Astronomy and Cosmology

This Unifying Theory will not Paste from Word, but is the only theory I am aware of that solves the elusive definition of gravity, hypothesises time before the big bang which logically proposes that the universe was not the creation of a superior intelligence, but an inevitable evolution from a force field operating in infinity. Contact email deleted for further details.

It is highly unlikely for dark matter to clump together.* It is gravitationally attracted to itself - so like normal matter, it will tend to draw in but, and whilst this seems a minor quibble it is important, it has no easy way to lose its kinetic energy, momentum, and angular momentum. Normal matter is able to dissipate energy by way of heat and radiation after an interaction involving the electromagnetic force; two things bump into each other, release a photon or a more, move away from each other more sluggishly; lots of things bounce about and get hot giving off infrared; etc. Dark matter does not interact in this manner (if it did we would be able to see it…

Anyone catch the first episode of the new season of "How the Universe Works"? It was about the new "Planet 9" that scientists think exists about 100 Billion miles from the sun, or an average of 20 times the distance from the sun to Neptune and Pluto. They think it is about 10 Earth masses and 2 to 4 Earth diameters in size. My question is since such a large planet could exist far outside our usual solar system without our knowing it, does that mean there could be many planets the size of Pluto or larger in that region without us ever being able to detect them? "...The most useful result, from Batygin’s perspective, was one that went beyond the question he and Br…

What I've got it's an axis (let's call it "w") that together with the three-dimensional axis (x,y,z), forms a fourth dimension, on which all the four axis (x,y,z,w) are 90° from each other. We cannot see it this way because our sense of space and dimension is tridimensional, where only 3 axis can be 90 degrees from each other; like a two dimensional character from a game, it cannot see depth, and for him/her there is only x and y, in a 90° angle and it isn't possible to imagine a third axis in 90 degrees to it. In the same way, we, three-dimensional oriented beings, can not imagine another vector with ninety degrees other then x, y and z. But the problem is: some say the…

All observable space emerged from the same hot dense point, and the universe has no center or preferred direction. You can't point in a direction and say, "the universe began over there." It began on the tip of a flea's nose in France, and in a far corner of Andromeda. We can all say "I am standing right where the universe began 13.7 billion years ago." If we agree on that, my question is: Why can't we apply this logic to events that weren't global in extent like the big bang, but only occurred in a isolated region of space. Let's imagine that a star formed in the early universe, when the scale factor was 1/100 of present. Could we then say that somewhere out there, …

Hello there. I'm creating a fictional near sci-fi universe and one of my main goals is to make it as plausible as possible. One of my main concerns is planetary system tough. I'm not convinced if it could by any means exist in reality. Searching this topic gave little-to-none results, so I'm here now, asking greater minds than mine, what's the most common planetary layouts out there. What limits ammount and size of celestial body in one system circling around a star similar to Sun. Cheers!

I think I have heard that a beam of light (if this was feasible) which was emitted by an observer would ,eventually(well under strictly defined circumstances I imagine) return and strike the back of his head. So that ,perhaps the observer might look at the back of his neck whilst staring straight ahead by the time the universe had come to an end Ignoring the impossibility of this scenario (if I have not misremembered it) there seems to be some fundamental principle involved ,perhaps connected with the underlying geometry of the universe . Can anyone explain it to me? Or at least explain some of it.

Apparently a white dwarf type 1a supernova the standard candle can tell us how far it is, by measuring its luminosity. Is this independant of the size of the star? Is space expansion uniform across the entire universe, or are some volumes expanding faster than others? If we measure the red-shifted wavelength of a photon, and we know the expansion history of the space through which it has travelled, how do we calculate the distance of the source if we don't know the original wavelength of the photon? Or is there a shift in the whole spectrum of radiation, that we can use to infer distance, and if so how do we know what the original spectrum look liked at the t…

It seems to me that Guths inflation of spacetime would just push past the particles? I know all waves possess momentum so were waves effecting the particles? Hmm. Perhaps there were no particles at that time and only the building blocks of quarks? The inflationary epoch lasted 10−36 seconds. I guess I am really asking what stuff existed during that time?

Having recently looked in to Lawrence M Krauss explanation of Einstein's Cosmological Constant as being composed of a universe wide energy field . And that somehow it is maintained by VIRTUAL PARTICLES. Can we accept this as a reasonably established explanation or model of " SPACE TIME " ? And ' If So ' , What are the implications of this ? Mike

Ever since I was a young boy, I have wrestled with trying to understand space. In particular, I have never really understood how space is supposed to never end. I really don't see how that's possible. Everything ends somewhere. Where one thing ends the next begins. Can people please provide thoughts on this?

Ive been looking at some different claims about space travels. Correct me if im wrong here. But i was wondering how a rocket for something - say the moon or mars, is able to keep up with earth traveling at 66,000 mph through space ? I know how this works within the atmosphere where the air stands still in relation to earths rotating motion and its travel through space. Is there some kind of similar "atmosphere" that travels along with the entire solar system allowing rockets to not have to travel in an excess of 66,000 mph to even keep up with earth ? Or how does this work ?

If I look to the north and I spy a quasar receding at near c, and I look to the south and I see a quasar receding at near c... What is their velocity relative to each other?

Not sure if this is the right place for this post. Just learned that some supernova stellar remnants may exist as quarks. According to this illuminating PBS Space Time video, the collapse of massive stars into neutron remnants may further collapse into quarks, Strange quarks particularly are described. According to the video's host, a square centimeter of neutronium weighs about a billion tons and conditions at the core of certain collapsed quark stars might even resemble the condition of the universe before the Big Bang. The video also suggests that nova remnant 1987A may be evidence of a quark star.

Ive read up on these topics and still don't think I really understand, if someone could correct me where needed & answer my Q's. Arrow of time. I can't help thinking there still has to be some more fundamental time that always goes one way, otherwise it seems like saying that things that happened could be undone literally so that they never happened.To me if the one way direction of the past to the future is nothing more than physical events happening that obey laws of physics, you wouldn't be able to say something like: 'at any given time one would expect the system to be in equilibrium'. If the arrow of time is a result of entropy increasing does that mean time i…

Let's consider that the big bang did not happen everywhere, but at a precise point in the universe and the big bang is not an event in the past but is a continuous event of energy creation. Keeping in view this as we see the universe? In particular, the Hubble law would function in a similar manner? And the WMAP image would occur just as it is? Thanks for the answers

I gather that Mars regularly experiences aurorae, this despite the planet's lack of a global magnetic field. It's also stated that these aurorae occur in the ultraviolet wavebands. I assume from this that these displays are invisible to the human eye. This being so, I'm intrigued to come across artistic interpretations on the net that suggest how "auroras will look on certain parts of Mars" (to quote the text accompanying one such image). Does this mean that aurorae are actually visible, after all? Or am I missing something here?

Can you guys test drive this heuristic equation relating cosmological redshift (z) to light travel time (t)? [math]z=\frac{-ln(1-t)}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}[/math] It seems to mirror LambdaCDM well, but I don't know enough about statistical analysis to really assess it. Light travel time (t) is written with the present equal to zero and the origin of time as 1; multiply by the age of the universe in desired units to get a real time. The equation has no free parameters and is quite simple, so I think its interesting that it seems to fit so well. Useful maybe? I'm generating light-travel times for comparison using Ned Wright's cosmology calculator with default setti…

Hello, I'm a sci-fi author and need to plot a course with distances and galaxy (cluster and super cluster) stop overs between the Coma Wall, Earth and the Great Attractor. I've looked at a few online 3D universe maps and 2D maps but have not found anything ideal. Any suggestions? Thanks so much for any help you can offer! Rusty Williamson www.rustywilliamson.com rusty@rustywilliamson.com

Hello everyone. This is my first post; cheers! Almost two years ago I was reading discourses and related papers and writings between Bohr and Einstein. I tend to do this periodically as their great debates are fascinating reading to me. I enjoy the puzzle, as a passing of the time, of trying to solve their debate. It was when I was reading over Einstein's thought experiment of 1930 that a thought finally crystallized. Often, something may bother me, but I can't immediately place a reason upon it. This was one of those cases. What bothered me was the thought experiment, or design, itself. Much of the argument on both sides, but definitely more so on…

I’ve noticed over years of reading books on cosmology and watching documentaries on subjects such as the Big Bang and the rotation curve problem in spiral galaxies, that the element of time in relation to gravity is never really mentioned. It’s accepted of course that gravity effects the rate of flow of time, but is this ever applied to issues like the rotation curve problem? It would seem logical to assume the density of gravity is much higher at the centre of a galaxy and weaker at the outer edges. So unlike planetary orbits, if the rotation curves of spiral galaxies are generally seen to be flatter than what would be expected, how much does this time dilation at t…

the behavior of blast or explosion or bang in universe is traditionally. after blast debris shoots away from center and then at a point they start revolving around the center of explosion where already a powerful black whole controls. if universe is expanding away after big bang ( we are in this phase) its mean next phase will be the stop expansion and the galaxies will pull toward center of big bang , and in 3rd phase galaxies will start revolving around a giant black whole in the center of universe.

as per studies water on earth is came along meteor shelling on earth during its formation. these meteors were contain salt crystals that contain water droplets it them.. if collision of theia mixed up all the materiel , and moon is consider a part of earth in some way ,,, then there should be a trace of water on the moon, or need to rethink the theia theory.

In the principle study of the Pioneer Anomaly, John Anderson and Slava Turyshev suggest a speculative explanation for the apparent deceleration of the spacecraft, as an acceleration of the clock rate used for telemetry back on earth. To be clear, this explanation has been discounted, although it was explored further in this paper. The Pioneer Anomaly is generally considered solved, being due to asymmetric thermal radiation from the probes. My question is, if such a universal change in clock time did exist, i.e. that every subsequent second ticked by faster or slower than the one before it, how could we detect it? Can anyone imagine an Earth-based experiment? As I under…

if anti-matter exists, then does anti-space exist. This would kind of explain what nothing is composed of, and maybe combined with my morality belief explain why the universe is expanding. If something is composed of space/matter, then wouldn't nothing be composed of anti-space/anti-matter? If you picture an expanding universe, what exactly is it expanding unto? Think of the universe (vacuum w/e), and outside of it just white (being the anti-space, normal space is black or at least to us it is). The anti-S&M produces a kind of attraction with the normal S&M. If not, could you explain to me why exactly anti-space cannot exist or why it is improbable. Cheers!