affect the classic double-slit experiment outcome. Could it really be a case? Is it possible that it is just a particles (let say photons) which affect the electrons and change their behavior? How can you make an observation without using some physical mediators (like photons) and avoid their interaction with an observed particles (like electrons)?

What is your interpretation of the double slit experiment?

A microwave photon can not pass through a microwave mesh. If photons are point-like particles, I am confused how a photon of certain frequencies can not pass through a hole that is of significant size. When a photon of the same frequency or a photon from a radio station for example is absorbed by a material it does not excite a large group of molecules, it gets localized, hence the confusion.

Those detectors which are often used in a Double Slit Experiment are measuring devices and collapse the superposition. This is the observer effect.

Can a single particle behave as a wave? How?

Hi, I wonder why cooling things very quickly makes it permanently harder. Why won't it get back to normal hardness when the temperature goes up again? Toughened glass used in car windshields is made by cooling molten glass very quickly to make it much harder.

Bell’s inequality is S = P(a,b)-P(a,d)+P(c,b)+P(c,d) <= 2, which is calculated as S = a*b – a*d + c*b + c*d <= 2 The CHSH version is: E = (N11 + N00 - N10 -N01) / (N11 + N00 + N10 + N01) S = E1 - E2 + E3 + E4 / E1 + E2 + E3 + E4 <= 2 N11 is the number of correlations, etc E is the Correlation Coefficient There appears to be a significant difference between Bell’s and CHSH’s inequalities. For comparison, converting the Correlation Coefficient to Probability makes it possible to enter the values directly into Bell’s Inequality. The conversion to Probability is the Correlation Coefficient divided by 2 t…

Does this concept apply? Is there a method of measuring the "distance" (I have a spacetime distance in mind, probably unrealistically) of "individual" observations in any way other than statistically? For example I assume radioactive decay used in timing devices is measured statistically for that purpose. Does it make any sense to attempt to consider two "neighbouring" emissions?

I have two very simple questions: When two particles get entangled, do they settle on a spin direction instantly, or are they still in a superposition when they are separated? And if they are in a superposition after separation, how can they mirror each other when measured later?

I have imagined a idea to achieve the relativistic speed. If my idea does not work please don't josh with me and if it works then we will achieve it. We know about the compton effect. It says that, the wavelength of the emitted photon is greater than the wavelength off osculating photon. Different material have different work function. So at first, we will osculate a huge amount of photon at a required speed on a material that have a high work function. And then we will pass the emitted photons containing high wavelength through a strong magnetic field. If there is effect of magnetic field on photons, then we will be able to reshape the huge amount of photons with …

When Heisenberg stated the following, I assume he was talking about the quantum wave function as massless: The same goes for Bohr with this statement: So my question is: Are there still physicists who support that concept of a massless wave function? Or has it been abandoned totally?

There’s an explanation that may explain this experiment and solve certain paradoxes (Hardy’s for example). Current belief regarding the double slit experiment is that particles act differently when observed, as if they have a conscious. It’s a fascinating idea but there’s a much simpler explanation. I’d love to hear what others think of it. It does cost a few dollars to download the manuscript , but my mad scientist of a husband had to put a price on it since he’s given all his other ideas away for free and every time others claim them as their own (live and learn). Deleted by mod His theory can be used to explain other paradox’s and refine existing theories. Your feedbac…

Has anyone found about what are Quarks made of?

Hi, I know that liquid crystals align with the electric field and therefore are able to either let the backlight through or not depending on if the there are electricity or not. What I wonder is why do the liquid crystals align with the electric field and why does the protons of the backlight wants to go in the direction of the liquid crystals? Source: 

When we locate a particle, what we are actually doing is performing a local measurement during which we succeed to interact with the particle. Therefore, would this interpretation be plausible:1. Particles spread the whole universe, in the sense that their wave functions assign a probability to interact with it during measurements for every place in the universe.2. What the wave function represents is actually the probability of an interaction with the particle at a given place. There is no other meaning to "location". This argument seems to be supported by the EPR experiment, where it may be argued that we interact (with a particle pair in this case) on two different loc…

Now i have no classical training, I just like dot to dots. I recently came across this video while researching old languages and ties they may have to more recent discoveries in physics.... https://youtu.be/4u3f7_p1i8c I don't know enough about the Vedic teachings or superstring theory to draw any decent conclusions from this short presentation. But the gentleman in question (Dr.John Hagelin) Seems very confident and far from foolish. If his assertions are correct... the implications are profound. I have come across plenty of evidence to suggest the existence of very advanced knowledge dating back past 3,000 years. But getting a grasp on how advanced …