Microbiology and Immunology

Hi everyone, I have started a blog mini-series on superbugs in an attempt to increase awareness of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This week we look at Pseudomonas aeruginosa. url deleted

Merely a student trying to wrap my head around the fact that this virus has caused so many complications and detriment to society, I had some questions with regards to the vaccination development process. Since I am not physically in a laboratory, there is minimal and dare I say vague information available to the public eye. If someone is aware of any resources besides the CDC and the NIH that really dig into the nitty gritty and the specifics of what is going on, it would be greatly appreciated if that information was shared. I am not sure if private laboratories are published findings at this time. That being said, the first question I have is the type of vaccine.…

Here is my Coronavirus question for anyone. If I am jogging around my neighborhood in the morning, and somebody with Coronavirus sneezed or coughed at the sidewalk in front of their house, just before I pass by the very spot, how long is the virus dangerous to me? Even if the wind speed is almost zero, the droplets will drift, dilute, and disburse, but it could drift in the wrong direction for someone passing by. Don't the droplets evaporate leaving the virus high and dry? Then does the sunlight not kill the high and dry virus? How long does it take sunlight to kill the airborne virus after a cough or sneeze?

hi i was looking online for some help about returning bites and read a topic very close to the problem i have but the post is closed now i have a bite on my leg that has been there for at least 6+ years most of the time i dont even realise i have it but every now and again i will itch and boom it start to irritate then bleed then heal up untill i sratch it again anyone have any ideas what this could be

For years, since about mid 2005, I started getting severe abdominal muscle spasms from just a slight bending down movement. It does not happen all the time, but any quick jerking motion will set off severe muscle spasms for me. That is a symptom of Tetanus. I think its exotoxin tetanolysin can bind to cholesterol and lipid protein coats like the one Corona virus has. Plus, Enterococcus faecalis has a detergent exotoxin that can break down lipid protein coats like the one Corona has. Do I have a built-in, pre-existing vaccine against Corona with those two bacteria?

Serious question. Some are saying that the antibodies do not last, however if this is true then the vaccine antibodies are also not permanent making the vaccine temporary for the current strain and useless to the new mutated strains evolving

Hello, good morning. I am a biology student interested on immunoloogy field and I found a question in a book (Kuby immunology, 7th edition) I really can't understand why it is like that. I would be grateful for your help. Clinical Focus Question: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were transplanted from a woman into a genetically unrelated man whose hematopoietic system was destroyed by radiation. Some of the received HSC cells differentiated into pancreas, liver, and heart cells. T lymphocytes that resulted from the same donated HSCs do not attack the host, nor do they attack the pancreas, liver, and heart cells that resulted from the same HSCs1. I don't understand…

I have read that Asymptomatic people are making others sick. The term seems simple enough, but the I apparently don’t have a clear understanding of what it means. In specific, one no symptoms appear And the disease goes through its natural course. 2nd the person is sick allowing the spread but symptoms are delayed. The disease goes through its natural course. 3rd the person is a constant carrier never showing any symptoms. This to me would seem to be an unnatural corse? The earned immunity person? A bus driver told me the other day he had had Corona already so he shouldn’t have to bother with a mask. His thinking being, that because he has devel…

I believe a hospital document is needed to share disinfectant systems for air conditioners, filter systems for diseases and number of change outs of air per hour for the hospitals and each room. This document should be available on line and I call it HSDS (Hospital Safety Data Sheets) like MSDS (Material Safety Data sheets)

Hi, I have chronic bacterial prostatitis for 8 years now. I sent a culture and they found heavy growth of Citrobacter Koseri in my prostate. Is citrobacter koseri normal flora or is it pathogenic ? My doc doesn’t know. I have sexual symptoms and urinary symptoms and I don’t know if this bacteria is causing it..desperate for some answers

So I'm not sure if this is in the correct topic area, but if not please feel free to move it. My sister was diagnosed with bowl cancer about 6 weeks ago. She was given options of surgery or chemo. Having opted for the chemo after 2 weeks the chemo has taken serious effects. Tests must have now shown that my sister has no em-zines which I'm to understand counteract the chemo. She is now in ICU and they are going to reassess her Monday. My thinking based on what I've seen suggests that there might not be a lot of hope for a positive outcome. Not really knowing or understanding about this subject, I was thinking and wondering why they can't reverse the process? …

Some acquaintances of mine have been trying to convince me to try autohemotherapy (also called autologous blood therapy), which is a practice that consists of extracting venous blood and re-injecting into the muscle and (from what they've told me) has the goal of either curing skin conditions or strengthening the immune system. I've read online about it and it sounds pretty much like quackery; it was even banned in Brazil for a lack of scientific support to it. Anyway, with the aim of proving to me its efficacy and refute the accusations of pseudoscience they showed me the results of two complete blood counts taken with a difference of one day. One is before taking t…

Why are some bacterial strains within the same serovar and definite phage type responsible for causing outbreaks while others are not? Could it be just die to chance or are there genetic differences that could result in certain strains being associated to outbreaks?

Hello you all, The World Health Organization published a recipe for a disinfecting hydroalcoholic mixture who.int (I saw it in English too) and refineries could produce it the big way. It's not exactly a gel, but the function is the same. Ethanol can be obtained without delay from water and from ethylene, abundant in refineries. Glycerine is a by-product of palm oil processing, especially to make biodiesel. Some refineries or companies do both. I understand pasteurization can replace hydrogen peroxide. If not, produce it. Water is available in many countries. Equipment existing at refineries must be too dirty, so new one must be ad…

Hi, Ive been looking at the numbers for radiation, UVA & UVB since its seems to be the one which a greater amount reaches the surface. A. From what I was able to gather, at noon we get a max of about 11uW/cm2 which i believe translates to 0.1W/m2. B. Studies i found online stated between 1-250 J/m2 required to inactivate them over a range of microbes including virus. C. I believe that means that 0.1W/m2 we get at noon, over 10 s = 1J/m2, which would be the lowest threshold and 2500s would result in the upper threshold of 250J/m2. So 41 minutes at noon is a nominal approximation for the time required on a sunny day (say at latitude 15 …

While reading The Modern Prometheus the other day, a specific passage got my attention; the one where Frankenstein meets two of his college teachers, the one being Krempe who told him to discard all of the ancient natural philosophy knowlegde he had, and rather gaze to modern forms of it. The other, professor Waldman, who instead tells Frakenstein not to discard said knowledge at all, for that is the base and core of everything we've achieved so far. Then, a specific person came to my mind: Edward Jenner. Called by many "The father of inmunology". Of course, he comes to mind in regards of the current situation we are in. Jenner was merely a curious man, a literateur …

Hello, In qPCR, is there an optimal concentration for primers with a total volume of 20ul per reaction? Thanks for your answer in advance!

Hi, Can anyone mention some key *human* gut (large intestine) bacterial species that are considered beneficial, confirmed by peer-reviewed research? There is a lot of literature establishing links between diseases and higher or lower diversity or with particular species of gut bacteria, plus there is a lot of variation from person to person in terms of microbial composition. But, is there a consensus on some gut bacterial species that are beneficial to the body, and commonly found in anyone? Thanks! Freddy

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200315/Wearing-masks-may-increase-your-risk-of-coronavirus-infection-expert-says.aspx Panic buying and the hoarding of face masks to protect from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may not be a good idea, says a health expert. It puts you at an increased risk of contracting the virus. Dr. Jenny Harries, England's deputy chief medical officer, has warned that it was not a good idea for the public to wear facemasks as the virus can get trapped in the material and causes infection when the wearer breathes in. No matter to me as I have not worn and will not wear a mask................... However I wonder, do the people…

I noticed that this study https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985 (SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence) has been altered from the original paper published in 2015. It is missing 6 references that appeared in the original paper published. Here is the archived paper: https://archive.is/hY83J#selection-2449.0-3661.1 Is there any reason why these references would be removed from a paper? There is no disclaimer on the paper that is currently up saying that there was an alteration from the original paper except for the funding norice.

We all know the reports of microbiome transplant allevating symptoms of autism and even changing some personality traits. What would happen if you transplant a microbiome from another species (a tiger for example) into a human?

I noticed that this study https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985 (SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence) has been altered from the original paper published in 2015. It is missing 6 references that appeared in the original paper published. Here is the archived paper: https://archive.is/hY83J#selection-2449.0-3661.1 Is there any reason why these references would be removed from a paper? There is no disclaimer on the paper that is currently up saying that there was an alteration from the original paper except for the funding notice.

My child was young. He was very sensitive for cold. Even small change in weather causes cough & throat infection. Even antibiotic gives very temporary relief to him. I think about this problem & do some different thing different. I give medicine & side by side, I mix 1/4 tablespoon of turmeric in bowl of water. I give 1 tablespoon of that very dilute turmeric water to my child after every 1/2 an hour for a complete day. So that his throat will be yellow from inside always. I find that this give him relief early. Sometime even medicine is not require for mild infection. & today his immunity for cough is improved. --------------…

Recent antibody testing in NY state & CA (LA and Santa Clara) suggest that at least 10 times the known infected have already contracted and resolved the virus My question - for positive SARS-2 antibody test, in conjunction with neg PCR test, how does one know elevated antibodies are due to SARS-2 infection vs flu, or some other infection, as IgM persists many months after a flu infection resolves? Are there subtypes of IgG and IgM specific to SARS-2?

Hello everyone! What do you think about misusing coffee filters as makeshift face masks against Covid-19? Several countries lack face masks in the present epidemic. At least the shape fits the function. Cut the paper to fit the face better. Hold it on the face with surgical tape across the whole rim. Whether paper is good? Under rain it won't last long. The pores in a coffee filter are wider than a virus, but I understand a face mask stops only the droplets that contain the viruses. Marc Schaefer, aka Enthalpy