Applied Chemistry

Hi All, This should be easy, but I can't seem to find it on the 'net. I'm trying to get my head around calculating the pH of a solution given its chemical makeup. I had hoped that starting with something easy, like water, would help me. But all the research and attempted calculations don't add up. The equilibrium equation of water is Kw mol2 dm-6 = [H3O+]mol dm-3 [OH-]mol dm-3 I'm told that Kw is 1.0 x 10-14. (Why? Where did this come from? Was it just made up because the pH scale only goes to 14??) I've calculated [H3O+] to be 19.02322 g/mol or 0.01902332 mol dm-3 and [OH-] is 17.00734 g/mol or 0.01700734 mol dm-3 First, do I have the …

I've been engaged in agricultural practices for some time, and acids are particularly needed and useful products, to amend basic soils and lye rich biochars. So far, I've managed to mass produce glacial acetic acid with mother of vinegar and carboxylic acids, using anaerobic decomposition. I've also made some hydrochloric acid, using the chloralkali process, but the table salt feedstock is not cost effective for the intended use. So my question is this: do you know of any acids that are (relatively) easy and/or cheap to mass produce, without much need for expensive equipment and/or feedstocks?

any ideas, anyone ? just got this from a flea market cos it was cheap :P and now i'm trying to identify it ?

Dear community! I've recently been pondering about an intriguing thought experiment that can have serious consequences in the real world. Imagine you've got a box filled with a liquid J with a partial pressure p_J_eq(20°C) > 1 bar (higher than the air surrounding the box). If the box is closed, the remaining volume which is not occupied by J_liquid will be filled with J_gas at a pressure of p_J_eq(T_box,initial = 20°C). Now you pierce a small hole in the box, lets say 2mm x 2mm. According to common sense, gaseous J will escape and therefore more J_liquid will vaporize in order to increase p_J up to p_J_eq(T_box). Here, lets consider two scenarios: Sce…

I hope I can explain my question well enough since Im not a native speaker :) Basically I was wondering, why as in reaction to a diabetes I condition the muscle is breaking down its own protein to amino acids, which then are farther moved to the liver resulting in gluconeogenesis? It makes no sense to me because I don's see the necessity of the muscle doing so during Diabetes I. In a similiar condition such starvation I do understand the necessity, because the body actually lacks glucoses and eventually runs out of all other sources to possibly synthesise glucoses through gluconeogenesis und thus needs to resort to glucoplasmatic amino acids. However during dia…

Hey! I want to dispergate TiO2 nanoparticles (20-80 nm) in epoxy resign. I've done some research and found out that a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in epoxy resign can be a difficult thing to achieve without expensive machines, as they stick together and form agglomerates with diameters lager than 100 nm (see for example "Ultrasonic dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles in epoxy resin", Bittmann, Haupert & Schlarb 2009). Now i see that nanoparticles are available with different coatings to help dispergating them in specific liquids like water, oil, ethanol. I'm not into chemistry at all sadly and therefore hope that someone here can help me: Are …

I find it hard to believe that the Smoothies I enjoy actually provide the same 750mgs that the stone-like tablets I also consume trying to fight bone loss. It would be a real favor to find out I'm wrong. Somethings are too good to be true, in my experience. Hoping for good news from this forum.😀

Hi everyone, First of all excuse me if this is not the right forum to post this. I am sure this will be an easy question for someone with a basic level of chemistry (who is definitely not me). My mum used to use a facial serum that had 5% of Thiotic Acid (Alpha Lipoic Acid) diluted in Propanediol. It was a 30ml solution. The brand (The Ordinary) stopped selling it and she loved it and I wanna try to make it for her. Can anyone please tell me how many miligrams or grams of Alpha Lipoic Acid I would need to get a 30ml 5% ALA solution (propanediol as base). Would I need to heat it to disolve it or no heat is needed? Thank you very much to anyone that …

Hi guys. Me and my collegues are stuck on the condensation of vapor with vacuum pump and a Heat exchanger equipments. We're definately not coming through with results. Any tíos anyone, i would appreciate. Btw this is a legitimate, european funded pilot process for leachate treatment. Lets save the earth guys. +_+

Hey guys I was just wondering whether or not acetic acid forms an azeotrope with water?

The investment in the experiment is very small, which is just a plastic tube. Welcome to help promote this technology. After the test is successful, benefits can be shared. Contact ^^^^^@yahoo.com

When an ice cube melts in a glass filled with water , will the level of water increase or decrease ?

Black sapphire turns blue Some sapphires are black and not of high value. This is because it contains "atomic iron", because iron atoms have very many energy levels and can absorb almost all the frequency range of visible light, so they appear black. No one has been able to solve this problem well for decades. I use chemical and physical methods and use heat treatment to cleverly find a solution. According to solid physics theory, iron atoms exist in the sapphire lattice gap, so its mobility is relatively high. If an adsorption layer is coated on the sapphire shell, the mobility of iron atoms in the adsorption layer is relatively low. When heated, iron Atoms…

This query pertaining to the Off- specification in UVT parameters of Monoethylene glycol (MEG) sample. If any body has experience in this area plz suggest.. I summarize little background of the matter as below, - Vessel was carrying MEG cargo and at discharge port it was reported that the MEG wad Off- specification in UVT parameters at 220 nm, 250 nm, and at 275 nm. Sample was tested for full spec parameters to check the purity (MEG, DEG, TEG, Tetra EG content) by GC, and reported to be within specification limits. Also test on Iron content, water content, colour, chloride content, appearance was carried out and reported to be all within specification limits.. …

Hi, I know that chemical reaction is one in which original substances change their properties. Can we say that a rotten milk or a floating ice is an example of a chemical reaction? Somebody please guide me. Zulfi,

Hi, I have a question and I don't know if a chemist can help me: In table 1 on page 4 (line 8), I don't understand why there are three compounds next to the M. What does the bracket mean? N2H3 + M [N2 (2.4); NH3 (3); N2H4 (4)] = N2H2 + H + M (I have attached the document) Thermal_decomposition_of_ammonia_N2H4_-_An_interme.pdf Thanks in advance, Regards.

The answer to this question could potentially be important for some future work of mine. A catalyst prepared by reacting ruthenium trichloride with zirconium terephthalate in a liquid solution has been found to convert carbon dioxide into methane. However, I can not find any specification on the composition of aforementioned liquid solution, nor on the exact reaction taking place from which I could deduce it. If anyone has or knows where to find this information, I would greatly appreciate it.

I've been producing some biodregradable hydrogels for some time and, one of the requisites for their manufacturing is deionized water (really, really pure water). Quality ion exchange resins can be a bit costly, so I learned how to regenerate them, though the process can be a bit problematic as well. So I ended up turning to trying to make my own process of deionization (or as close as I can get to it) to simplify my work. So I came with the following process: 1. Pass tap water through an HEPA and activated carbon filters, to get rid of small particles and VOC (volatile organic compounds). 2. Shake the water pretty hard, to eliminate some disolved gases. …

Hello everyone, i am very new to these kind of stuff and i need some assistance for my last year degree project. My project is related to Aluminium oxide , but the problem is i'm not sure how to produce aluminium oxide. Can anyone explain me the steps and process on how to obtain Alumina(Aluminum Oxide) from aluminium nitrate? I've heard something about burning these aluminium nitrate but i cant find it anywhere on google.

Hi, just have a question on how to purify mercury using acids. What would be the best way to purify mercury using nitric acid and then to precipitate pure mercury metal? I only have a small amount of mercury but I’m not sure what metals are mixed with it. I thought maybe dissolving in nitric acid and then using copper to precipitate mercury but I’m not sure if it will leave the rest of the metals in solution. Any salts that can precipitate the mercury pure? Just like how we use sodium metabisulfite to precipitate gold metal for example. thanks .

Hi, I would like to ask for some advice how to dilute squaric acid (C4H2O4) from a 98% to a 2% solution. To be precise my question is what can I use as an ingredient to dilute it down without it separating once constituted? For example I have tried mixing it with coconut oil, but it seems to separate from it.

Why don't firefighters use crushed dry ice, or just CO2 to help fight bush or moorland fires?

Hello, I want to react NO with UREA to reduce NO whose reaction is: 2NO + CO (NH2) 2 + ½ O2--------------------->2N2 + CO2 + 2H2O The fact is that instead of UREA I have used NH3 to make it easier, then the reaction would be the following: 2NO + 2NH3 + ½ O2--------------------> 2N2 + 3H2O I know the mole fraction of NO which is 0.0003 and also that of 02 which is 0.01848 (Both in the gas phase since it is the gas produced from combustion). The question is, how much liquid NH3 do I have to use to reduce the maximum amount of NO. Thank you very much in advance.

Hi there, I am synthesizing a material by a chemical route. At the last stage, the desired material precipitates in the aqueous solution, while it has a large volume because it's a hydrated material. I can remove the extra water by filtering and after that, I want to dry it to make it in a powdery form. But, the melting point of this material is near 60 C, and I cannot use higher temperatures (like 100 C) for drying. I have used lower temperatures (e.g. 50-55 C) to dry it in the oven, but after about 2 days, drying was not complete yet. I mean the drying procedure at these temperature ranges (about 50 C) takes too long, and cannot be cost-effective in the large scale…

Ahoy! I am new here. I am just an amateur scientist. I am curious about human skin and its sweat that is supposed to be about a 4 on the pH scale. That is slightly to moderately acidic. One thing that makes me curious is if putting something alkaline or acid on skin would make it have a chemical burning sensation. I mean, skin is already somewhat acidic with sweat, so anything acid can be tolerated more than anything alkaline? An 11 pH would neutralize the sweaty 4 and would cause a burning sensation or irritation of some sort?