Chemistry

I put a pair of pure nickel strips in a solution of potassium carbonate 34% by weight to water and applied a current and voltage to them reversing the polarity a couple dozen times. and a dark black coating formed alternatingly on whichever electrode was the positive one. and the other electrode changed to a brighter nickel color. Heres a picture of one of the strips of nickel. the dark part on the right is what was in the solution. I also noted it has a voltage potential across it open circuit of about 1.23 to 1.38 volts. if I replace one of the nickel strips with a zinc strip and charge the nickel strip as the positive with zinc as the negative it rests at abo…

Hello, could someone please help me with this? Some reactions are spontaneous (with dG < 0) although they are endothermic (dH > 0). My question is: Is it possible to extract work from such a reaction? The process I understand to produce work is to heat something in a contained space and transfer the heat pressure into kinetic energy with a turbine. (Sorry I know this is not very formal). For example, this reaction is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. NH4NO3 (s) –> NH4+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) Is there a way I can get my turbine to work with this reaction? Is the Gibbs Free Energy that comes from the raise in Entropy of any use? And how …

I did a little reading, while everyone wrote, about synthesis of Sulphuric acid using Oxalic acid & Cu,Fe,Mg (Sulphates) . No one were mentioning neither anywhere mentioned Zinc sulphate (neither anyone used it in electrolysis) where Zinc Oxalate has almost same solubility as Ferric oxalate . Isn't it possible 🤔 or something I am not seeing! Where i live its much cheaper than Cu,Fe sulphates ("MgSO4 is cheapest however I don't like to use it because of lower success rate") H2C2O4(aq) + ZnSO4(aq) + (Heat??) = H2SO4(aq)+ ZnC2O4 (s) 🤕🤕

QM calculations these days are so precise, at least for the simpler species, that electron orbital transition energy levels can be calculated with great precision. This in turn defines the (minimum?) frequency of the energising photon with similar precision. The probability of receiving an energising photon of exactly the required minimum energy seems to me to approximate to zero, and yet the excitation definitely happens. What happens to the mismatch between orbital energy change and photon energy?

Can some one here explain how chemical compounds make up billions of chemicals? And why only 1% have been found and it takes a very long time to find new chemicals? Only 1% of chemicals in the universe have been discovered. Here's how scientists are hunting for the rest. The universe is flooded with billions of chemicals, each a tiny pinprick of potential. And we've only identified 1% of them. Scientists believe undiscovered chemical compounds could help remove greenhouse gases, or trigger a medical breakthrough much like penicillin did. But let’s just get this out there first: it's not that chemists aren't curious. Since Russian …

Anyone come across a chemical explanation of consciousness which involves the uniqueness of carbon?

I know that atoms or molecules near the surface of liquid or water may absorb from or lose its molecules/atoms to the surrounding. Does it also happen to solid? When two solids of the same kind or different kinds are touched, pushed, or rubbed against each other, could they exchange their molecules or atoms at the touching surface? Thanks for the concept.

There is a long story behind but since it is not related to either Chemistry or science so I am not going to explain it here. Fact is, I have a pile of dishware and cookware made of all kinds of materials commonly used for dishware/cookware e.g. ceramic, stainless steel, polypropylene, wood etc. but these dishware and cookware were dirty and had not been cleaned for at least 1 year. Some of them were soaked in dirty water and some of them were left dry but you can imagine that all kinds of bacteria and household insects should have stayed around these dishware and cookware for a long time. My question is - By common sense, I think it's still safe to use them after cl…

I watched a tv show and someone on the show said that theres a theory that if you can combine boron, argon, gallium and indium into a solor cell it would be possible to harness 100% of the suns energy. I know its a show but I just wanted to know is this a true theory or is it just completly false and theres so such history of BARGAIN. Cheers.

Hello What is methane

I know that the "expiry date" or "best before" may not actually reflect that a product will actually expire after such date. In fact, how long will isopropyl for household disinfection and pesticide will usually expire to a certain extent that it is considered useless after its manufactured and put in the containers?

I personally do not like writing with pencil or ballpoint pen and I only like to write with ink jet pen. Since I was a child, I know that only pencil and ballpoint pen can be erased, but not an ink jet pen. Recently, I only happened to find that there is an erasable ink jet pen, which sometimes even come with special eraser for it. I did never use, own, or even know that there was such thing when I was still in school. Can anyone comment if those erasable ink jet pens in the market are safe to use? I mean their chemical contents. Thanks for any comment in advance.

I heard of Hagoromo chalk, and how good it is. I wanted to make something like that. My idea was charcoal and chalk mixed together to create a smoot, doesn't get on your hands, material. The marketing campaign is for another time. But what else can I put in there? the idea is to make a batch for 10 bucks (I can get charcoal at home, and seashells are cheep, and contain calcium carbonate in them)

Remember the "Rumpelstiltskin theory" or the "Atomic adaptation theory"? Well the equation for it evolved a lot but off screen I have changed it to A=O*C A is the current state of the atom. O is the original, or the state of the last time the equation ran through (I will explain it in C) C operates as a time function and signifies change. How do I make a unit for the "State of an atom" or "Change of enviroment"?

Hello, my name is Grayson and one day, I would like to work on a project. It is a lightsaber made of tantalum hafnium carbide. It uses induction heating and convection to hopefully heat it up to 3000 degrees. There are a few thinks to think about before making the lightsaber. Number one, there has to be a heat resistant material to keep the heat away from the handles. Number two, (Optional) The handle has to be retractable, and durable (In case you have ever seen the pocket staff durability videos) and it has to be in the shape of a foil. Now the idea is that it gets so hot that it looks more "circular". Just throwing out an idea (If you make this give me credit)

For those that are curious: link.

I've seen in science fiction this special product called "dehydrated water." What it consists of is simply a can of hydrogen so that if you're in an environment that has an atmosphere with oxygen (such as what we have on Earth) when you let the hydrogen out it bonds with the oxygen in the air and makes water. The idea is that it's supposed to enable you to have access to water when you need it without having to lug around lots of water. Such a can would be smaller than a canteen and would certainly be smaller than a whole water tank, and yet it would contain enough hydrogen to be able to produce tubs full of water by bonding with oxygen. Anyway, Im wondering what th…

Perhaps committing the periodic table to memory isn't everybody's cup of tea, but it occasionally spares a bit of embarrassment if someone asks whether polonium is a pnictogen or a tetrel. It's good to be sure that it's neither. One mnemonic I quite like is - Bored Alien Gave Indians Telepathy - for the triels. Some are a bit clumsier - (Actually,) Thorin's Pack Used Napalm. Plucky Amy Came Back. Coffee Estate Farm Made No Lard. - for the Actinides. Anyone care to share their own versions, or do we no longer need rote learning now we have the internet?

I've been reading some studies that relate to food and some of the discuss the pH of solid foods, however I've also come across a post on Quora that says the following in response to a question about the pH of olive oil: So, if pH is a value that only applies to aqueous solutions, how come these studies I'm reading are giving pH values for solid foods?

When we say "sunlight fades colors" and "sunlight bleaches", does it carry similar similar meaning? How about "discolor". Is it only a different term for the same idea? There are different but contradictory results on Google. Is sun bleaching of clothes or other objects are physical or chemical change? I believe that it should be chemical change, because it is that the sun breaks the bonds and changes color of things. I'm not able to find out a general equation for such reaction. Is there any such equation? When the color of an object is faded or bleached, is there any end products during the reaction which would go away from the object? Is …

I can always find expiry dates or "best before..." on the label of different household prooducts e.g. dish soap, shampoo, hand wash, toothpaste, laundry etc. It is usually up to two or three years. However, I really doubt, could chemicals expire in such a short time e.g. a few years? Or is it only the businessmen want you to consume it quickly and buy it again quickly? In other words, if I have some of the household items suggested above which have expired for a few years after the date on the label, can I use them safely and not very ineffectively?

Hi. Recycling of solar panels will be addressed soon, if not already a thing to consider. What happens to the cell that loses some efficiency in a couple of decades ? How much is the efficiency loss ? ~20% ? What could it be in 100 years ? In my young years studying electronics, read "a transistor is theoretically eternal" The silicon in them is not exposed to sun rays but encapsulated in epoxy. Is that what makes a conservation difference ? What is the 'aging agent' ? Solar radiation ? temperature cycles ? moisture ? particles ? There is mainly two types, the monocrystalline and the polycrystalline cells. Always read about their efficienc…

A question about gunpowder or smokeless powder, whatever it is they put in ammunition. can an additive be made that would cause the ammunition not too fire when a external force is applied such as radio waves or sound wave?

1) A sample of compound X (a clear, colorless, combustible liquid with a noticeable odor) is analyzed and found to contain 14.13 g carbon and 2.96 g hydrogen. A sample of compound Y (a clear, colorless, combustible liquid with a noticeable odor that is slightly different from X’s odor) is analyzed and found to contain 19.91 g carbon and 3.34 g hydrogen. Are these data an example of the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, or neither? What do these data tell you about substances X and Y? 2)A sample of compound A (a clear, colorless gas) is analyzed and found to contain 4.27 g carbon and 5.69 g oxygen. A sample of compound B (also a clear, colo…

So I basically wanted to make calcium acetate. So I took some vinegar and egg shells, mixed them and kept them in a container fr about about 3 weeks. I kept an excess of eggs and it finally stopped reacting. After that, I transferred the water and calcium acetate without the shells or the egg layer using a filter. I later left the cup to evaporate fr about 2 weeks and a mostly transparent, yellowish layer started forming on top. Is is calcium acetate?