Biology

Hi team, I have seen quite a few videos on Youtube where people are swimming in waterways that have crocodiles in them. For example: Diver Has Lucky Escape From Crocodile | Super Giant Animals | BBC Earth - YouTube How is this possible? Are the divers just incredibly lucky? My best guess is that perhaps crocodiles are not as dangerous as I thought and perhaps they only eat at certain times of the year/day. I assume it would have to be more than a mere tendency for them to only eat/hunt at certain times. I wouldn't be willing to enter the water with them on the basis of some rule that "in general they only hunt/eat in spring" or "in general they only hunt/ea…

I found a link to the 2022 highlights from the Journal of experimental biology on Mastodon, so just sharing here as it may be of interest to anyone here. https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/pages/highlights-2022 This is a free download. Hope this is of interest, I am not connect to them in anyway, just followed them and am sharing. Paul

Imagine (not to hard I know) that in the near medium or farther out future that our civilisation managed to bring itself to the point where further "civilized" life was no longer possible on this planet Also the option of continuing on planets in tha Solar system was judged unrealistic. Under those circumstances might our descendants who could themselves at this existential dead end find a way to broadcast their dna across the galaxy with the aim of colonizing another planetary system even if all the members of their current civilisation were doomed to perish? What methods might be employed to "seed" another planetary system? …

We sometimes hear it said that such and such a person ,or a team has "created life" OK ,let us imagine that this is actually achieved (however we might define life)....If this was to occur, it would be ,initially something very basic compared to what we would understand as a living entity. Suppose we were to ask "Can you create something comparable to life forms that actually exist?" would there be any paths to achieving this? Any paths that did not involve millions of years of evolution and natural selection? Could the idea even be entertained if there were not a physical environment for the new creation to develop in? …

I'm glad to see the biology experts are back with us so perhaps they might explain something I have oftern wondered about please. Humans clearly have some capacity to regenerate, as witnessed by the fact that we grow and then discard one set of teeth, before regrowing a second set as we become larger. Presumably there is some genetic coding that controls and enables this ? Has any research been done to try to extend this capacity more generally to other body parts or even athird set of teeth later in life now we are living longer ? What are your thoughts ?

Hello. When preparing a fermentation mash to produce/distill ethanol, is the yeast just acting doing its pissing and farting or also reproducing ?

Need assistance writing a paper that expresses the methodology for the Potential Method of Detection, Location, and Removal of Cancer Cells. My current methodology is the following sequence of steps 1) Cell Detection 1.1) Detect Specific Cancer Types using cell classification methods. 1.2) Program DNA for cancer types in order to define signature of cell using CRISPR. 1.3) Classify Cancer type based on cell type that the cancer has mutated. 2) Cell Location 1.1) Immune System auto defines the attack on the given cell based on certain 1.2) Gives an attack signature of the mutated cell based on mutated c…

Hi all! I'm back with another pressing question. Assuming you could store hydrogen ions in a stable state in a backpack and pump them directly into the inter-membrane space of a mitochondria could you theoretically convert ADP to ATP using just the oxidative phosphorylation stage of aerobic respiration. If so, how helpful would it be to have an external oxygen collector which pumps oxygen gas to the mitochondrial matrix to match the amount of hydrogen ions? Could you also have out tubes for carbon dioxide? How well would it work? Could it be realistically possible without my previous assumption. I'm pitching this idea to some investors next Friday so I'd like …

Hi all, I have NK cells that were cultured in a G-rex plate with K562 feeders. I will need to verify NK functionality in a kill assay but I would like to not have remains of K562 in my assay. What do you think is the best way to isolate the NK cells in this scenario? We use negative selection for NK isolation from PBMCs but I don't believe it would be a good solution in this case as I think that the debris will just go through the column. Thanks!

Are living things just a bunch of organic transistors? I've been following (attempting to follow since I'm very ignorant when it comes to biology) the work of Michael Levin - https://wyss.harvard.edu/team/associate-faculty/michael-levin-ph-d/ I was watching a pod cast recently and he was describing cells and as an analogy compared their behaviour as similar to transistors in mechanical electrical circuits. In that they communicate with junctions between themselves where electrical charged molecules can be shared, swapped etc... He was saying that individual living cells communicate using electricity not only in just the brain but every cell throughout the li…

I am looking into getting a pet rabbit which will stay outside at night, and inside during the day. I'm looking at these models for the outside 'hutch': https://www.chewy.com/frisco-ultimate-heavy-duty-steel/dp/168128? https://www.chewy.com/frisco-ultimate-heavy-duty-steel/dp/168127 https://www.wayfair.com/pet/pdp/tucker-murphy-pet-kace-tucker-murphy-pet-heavy-duty-stainless-steel-dog-cage-kennel-playpen-for-training-large-dog-with-double-doors-locks-design-pet-crate-w004819552.html?piid=863101496 I recently discovered that stoats are found in Riverside (California), and need to know if the bars on these models are close enough together t…

this is a very detail subject but im asking simple question We can see even toed ungulates Artiodactyla Odd-toed ungulates Perissodactyla diversity varies in continents and some please like Madagascar Australia and don't have any native. south america don't have any bovids native and bovid diversity is very low north america. Africa has no Tylopoda Cervidae only found on north tip. but very high bovid diversity. Eurasia has both bovid Cervidae diversity. Please describe what factors causes this uneven distribution

I just spent about 2.5 days drying a standard down pillow (in the dryer). It was not taken out of the dryer that entire time and before that it was only in the washer. The dryer was opened several times so I could check to see how wet it is. The reason for my concern is that I have recently been informed that I should never leave wet clothes in the washer for a very long time because they could grow mold, mildew, or bacteria. I don’t see why this can’t apply to a dryer as well especially in this case (see below). First, I overwashed the pillow. It was extremely wet after washing. So much so that it was like a giant bean bag and dripped a lot of water …

As I have trees in my field that I use as firewood,I have started a new technique of cutting through the bark a little above ground level so that they die standing up rather than by felling them as I normally do. Can I anticipate that they will dry more quickly than otherwise? Will the water already in the timber tend to sink under the action of gravity? I understand that it is capillary action that feeds the upper branches in the first place (when alive)but I do not know if there is anything like a reverse path for that water as the tree dies and slowly dries out.

Hi everyone, I'm not sure if this post is meant to go here, please move if not Anyway I'm a a bit of a newbie on biology but I keep some endangered Australia fish and would like to disinfect equipment between use. My main concern is bacteria and in particular mycobacterium marinum. Would something like isopropyl at 70% kill it or would ethanol be better? Any help would be greatly appreciated

Tessa Hansen Smith (LivingWaterLess) claims she's internally allergic to water when it touches her throat, her internal organs, and her bloodstream. She has an internal allergic reaction to intravenous saline, she explained it's because her bloodstream immune cells are reacting to the presence of water molecules. She says nurses have accused her of making it up. She says the only reason she can drink milk is because the fats in the milk surround the water molecules so they cannot be detected by her immune system. Is there any way for the immune system to detect or recognize water molecules?

Random, Spontaneous, Fate, or Free Will? How does the Brain process decisions? I have pondered the idea that we impact the timeline of other people by the actions we take on the road whilst driving for example and throughout our lives. If I let this guy out of the junction will his timeline be affected in a minor way for the rest of his life, will he get to the interview on time for example? But also if such decisions are random, spontaneous, free will, or fate. I posted the idea several years ago and suggested that at the quantum level errors in the way the brain processes information and the process by which our brains calculate decisions actually cause a deg…

Clearly plants are a magnitude more important to humans' welfare, compared to animals. Yet because of we are animals so our vantage point gives more weight to animals.

The idea that our immune systems would mistake food of all things for something harmful sounds bizarre. The idea that it would react to a lethal extreme to anything sounds even more bizarre. Surely even if it thinks the threat is lethal, obviously the response would have to be just shy of lethal to be of any help at all. Yet we hear of life-threatening allergies to food items of all things all the time. How did life-threatening allergies to food items not result in enough anaphylaxis deaths over the course of evolution to leave behind only the genes that tell the immune system how to tell food from life-threatening pathogens? Or at least tell the body there's …

Hello, I was thinking about eating only wheat(for Carbohydrate), hazelnuts(for Lipid), chickpeas(for Protein) and B12 supplements. Of course I guess I would want to change food after some time and I would but let's imagine I wouldn't please... I did not calculated yet if I could get enough calories without overdosing Carbohydrate/Lipid/Protein... maybe I should calculate before asking but I'm asking anyway... Do you know what deficiencies this diet would cause (if it would cause some...) ?

This is a sample of pool water seen through a microscope at about 800x magnification.I was wondering if the microorganisms in the pictures are bacteria,maybe Streptococci and Bacilli.What do you think?

Hello, do you know how to absorb 2.4µg (or around) of B12 per day using supplements ? I read 2.4µg is the recommended daily amount, I notice almost all B12 pills contains 1000µg and they say to take one pill/day I struggle finding why they contain 1000µg instead of 2.4µg, I read it could be because it is easier to put 1000, I don't understand why monster energy drinks are able to put 2.5µg of b12 in 100ml, do you ? I also read that your body absorb 10µg of a 500µg pill, I read it's because the body don't absorb the unneeded amount, so the body would absorb 10µg of a 10µg pill ? same for a 1000µg pill ? Something is strange ! Or did I miss something ?

Never seen one like this before. Can anyone idnetify it please ? It is dark brown with yellow bands on the wing edges and tips.

Good day. If coastal cities/islands implemented parallel water supplies using seawater for mostly toilet supply merging flow to same current sewer systems; what would happen to typical sewage treatment plants ? Can they deal with seawater or needs to be a different treatment ? If this has to be in some chemistry forum, please move.

All peoples of all sorts of races have managed to conjure up discrimination based on someone's race. It is quite unfortunate that these events happened before and still continue to happen. However, my question is not about racial discrimination but I thought I'd clear that up beforehand. I was watching a video (which I believe I can't link here as that would be an advertisement) that was essentially explaining the role race plays in sports. According to the video, there seems to be a relationship and correlation with race/ethnicities and what sports these people dominate in (ex: East Asians tend to dominate in weightlifting, Europeans tend to dominate in swimming, We…