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They didn't. The Babylonians divided the circle in 360 degrees. They then defined a "degree of time" as how long it took the Sun to travel 1 degree in the Sky, which they then divided into 60 minutes of 60 seconds each( we still see this in the practice of measuring angles in degree, minutes, seconds.) Thus the Babylonian minute and second were not the same duration as our modern one. The division of the day into hours was an invention of the Greeks. It wasn't until the middle ages that the two systems were combined, making the hour divisible in the same way that the Babylonian degree of time was. So, there is no mystery, as it is the result of cobbling together two different time keeping systems.

The bottom line here is Kirchoff's Law of Thermal Radiation which is often expressed as: If this were not true then there could be spontaneous nett heat flow from a cool body to a hotter one which simply doesn't happen. However, the proviso 'in thermal equilibrium' is key since 'arbitrary bodies' can have widely different emissivities at different wavelengths corresponding to different equilibrium temperatures. This is where the misunderstandings arise. Taking an arbitrary example quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissivity Here the absorptivity is with reference to thermal equilibrium radiation at the surface temperature of the sun, whereas the emissivity is with reference to local thermal equilibrium in the vicinity of the collectors. The collectors are NOT in thermal equilibrium with the surface of the sun. Without the temperature difference, there would be no loophole to exploit. Okay so far. But note that emission by the antennae is NOT independent of the temperature of the antennae, The receiver does not reradiate incident solar radiation because it is not at the same equilibrium temperature. Therefore there is an asymmetry between absorption and emission that can be exploited. But refer to the relevant paragraph in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rectenna The proposal neglects to consider the equivalence of absorptivity and emissivity at thermal equilibrium. So it falls foul of Kirchoff's Law, and by logical extension, the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

Poor math and reading comprehension it seems. I.e. forgetting that more than 58% were vaccinated (i.e. the rate of deaths in vaccinated folks is disproportionately lower) and just a few lines further in the article it is even explained that the unvaccinated folks were at over 8-fold more likely to die. While not tangential to OP, it suggest that the poster has a habit of either being very uninformed and/order argue in bad faith, as they obviously do not even read what they are linking.

I know it's off-topic, but I feel the need to say that the message of the article is for people to keep up-to-date with their COVID-19 booster shots, not that the COVID-19 vaccines do not work!

You didn’t say re-check, you said confirm. The confirmation is with which instrument detects the photon. The photon no longer exists by the time you know this. I have to say that your line of inquiry smacks of bad faith and has gotten rather tiresome. People have sincerely engaged with you and given you good information. Their reward has been a bunch of attitude.

Cooking involves applying heat to foodstuffs. Most always externally, as with fire, electrical heating elements, or even infrared radiation. A microwave oven works by pumping microwave radiation ( which is NOT hot ) into the foodstuffs. This microwave radiation is at the right wavelength/frequency to stretch/bend the intramolecular bonds of water ( and few other materials ), thereby heating the water, which then cooks/boils the foodstuffs. IOW, no internal water content ... no cooking. Haven't you ever wondered why the glass tray inside your microwave doesn't heat up ? That would seem very much like 'internal' cooking to me. Hard to dispel a 'myth' that happens to be true.

Hey we're just some guys talking online. I don't think you're in the tinfoil hat brigade, nor is anybody else among the regulars here. It's a speculation thread so there's no reputational stake in speculating. I couldn't personally assess the severity of hiding data (versus, say, just bureaucratic rules being followed by office drones who had no interest in expediting scientific sharing of info). I grew up a few miles from where Hynek's family was from, knew people in that community, have heard nothing but good things about his integrity and allegiance to principles of sound science and objectivity. I think he did a good job of pointing out procedural problems and misdirected resources with Project Blue Book. I sometimes wonder if politicians like UAP hearings as a means of distraction from the obvious failure of Congress to do its job. KAOS - should someone enlist the help of Maxwell Smart?

Not stated but used in the solution is the series expansion of [math]\cos \phi[/math]: [math]\cos \phi = 1 - \dfrac{\phi^2}{2} + \dfrac{\phi^4}{24} - \dfrac{\phi^6}{720} + \cdots = \displaystyle \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{(-1)^j}{(2j)!} x^{2j}[/math] For [math]\phi \approx 0[/math], the terms after [math]\dfrac{\phi^2}{2}[/math] can be ignored, and the closer [math]\phi[/math] is to [math]0[/math], the better [math]1 - \dfrac{\phi^2}{2}[/math] is as an approximation of [math]\cos \phi[/math]. In the limit of [math]\phi \to 0[/math] ([math]n \to \infty[/math]), the approximation is effectively exact. But [math]\phi[/math] can't be exactly [math]0[/math] ([math]\cos 0 = 1[/math]) because then the ratio of the total area of the small circles to the area of the large circle in the limit of [math]n \to \infty[/math] becomes indeterminate. Thus: [math]\cos^2 \phi = (1 - \dfrac{\phi^2}{2})^2 = 1 - \phi^2 + \dfrac{\phi^4}{4} = 1 - \phi^2[/math] for [math]\phi \to 0[/math] (ignoring the [math]\dfrac{\phi^4}{4}[/math] term) [math]2(1 + \cos \phi) = 2 + 2(1 - \dfrac{\phi^2}{2}) = 4 - \phi^2[/math] for [math]\phi \to 0[/math] Also, solving the quadratic equation involved carefully ignoring the higher order terms, leaving only the term that is linear in [math]\phi[/math].

I don't know where you got those numbers from, but have you interpreted [math]\alpha (R-r)[/math] as [math]\alpha[/math] as a function of [math]R-r[/math] instead of [math]\alpha[/math] multiplied by [math]R-r[/math]? [math]\alpha[/math] is the ratio of the radius of the second outermost circle to the radius of the outermost circle. It is also the ratio of the distance between the centre of the large circle and the center of the second outermost circle to the distance between the centre of the large circle and the center of the outermost circle. Thus, [math]\alpha r[/math] is the radius of the second outermost circles, and [math]\alpha (R-r)[/math] is the distance between the centre of the large circle and the center of the second outermost circle. I chose to define the ratio [math]\alpha[/math] rather than the radius and distance themselves. Much of the solution was about finding the value of [math]\alpha[/math], and even then, only for very large values of [math]n[/math]. It should be noted that the same value [math]\alpha[/math] describes both ratios because the second and subsequent outermost layers of circles are scaled down versions of the outermost layer of circles.

I will add to this that all of these methods transfer heat, from outside-in. Microwaves do not do this, as MigL and JCM have described. It’s not outside-in, but it is depositing energy to the interior, and somebody probably decided to describe that as inside out. Which it kinda-sorta is, but not necessarily center-out. The poor pop-sci description persists because zombie descriptions are hard to kill, when they are so easy to repeat.

Never? The microwave wavelengths are chosen for good penetration into the food. Although the food nearest the surface does tend to absorb more than food further, the food further can actually get hotter as the thermal energy has further to go to escape and may also, depending on the microwave design, and the geometry and any lack of homogeneity of the food, actually absorb more than a similar volume near the surface. So the temperature can build up more toward the middle depending on quite a number of factors.. So sometimes the food does actually cook from the inside out, even if this wasn't the explanation given to you as a non scientist, by an advertiser non scientist.

It's hard to put a stop to an urban legend. For instance the majority of the republicans in the USA think the last presidential election was fraudulent. Never underestimate the stupidity of people.

That's ok, I was curious. How did you solve the second problem?

The thing about extremists is, they don't always tell the truth; which, it turns out, is more common than you think...

You can't just recycle it, because of "entropy", but you may be able to get some further use out of it, depending on the circumstances. The basic problem is that heat energy is the kinetic energy of random motion of atoms and molecules. It is thus in a sense "disordered" and cannot be completely re-ordered again. All non-reversible processes lead to an increase in entropy, which means (loosely speaking) a dispersion of energy in a way that cannot be completely recovered. However waste heat from many processes can be put to further use. For example waste heat from power stations can heat homes, commercial greenhouses, or swimming pools. And heat pumps can raise the temperature of heat energy from ambient air or the ground to something useful for home heating, although some extra energy has to be put in to do that. High temperature heat energy has lower entropy than low temperature heat energy, so the higher the temperature the more uses it can be put to. Machines like car engines and power station turbines are "heat engines", which rely on converting high temperature heat energy into mechanical work. However, due to the disordered nature of heat energy, they can't convert 100% of it, so there is always waste heat rejected from any heat engine, usually more than half of it in fact. I've tried to explain this in simple words, but really you need to read about the second law of thermodynamics and a bit about the concept of entropy, to see what the limitations are.

Well, if Dim is OK with the reactions he got, we better, close the thread, before a herd of 'oobermenschen' invades it... Otherwise, silence is the answer.

Sometimes? 😆 Much obliged btw. My first thought is that this is just a sampling bias. As in… It’s always existed with similar commonality, but you just happen to see it now more often. It takes on a heavier significance in your mind than it really deserves since it seems more frequent than it did before when our datasets were limited to the local herald and balding neighbors.

Sometimes INow can be a pompous ass, but most of the time he's bang on the money with his reasoning, and has a low threshold for suffering fools. Sorry, I could only reverse one of the three neg reps. Is it just me, or does anyone else see an incongruence between the recent technology of the internet having spawned an interest in our ancestral ties to nature that is classified as paganism ?

..you are "borken" too, I am afraid..

Welp, if you ever show up again I'll give you my opinion...

(apparently) dead?; or stressy & still alive. Why would the Babylonians use 60 divisions, e.g. for minutes & seconds; & (=but) then (suddenly, break that pattern, &) divide the day into (only) 24 hours? That does NOT make sense (to me), unless there was something important about (also) 60 hours. 1. E.g. Anthro(a)pology? Rising (ruffly) on the 3rd day, apparent death. Recommendations exist nowadays to delay burials 1..2 days to prevent being buried alive. https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/death/) (PS: But accidents still happen.) 2. (Psychologically) astrologically (=Psychologically, historical repeating social tendency, (1880s?) statistics: Moods & attitudes. Behavioral clock & calendar. E.g. Peoples’ emotions can be influenced (disturbed) by electromagnetic disturbances, from solar storms, (solar) wind & (their) turbulences, e.g. The Earth’s location orientation wrt angle to a (sidereal) source. E.g. (Radiation) illnesses). Most scientists prefer to ignore the statistics’s tendencies (trends, arrow_scope=direction [H]oro[w]scope). Kepler was an astrologer. Estimating past & future behaviour. I've noticed stressy (psychological) levels (here, on Earth). ~2 days good, & (followed by) ~2 days bad. (They are irregular.) The extra 1/2 (day) would be part of the 3rd day. Maybe (it'( i)s) a (stressy) solar_wind (electromagnetic) shielding, deflection; caused by the moon? Who knows? (The numbers DON'T add up otherwise.) Why 24 (divisions, for a day)? --- (Something else must have been more important (valuable) (to people back then) for the factor 60 [hours]. --- Appendix: Apparent death (Scheintod) is still alive. (It'( i)s NOT Fake(d) death.) https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/death/ Death is the cessation of life, but where life ends and death begins is not always clear. Death is an ambiguous term referring to the cessation of life. Death "can" be diagnosed if a patient meets the criteria for brain death or cardiopulmonary death. (PS: That "can" ((also) means) Even if NOT completely dead!) Apparent death o Reduction of vital function to a minimum, creating the appearance of death without signs of certain death o Misdiagnosing apparent death as clinical death can have grave consequences such as postponing vital care, false alarms for organ donation, and unnecessary emotional stress for family members. · Uniform determination of death act o In the US, legal provisions regarding death and the clinical examinations or legal investigations it may entail vary from state to state. o However, all states have adopted the “Uniform determination of death act” (1981), which specifies that the determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards and depends on either cardiopulmonary death or brain death. --- · Clinical death (somatic/systemic death): a term for the cessation of respiration and circulation o May be reversible o Some descriptions may also consider the loss of brain activity as a component of clinical death. · Cardiopulmonary death: irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions · Brain death: irreversible, complete loss of function of the entire brain (including the brainstem), even if cardiopulmonary functions can be upheld by artificial life support o 2 physicians are required to make the legal diagnosis of brain death. o See “Requirements for the diagnosis of brain death” for more information. · Intermediary life: the period of time between irreversible cardiopulmonary death and biological death · Biological death (molecular/cellular death) o Permanent and irreversible cellular damage with complete cessation of metabolic cell function o Tissue that has undergone biological death is unsuitable for transplantation. · Legal death o Recognition of a person's death under the law o Legal death comprises medically determined death (e.g., via a doctor's declaration of death) as well as the presumption under the law that a person is dead after a prolonged and unexplained absence with no signs of life (declaration of death in absentia). --- Signs of death is important for correctly declaring death. · Prematurely pronouncing death can have grave consequences, including neglecting potentially vital care, giving false alarms for organ donation, and unnecessary emotional stress for family members. · Uncertain signs of death must be considered in relation to certain and irreversible signs of death, such as cardiopulmonary and brain death. · If there is a delay before death has been pronounced or the events leading up to death are unclear, irreversible postmortem changes can help also in determining both the manner and time of death. Uncertain signs of death include: · Cardiac and respiratory arrest · Unconsciousness · Pale, dry, tight skin · Areflexia · These signs must be considered in the context of determining cardiopulmonary death or brain death. E.g.1 I met a witness (Helmut Ziegler) of an apparent death, declared brain death. The doctors were packing (up) their cables & equipment for ~1/2 hour. He (HZ) put his hands on the woman & she opened her eyes & so he talked to her & welcomed her back. The doctors were ((just) stunned) speechless, (just) looking at each other. PS: So (I assume) mistakes happen (& or other things, (not known) e.g. in which timing (e.g. rythems) is vital). The body has amazing remarkable healing (=repair) abilities, NOT all are (well) known. Healing takes time. E.g.2 I have also seen a video documentary about an african car crash victim (Friday morning), driven to 2 hospitals (successively), (but) both pronounced him dead so he was (finally) delivered to a morgue, lay in a coffin (2 days) til early Sunday morning with cotton batten stuffed in his nose. Life signs were noticed so they brought him to a basement. He was stiff as a smoked fish so (he) was massaged, & eventually gained consciousness, & full recovery later. E.g.3 Relatives reported an eyewitness's account of coffin knocking & opening in the middle of a church funeral. The deceased was NOT deceased & was helped out. So these (apparent) errors (are rare, but) still happen. Disclaimer: Other than those 3 (examples) I know no other modern 1's, nowadays. I did NOT expect to get into such a creepy theme (later), because I was only interested in the (inconsistent) math, clue (60 & unit); but it (=apparent theme) is (really) about life, instead. Those 2 ideas (apparent, & stress) are the only possible explanations I have found, yet: for 60 "hours".

In other words you do not know either. LOL they also invented a vaccine for covid that everyone was required to get, or you would not be able to shop for food, or work. I actually retired rather than get a phony vaccine like you chose to get. All lies as the CDC now claims that 58% of covid deaths come to fully vaxxed fools, which is why the mandate was lifted. https://www.businesstoday.in/coronavirus/story/58-of-americans-dying-due-to-covid-19-were-either-vaccinated-or-boosted-report-354161-2022-11-25 But you keep right on believing everything that you are told

Really, you described how to recheck the spin of a no longer existing photon? LOL, see even if Trump dies of natural causes on the golf course, the thumb drives with the JFK files hit the net. Isn't that great? and the swamp gets drained and everyone named Bush will move to Moscow for their own safety Yes, all Navy radio operators are trusted, trained and fully vetted by the FBI, and have at least a TS-SCI clearance, this takes time. So if a Navy radio operator is not trusted, they are not a radio operator in the Navy.

So if you say there are two entangled photons, but the Nobel committee wants to confirm this, they can't because the evidence all vanished. So how is peer review acted upon with vanished evidence? Do you see an issue here?

One gets a clue about someone's mental age when they say " In science" Did you replicate this experiment or do you just believe as you are told, like Hawking told you that nothing can escape a black hole, then a few years later he told you something totally different. Which leaves you a 50/50 chance of choosing the right theory, and this will always be true unless you can enter a black hole and return with the real answer. However I will accept your photo of 2 entangled particles miles away, and let you explain how the entanglement happens faster than light as claimed. Just let me get some popcorn first. PS. My net worth is in no way influenced by your approval of my portfolio. So whether you believe and accept this, has no meaning. The real difference between you and I is that you need the approval of others, and I say and do as I please which is the meaning of freedom

The polio vaccine made 2 strains of polio extinct and another so rare that hospitals no longer have the iron lungs used to treat the disease because no one gets it. This is how a vaccine works. Your vaccine results in a higher death toll on the vaccinated than the non-vaccinated like me. However you were an obedient child and did what your uncle sam demanded of you. Note uncle sam gave up rather than come for me and my pals. LOL the military said get vaccinated or you are out and a bunch of Navy seals went to the office and said give me my discharge papers because you are firing me. The military shuddered at the prospect of needing to make cooks seals. Then they saw it our way, as said already. But the evidence always vanishes. With that a prosecutor can never get a conviction. The problem that I have is that I was not there, never reviewed the findings that are not made available and there is no evidence that an experiment ever happened. If you say you recorded this post a photo now Why would anyone get a vaccine which increases one's chance of death from the disease? Furthermore, the government gave up requiring this vaccine because it literally increases mortality TS-SCI has nothing to do with the flooded British aircraft carrier, flying American jets. It stands for, Top Secret, Secure Compartmented Information. Nice job pretending to be a Britt, Fred