Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

We can start with good sheep brain dissection for basic neuroanatomy http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/ And a nice compilation of lectures http://www.utdallas.edu/~kilgard/lectures.htm More to come If there is interest for discussion

normally we study that there is 3 constrictions in the ureter that is at: 1) ureteropelvic junction 2) when ureter passes pelvic brim 3) when it opens into the urinary bladder but i heard from an unknown source that there is a 4th constriction when it crosses the external iliac artery ... is it true ??

Apologies if I have put this in the wrong forum, couldnt see anywhere in biology where this was quite right... I often hear various permutations of the statement that every atom in your body is different after a period of x years. Is there an authoritative source for this? Secondly, surely there has to be a positive probability that some of the atoms in your body are the same after x years even if it is in acompletely different place...and a very small chance. Thirdly I am sure I read that after a certain age the body does produce any new brain cells, so presumably this means that for the 7 year rule to be true it must be somehow rebuilding the same cell? Thank yo…

An entertaining look at human energy - mood, motivation, mitochondria, and everything else. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/11/08/energy-and-how-to-get-it

Are there centers in the brain for our perception or "feel" for left and right? I ask because I remember learning in school that there are but my current text book mentions nothing of this. I've also heard of people neglecting certain sides of the world, like one case in which the person would not eat the left half of his plate, wouldn't colm the left half of his hair, wouldn't fully put on his shirt on the left side, etc. I've also heard of an autistic girl who would avoid facing north. The care giver would spin around with her in a circle, and evertime she faced north, she'd duck her head. Of course, this is not left and right, but north, east, west and south. S…

is it true that if a woman has a lot of sex her vagina will be looser? i heard somewhere that this particular rumor was untrue, and that no matter how much a woman has sex her vagina will go back to being roughly the same as it started out. facts?

Hi all, this is my first post here. I am a layman and this question is inspired by my curiosity about music and perception thereof particularly, but encompasses more than that. First, I'd like you to recall your favourite song. You will probably "hear" the correct intervals between the notes (even if you don't get it in the right key), the approximate rhythm, and the correct octave placement of each note. You can hum it out loud, tap your feet to the rhythm, perhaps even harmonise with that imagined music. My question relates to that experience- the experience of simulating that memorised musical phrase, or perhaps embellishing it. When you do this, is it "sen…

Why do you Yawn? No one can ever give me a definite answer.

I just thought I'd open this to a discussion about anybody who knows more details about the subject. So I just found an article from a couple days ago that scientists have found a molecule in the brain that trigger aging. Here is the link - http://www.nature.com/news/molecules-in-the-brain-trigger-ageing-1. Here are some interesting excerpts from the article: "Further tests suggested that NF-κB activity helps to determine when mice display signs of ageing. Animals lived longer than normal when they were injected with a substance that inhibited the activity of NF-κB in immune cells called microglia in the hypothalamus. Mice that received a substance to stim…

Hey, I have a big anatomy project, and was hoping someone would be willing to try and help me. It's kind of long, so I don't want to post it... but if you'd like to help, PM me? Thanks.

A long time ago something came up in a conversation with a friend about how long you can see or how long you "live" essentially after you die. My friend said 10 seconds and told me a story or something he heard. It goes like this: Somebody's wondering the same question and says to somebody else, when the guilotine goes down and my head comes off, I will blink for every second I can see/live/whatever, So the guilotine comes down, and his head comes off, and it blinks ten times, one for each second. So I didn't believe him and said it was probably just a muscle spasm or something like a snake's jaws do when it's killed while snapping. Any thoughts? Sorry about how …

I was wondering if Dyslexia, Autism, Asperger's Syndrome or generally other neurological disorders, what is there cause? Also, I hear where we have maternal love (real love) is in this thing called the neo-cortex. I was wondering what other functions this might serve because I know it serves for the purpose of empathy but for a long time I have tried to be non-empathic because I didn't think it was logical. I may have been retarding myself in the process.

Have you heard of that compound? Some interesting studies were done that demonstrated extraordinary, highly selective anti-cancer properties of 3-BP - unfortunately patent disputes between the researcher and John Hopkins University resulted in discontinuation of research. Since then limited studies on humans have been done in Germany and Colombia albeit with highly promising results (total eradication of metastatic liver cancer in a male patient and of small cell lung carcinoma in a Colombian female patient)

Hello, I am curious to know what people on here think about how 3D Printing technology has been used in the field of medical science? For such a new technology, It's already been used to do some incredible things when it comes to prostechics. Take Andrew Dawood for example, who used 3D Printing to create this incredible prothesis for a man who lost part of his face to a tumor: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9962798/How-doctors-printed-my-new-face.html Then there's Michael McAlppine, who developed the "Bionic ear" with a 3D Printer: And then there's Anthony Atala, who used 3D Printing technology to create a functioning kidney: http://www.ted.com/talks/a…

My teacher told me that he read some news about some women having 4 types of color "sensors". I hadn't bothered to ask him to define this phenomenon more specifically. So basically, the average person has 3 color sensors, which are the three primary colors of additive color theory. So what is this 4th color sensor? I couldn't find the news on this, so hopefully someone here knows the source of this news.

My entire life, I've had this peculiar relationship with a common food favorite -- chocolate. Nearly every time I eat something with a lot of chocolate, there's a sneeze or two. Name any chocolate-rich treat, and if it goes into my mouth, I can't help but sneeze. This typically only happens with the first bite. After that, I can chunk down on it without any other noticeable effects. The same happens with strong mint, and I'm sure I'm not the only one on this forum who has such a reaction to either or both. I used to think it was some very mild form of allergy, but upon research this is most likely not the case. The conditions are allegedly related to a much mo…

I was reading a neuroanatomy book lately. I noted that every time a description of a nerve is made, the author has said the "fibers to the structure". There has been no distinction of whether the fibers are sensory or motor. Both are described as "fibers to the structure". My basic knowledge of the nervous system tells me that motor nerves start from the cerebral cortex (mostly the pre-central gyrus) through the spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei reaches the structure. Sensory neurons, in contrast, starts at the sensory organ to the spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei to the relaying stations in the brain and finally to the cerebral cortex (mostly the post-central g…

In "Almost human" sci-fi series movie http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2654580/ an agent drinks some substance provided by police to make his body work as a radio beamer and later a criminals forced him to drink another substance to jam the signal. I wonder if there exist some metals or another substances which are harmless to humans and which will dissolve in blood been ingested. And which will jam any radio signals.

Hi, I'm studying the nervous system and I have a few questions. I understand that this is a lot, but if you can confirm and answer any of them then I would be very much appreciative. 1) Given two neurons and their relative synaptic cleft, can the neurotransmitters from this given cleft ever leak out of the cleft and effect adjacent/or other neurons? 2) Related to the above question, and if true and neurons can leak out then is it also possible that similar chemicals like norephiephrine and epinephrine can leak out and bind to receptors of non-neuron cells? 3) Are neurons specific in their release of neurotransmitters? What I mean is do neurons have the abilit…

Acne rosacea, often called adult acne, is a facial condition that is different from teenage pimple acne. Rosacea causes the face to get permanently red in the center portion of the face and nose. It starts with on a off blushing red, and then as it gets worse the face stays red. It itches and can cause skin flaking. I read that it is a little understood condition. Well, I think I understand it, what causes it and what can cure it. I had Rosacea and was forced to devise my own cure because the condition was supposed to be incurable. I will just tell you. If you don't have enough regular bowel movements over a long period of time [months] the blushing red face of rosacea …

If some chronically ill person is forced to take lot of medication daily, harmful to liver and kidneys, is there some medication to prevent liver falure?

I'm any expert in this field so I apologize ahead of time for my ignorance, but I'm someone who is generally curious about the pathology of obesity for some odd reason. I tend to subscribe to the set point theory(or similar models that entail heavily in the biology of obesity) even if it doesn't explain the social-economical aspects of obesity because it does a good job at modeling biological aspects which tend to be more tangible to me. Usually the current research is around energy homeostasis and the mechanisms that control it such as the metabolic and biochemical processes or neuroendocrine aspects like leptin, inuslin, gerhlin, PPY, NPY, etc and then studying …

Well I have a few questions. 1. what percentage of your memories are false? Have there ever been cases where 50% or more of a person's memories are false? 2. Why are some memories of experiences you can imagine/visualize/etc but for others you only remember details but can't really/fully imagine them? 3. Why do people have false memories in dreams? eg sometimes I have perfectly clear false memories and experiences of recollection in my dreams that are not true.

This theoretical formula is based on Arnold Ehret's work from I believe around a hundred years ago? Arnold Ehret was a dietetic practitioner who stated the following, but not formulaic. I need to know if it's the right format: Human wellness (physical and mental) is measured as follows: the degree of direct work output and maintenance of full stamina against the inverse proportion of foods and substances consumed and the mitigation if any, of fatigue. How might it be better formed?

Hey! I have a son who developed a seizure disorder about 3 weeks after birth. I'm happy to say he had his last one over two years ago & is about to undergo his last EEG to reassure the neurologist that he has "out-grown" the seizures & we can start weening him off of his meds. I'm just wondering if an infant can "rewire" their brain around a problem or fix the problem why can't we stimulate this action in other humans? Is it the the constant developement of the childs brain that enables him to do this? If so then why does this differ from ,say, adults learning new things? I'm guessing it may have something to do with where the problem is & possibly how develop…