MigL

Well, I wouldn't call York 'quaint'; it is larger than the city I live in. Although it does have many historical attractions ( for myself, at least ). As opposed to Poznan ( also with its many historical attractions ) Maybe you should get out to visit some of the smaller towns of a few thousand people, where everyone knows everyone else. That's where you find a real sense of 'community'; and every country has them. Big city life often forces a certain amount of detachment between inhabitants. In some BIG cities, people live, work, shop, and get their entertainment in their hi-rise building. Downtown Toronto ( one hour away ) is one such city; I don't like that kind of life, so I don't live there. Incidentally, I was born in a little town in South-central Italy, of 4000 inhabitants Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi - Wikipedia which I would definitely call 'quaint'. Oh, and today I learned where you were born, and you learned where I was born.

A visit to Poland is on my bucket list. You may be a bit too critical of the UK; it has its fair share of 'quaint'.

You're going to have to explain how you would accomplish that. As far as I know, a known method to achieve high speed underwater, is to envelop a torpedo in a sheath of air; the opposite og cavitation. Russians have experimented with such methods, using H2O2 to generate the sheath. The Kursk ( Russian nuclear sub ) incident of 2000 in the Barents Sea, is attributed to high strength Peroxide leaking from a faulty weld, into the torpedo tube, catalyzing a fatal explosion.

Bedford was the research site of the RAE ( Royal Aeronautical Establishment ) until 1994, and was the British equivalent of DARPA, with a supersonic wind tunnel. It oversaw prototype work and assessed whether manufacturer's proposals met Operational Requirement. Surrey was the home of Vickers-Armstrong and Hawker Aircraft, which later became Hawker Siddeley, at nearby Kingston upon Thames, under the guidance of the late Sir Sidney Camm, for 40 years. Vickers-Armstrong, and others, became part of BAC prior to the TSR-2 debacle, and later Hawker Siddeley was also folded into present day BAE. Incidentally, Westland, the helicopter manufacturer ( that used to do aircraft ) at Yeovil ( Somerset ), is now a fully owned subsidiary of Leonardo, an Italian company. Don't you Brits have any pride in your aeronautical history, and past accomplishments ?

I stay away from American swill also. Give me a crisp, cold Heineken ( Peroni, Stella, Konigsberg, Tsing Tao, or any beer brewed in the German tradition ) any day. Although a cold Guinness draught in a can can be quite refreshing.

"Trump Says Intelligence Played No Role in His Decision" Nor for the people who voted for him.

When I hear names like Surrey and Bedford, Britain's post-war aviation history comes to mind. Not beer, or that warm slop you Englishmen call beer 😄 .

I was just thinking of cavitation, as in pumps or submarine screw propellers, which is capable of breaking impellers. And loud enough togive away the position of the submarine to sonar.

They were excluded because the belief that celestial bodies affected human life pre-dated science as we know it. IOW, those were the only planets visible with the naked eye, to the high priests of the ancients. IOW, Astrology is NOT a science; take it somewhere else.

That's interesting. Granular solids can be made to act like liquids. We regularly 'float' Sulphur prills, or flakes, on a cushion of N2 pressure, so it acts 'liquidy', and we can suck it under vacuum into a reactor for dithionation processes ( flakes need different N2 pressure than prills ) at my work. This effect is also seen in avalanches and land-slides. By the way, @studiot , there is no such thing as a true 'two by four'.

So gases ( like air ) can 'fracture' also, at the shock line between supersonic and subsonic flow. ( just glad to be discussing something other than made-up 'theories of everything', or drug induced 'consciousness' in QM ) True, but they also adapt to reflector 'astigmatism' induced by differing mirror orientations. ( astigmatism is different curvature along different radial axis; I have plenty on my corneas due to scar tissue from many operations )

Graphics cards rely on massively paralleled 'simple' processors that are optimized for shifting bits /bytes/words. Complex processors ( Intel/AMD ) can do many more complex operations. The 'simple' processors are adequate for the tasks required for AI/bitcoin mining, yet the thousands of cores in them will dissipate as much power as a complex processor with 8 cores. Which would you use ?

The 'sum over paths' is a QM formulation where most paths destructively interfere with each other in phase space ( involving the complex action ), leaving only the observed path. We do note destructive interference of photons in the double slit experiment, but, as it is the 'wave nature' of the photon that is interfering ( not the 'particle nature' ), one might wonder if the two 'natures', or properties of the photon, shift in and out of phase space, depending on the experiment being performed, thereby accounting for interference effects with single photons.

Maybe 'flow' was the wrong word to use. I believe the specs for the Mt Palomar reflector/mirror are available, and I would love to see a 'back of the envelope' analysis of the amount of sag ( is that better ? ) in the mirror that the glass would experience between the vertical, and the low horizon, positions. And how does the sag increase with even larger mirrors ? I believe Mt Palomar is still the largest ground based mirror assembly for the last 75 years; why have no larger ones been built ? Otherwise, why go to segmented mirrors, or adaptive/deformable mounts ?

Very well; see if you can solve this problem ... The membership of this forum is being terribly annoyed by a poster making non-sensical posts. Can we get him to stop, short of banning him ? Think you can prove that ?

I do remember reading that one of the reasons for space based telescopes, other than mitigation of atmospheric effects, was that large glass mirrors, like the 200 inch Mt Palomar, will 'flow' over time,due to gravity, and give rise to optical defects.

My understanding was that any amorphous solid is technically a 'liquid', albeit a very slow flowing one, due to intermolecular bonds that are too weak to form a regular crystalline structure. Examples being glass or amorphous Aluminum alloys, and certain other inorganic glass ceramics.

Another thing to keep in mind ... As you mentioned, Li-Ion batteries don't like overcharging, and if you keep your battery at 100%, or plugged into the charger for continuous periods, it will 'over-charge', and reduce your battery's longevity. I know Samsung phones ( such as mine ) have a feature in the settings that only allows a charge to 85% to mitigate this problem. Not sure about iPhones as I don't have one, but I've ruined many laptop batteries over the years, by keeping the plugged into the charger continuously.

Yeah. As Stringy says, these 'tendrils' that form internally, short out the battery and make it useless. I've 'rejuvenated' old Ni-Cd cells and Ni-MH cells in the past, by using a higher charging voltage to burn the 'tendrils' and fix the internal shorting, but Li-Ion have so much protection built in ( some actually microprocessor controlled ) that it's virtually impossible, unless you open the battery case, take out the individual cells, and rejuvenate them individually before reassembling in the battery case.

We don't do astrology here. Take this crap somewhere else.

I also recently read where Qatar has shut down its LNG production plant because of the war. This plant supplies one third of the world's liquid Helium, and there is now a shortage of liquid Helium used for such things as MRI diagnostic machines. It's amazing how many things were not taken into consideration before D Trump was pulled into this war by B Netanyahu. If its not V Putin pulling on his puppet strings, it's another war criminal ...

Nice, simple, understandable explanation, @exchemist . Now, do you want to explain why the price of gold, the other commodity you mentioned, is in free fall ? ( the fact that all commodities are tied to the US Dollar )

I've made it to 67; I'm surprised you made it past puberty.

He's got a plan to get out of Iran too ... He's already drafting plans to distract people with an invasion of Cuba. This is the first Presidency where day-to-day news of the Administration's actions would be a joke if they weren't so seriously affecting the world.

What do you mean ? According to D Trump, this is the second time they've beaten Iran in less than a year. Just last summer they completely destroyed and obliterated ( contrary to his own Intelligence services ) Iran's ability to make nuclear weapons, but Iran is so advanced they were able to rebuild, and threaten the world again, in a few short months !!! Similarly, that little girl will come back to threaten his Presidency real soon.