Chemistry

ADP+phosphate+magntic energy = ATP? Is it doable? P.S Inifinite ATP like battery renewal

I keep hearing that epsom salts are good salts to electrolyze, because the sulfate ion is supposedly stable enough not to break down into sulfur or oxides thereof from the electricity. However, something like the carbonate ion, in the context of carbonic acid, breaks down spontaneously; carbonic acid breaks down into carbon dioxide and water vapour without any electrical current at all needing to be applied. Is there any table of known products of electrolysis, and/or handy rulebook for predicting them?

1) Eastern Roman Empire invented gunpowder. Greek fire, its chief ingredient was saltpeter and sulfur, making it an early form of gunpowder. 2) Chinese did not have gun till 1990. In the 16th century , European believed that a few thousand soldiers can conquer China. -- "The Spanish Plan to Conquer China." In 1900, a small European army took Beijing and lost only 60 soldiers. Battle of Peking (1900) , Wikipedia Photo No2. Russian army in Beijing. 3) China imported European cannons. Hongyipao was the Chinese name for European style muzzle-loading culverins introduced to China and Korea from the P…

Is there any concept about low or Heavy weight oil in essential oil? Is there any spices that classified as low or Heavy weight oil when steam distillation? Are we need salt with Lavender , Lemon or other plants during making essential oil via steam distillation?

Is it known how amino-acids, dipeptides, tripeptides and larger peptides react on heat/electricity ? Is an amino acid more prone to survive heat/electricity then a tripeptide? The same question for carbohydrates.

Guys, I'm having trouble with another really basic concept so I hope you can sort me out. Let's just look at the spherical orbitals. In the usual diagrams the 1s orbital completely is inside the 2s orbital. But Pauli excludes this. Is the 2s orbital actually a sphere with a (1s size) hole inside of it? This overlap can be carried through to the 2p etc orbitals. In a massive atom that inner sanctum of 1s volume, against Pauli, could get very busy. Cheers

I'm trying to fathom what is happening when an atom has additional (or fewer!) neutrons than the number of protons - different atomic isotopes. Generally I understand that chemical properties are set by the quantity of protons/electrons and the relationship or "closeness" that the electron orbit has to the valence electrons. (Happy to have my clumsy language corrected). Why does/can a nucleus adopt additional or fewer protons - at all? Then it seems to make a little sense that the more massive nucleus might have "space" for additional protons - why does it happen with hydrogen? What are the differences in chemical properties for different isotopes and why? I und…

Hi I wonder if we can reduce the quantity of salt (mostly Cl- and Ca2+) from water by electrolysis and still be safe to drink. I know that with inert electrods (not sure wich ones although) Cl- would be trun into Cl2(g) and I'm concerned by its toxicity even though it's going in the air. But I'm don't know what's going on about the Calcium: if it can be precipitated or if I can't get rid of it and will just need to adjust the pH. Thanks

(I don't know a lot about science so pls explain things simply I had an idea and I want to know if it would work, and if so what kind of energy it would need to do it big scale. My idea is to connect a reverse osmosis module to an electrolysis device to produce hydrogen and oxygen from brine. If this works, would it be able to be used on a submarine/ship to extract hydrogen for fuel? Thanks!

I am unsure if I'm posting this in the right section, but nonetheless I require specialized assistance in verifying my understanding of vibrational frequencies of molecules and atoms with regard to the atmospheric insulative effects of various gases. My current understanding is that "vibrational frequency" is what I've formerly called "resonant frequency" with regard to the effects of sound, but if I am in error, please correct me. Now, relating light to sound, frequencies above resonance should reflect off of the particle since the particle is too massive to move at that frequency and frequencies below resonance should pass through the particle with minimal int…

Like the title says, the theory confuses me. All the online resources I've looked through simply gave me the definition of the theory and factors affecting which ions discharge at each electrode during electrolysis. My question is, why does only one type of cation and one type of anion get discharged at all? I've been trying to think of this with the classic example, aqueous NaCl solution with inert electrodes. I have Na+ and H+ cations in solution, and PD theory states that only H+ ions get discharged at the cathode. What I don't get is, Na+ ions collide with the cathode as well, right? Why have I been told that it doesn't get reduced at all? Now, my hypothesis is that t…

Hi all, I've recently been browsing all I can on Saltwater cells (well technically galvanic cells) Yet I cant seem to find an explanation as to why the saltwater solution needs to be changed in the cell? From what I've gathered through google searching the salt in the solution is not used up but I can't figure out why the cell begins to fade after X amount of time (cleaning the anode and cathode does not seem to do anything) Any help on the subject would be vastly appreciated! Google does a poor job of finding detailed results and most "Science" pages give the general principle of the cells operation but no details of why the solution needs to be replaced. …

I have Two questions I wont help please 1. Why Na2C2O4 solution is heated during standardization of KMnO4 solution? 2. Is it possible to determine Fe2+ in unknown sample by titration with Na2C2O4 standard solution? If yes how and if no why? thanks for helping

Can some help me on this please, desperately needs help, An open straight-blade turbine of diameter 0.82 m is used to stir reaction mixtures in a 20 m3 batch with baffles. The mixture to be stirred is composed of 15% NaOH solution with phenyl acetate reflux. Given that the power of the agitator is fixed at 0.52 kW, how many r/min of the turbine is possible? Given that Po = 1.07; density = 1890 kg/m3; viscosity = 1.2 Ns/m2 Determine: (i) The r/min (rpm ) for the turbine. (ii) Determine the emean value for the vessel. …

I am quite interested in knowing what kind of chemicals they use to coat metallic furniture, usually referred to as "Epoxy". As far as I know, there could be several varieties of combinations, anybody can provide some insight? Peace.

For a science fair project, I am going to test some various organic dye sources and see how that affects the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. I was curious if I needed a specific type or titanium dioxide or if normal TiO2 would work if I friended it in a mortar and pestle. Any information would be appericiated, thanks.

hi, I have a question How can you control the end point of the reaction? thanks for answers

I am reading about the emission spectrum; an electron returning to its resting state emits a wavelength associated with a color. My question is, since there are generally several bands of color present themselves for each element, which one do we see when we put a flame to an element? For example, if there is a red, green, and violet band, will the light we see be red, green, or violet? Thank you. Thank you.

By mixing ammonium nitrate, sodium chloride, and zinc powder, and adding water, you can cause the mixture to ignite. However, I've tried this experiment, with different protocols (see below), and it still doesn't ignite with the addition of water. Reworked protocols: -Ground up ammonium nitrate from from cold packs. Ground up NaCl. Mixed nitrate, salt and zinc powder thoroughly. Added water, no reaction. -Ground up ammonium nitrate and NaCl together. Added salt mixture to zinc powder. Mixed thoroughly. Added water, no reaction. -Ground up ammonium nitrate and KCl together. Added salt mixture to zinc powder. Mixed thoroughly. Added water,…

I was recently messing around and put a copper wire into a ethyl alcohol flame, the flame turned green from its typical blue, why does this happen? Heres a vid of it so you can see it occur

Hi all, I want to add a powder to 100% propylene glycol 1 litre and make a 0.02% solution How do i calculate that?

Hello! I have to find whether the N or the O are better at giving electrons to react in a lewis acid base. I think that since O is more electronegative it will not do a good job at giving up electrons because it wants more to fill its octet while N is less electronegative it will be better at giving its electrons to B in the BH3 molecule. Is there more to this? or would the N bond better to the BH3 than O in all for molecules? Thank you in advance for your help!

A student performed successive recrystallizations on an impure mixture where there was a 10% by weight impurity. After one recrystallization, she obtained 80% of the original weight of crystals back. After a second recrystallization, she obtained 60% of the original weight of crystals back. After a third recrystallization, she obtained 40% of the original weight of crystals back. If the original amount of contaminant was only 10%, why did she only obtain 40% of the final pure product? …

Despite being only 13, me and a friend were thinking of new ways to advance automotive travel. We came up with the idea of a hydrogen-powered engine powered by water, but after further research found that our idea was already a reality. I then thought of a new option: why not use a human by-product like urine? I'd seen it done before with vegetable oil, so why not use a similar reaction involving electrolysis to extract hydrogen from the urine? Responses to my theory please.

I have been trying to make a ferrofluid with magnetite of size around 1um, the results, not quite fluid alike. It is the commercial available powder magnetite of ~1um, i used about 1 spatula of powder, 20ml of baby oil(serves as carrier), 2ml of oleic acid(serves as surfactant), i put them on a hot plate magnetic stirrer, heat it up while stirring(without using magnetic stir bar as i can see the solution flowing because of the strong magnetic response of magnetite). after around 15 minutes i have a look on the solution, it seems quite similar to the ferrofluid seen online. i place a magnet near it, spikes are forming, but the sad part is that, it separates into…