Applied Chemistry

Can anyone help me calculate the Gibbs free reaction energy in a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery with the combined equation? LiC6 + FePO4 → C6 + LiFePO4 Since the Lithium ions are acting as intermediaries and are on both sides, I understand that they can be removed from the equation. Since the formation energies of all these molecules are not listed in any tables I can find, I presume I have to work from the components of each molecule, so using the Gibbs formation energies of Li+, C6, Fe+, Fe2+ and PO43-, before I can use the combined equation above? For example to get the ΔG°f (FePO4) do I use the equation: Fe3+ + PO43- → FePO4 and then…

I work in industry water chemistry. I am trying to figure out how effectively build a chart that would indicate the pH of water with phenol red using the absorbance value at 560nm wavelength. I know the concentration of phenol red matters and it will change the absorbance of the pH. So let's assume I am using 5ml of phenol red and 45ml of water. I can figure out concentration later. How would I even test the method? How would I find an exact pH of 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3..... etc. to even be able to figure out the absorbance? I essentially want a chart that when I test 10 ml of water and test it on a Hach DR900 under the 560 wavelength I can read the meter output…

Hi. Once upon a time, saw silver utensils had a paper sheet in their box claiming the utensils would not need cleaning if such paper was kept in their proximity. Some 'magical' compound impregnated the paper My oscilloscopes are seeing little exercising of the buttons, switches, levers, controls lately... which I believe are mostly made of brass/bronze/copper. What compound could I keep inside electronic equipment that will prevent contacts to become tarnished and perform less than ideal, impregnating something ? I guess the electronic instruments would have to be covered to avoid air flow in them for such 'magic' compound to be more effective, right …

Good day. Typical image from the web on automotive battery. Cleaning with wet hot baking soda is effective, the something-impregnated felt disks work well, What household product is also effective to keep the corrosion away ?

I have a PCB with a CR2032 battery inserted into the PCB and this PCB is stored after many years in storage and the CR2032 charge goes to 0% will this battery go into chemical enhancement to generate an oxidative corrosive compound and will leak from the battery corroding the PCB?

How energy and cost demanding is the process to recycle spent or failed lithium batteries to recover lithium into manufacturing new batteries ? From years of experience, only about 25% of lithium batteries get spent; most have a single cell failure that forces discarding the whole relatively good package. Is a non-spent cell from such pack yielding better/more/easier recycled lithium than a truly spent one ? What compounds are not recoverable into lithium in a spent battery ? Does a failed cell contain 'better' lithium than a 'spent' one ? What about when recycling new unused/obsolete cells ?

Is it possible for a coal plant to pipe some of it's exhaust into a greenhouse-like structure filled with worthless mineral deficient dirt and infuse it with carbon to the point it turns into valuable soil capable of growing food with? Or if the greenhouse-like structure was filled with fast growing trees, as part of a for-profit tree farm, would this aid, stunt or be neutral to their growth?

Lactic acid is hard to extract from fermentation broth (currently the process goes: precipitate calcium lactate, regenerate with sulphuric acid- uses up a lot of chemichals, leaves a lot of waste)- so I am left wondering: why not use membrane electrolysis? calcium lactate is insoluble in cold water, but reasonably soluble in hot- or in methanol; either way, once a salt is dissolved regenerating the acid out of it ought not to be harder than putting two electrodes in with a semi-permeable membrane between them: calcium would precipitate as Ca(OH)2, which could be reused; in the anode compartment, lactic acid could be harvested and used for bioplastics etc. the pu…

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2022/summary/

I am buying a tool that has two options to power - rechargeable battery or dry cell. Personally I prefer rechargeable battery but it is not a tool that will be used so often - probably only used once every year. Does a rechargeable battery that is seldom charged and discharged last much longer than one that is charged and discharged daily? Or will it just degrade at more or less the same speed no matter what?

what are the names of 2 solids that combust when they come into contact or repel away from each other violently

Hi. I know peanuts about this; that is why am here. Is there test strips that show if it is ethanol, or methanol, or some other compounds when distilling alcohols ? What sorts of identifications/concentrations are test strips made for ? pH and nothing else ? What about salinity ? Glucose ? ...?

Good day. A spring of stainless steel appearance is attracted to a magnet. As there is diamagnetic and paramagnetic stainless steels, I would like to find out. Half submerged in salt water for a day now; am supposed to see if corrodes. What is a way to find what metal is it made of ? The manufacturer did not want to reveal when asked. 😒

Apparently, for every unit of energy extracted from a battery, it must be charged with 1.5 units ? Thus, battery charging equates to around 75% efficiency ?

Hello, I am currently reseaching the uses of vacuum pumps in labs, different types of vacuum pumps used in labs and their applications. If there is anyone that works in these environments please reach out as your information will help me out immensley.

Hi everyone, I am looking for a bit of help with a chemistry question. I am doing a lot of metallographic etching (weld cross sections) and are currently using two different diluted acids: 1. For steel metallographic samples - 10% ammonium persulfate in water 2. For aluminum metallographic samples - 10% NaOH in water Both liquids are very thin (low viscosity) and run off the samples so I have to constantly reapply the acid. I would like to make them thicker (e.g. paint or gel viscosity level). I was thinking of using some off the shelf water thickeners like gelatin. However, I do not know if this will create any unexpected reactions. I do not remember …

I want to dissolve either 3 or 4g of citric acid in 100 or 200 ml of water. Now, I'm totally illiterate when it comes to chemistry, so I'm wondering, is there something in particular I need to do beyond just dumping the citric acid into a container of water? Will it just dissolve at room temperature in tap water? Also, how long will it take for it to dissolve, is it instant or do I need to wait a period of time?

Greetings. A couple of sewing needles or pins pressing onto lead solder blobs can provide decent contact to recharge a lithium cell. No mysteries there. If the contraption will be used under sea water after recharged, and some sort of gel covers the contact blobs; discharging and corrosion could be avoided. What product can allow piercing to reach contact and when pins are retracted, be a decent insulating closure ? Am thinking of something like a silicone sealer that never cures, and does not dissolve in water... What would you suggest ? Electrical source-----------------> gel solder blob

Hello, Can you please help me with calculation of percentage of water absorption by hygroscopic powder. If material increase water content by 0.36% in 5h with 23% average air moisture, by how much water content will increase in same time but with 80% average air moisture. Thanks for all the help

Why the negative ion: OH- goes from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the process of using the Alkaline battery ? t ion: OH- is negatively charged and so is the negative electrode; so they should repel each other. thank you very much ion: OH- is negatively charged and so is the negative electrode; so they should repel each other. thank you very much

How to choose indiacator here for these above mentioned Acids titation? Is the below-given chemical compound structure of 4- nitrophenol same as given in the above question?

Hi - Looking for some help identifying a chemical compound that I use in one of my manufacturing processes. The compound in question is supplied by the OEM of my equipment and is part of an adhesion promotor for printing directly onto glass. It's one of three parts in the end solution that's used. I tried looking at the Safety Data Sheet to see what it is but there isn't any CAS number or description as it lists the substance as non-harmful. I'm trying to source alternative supplies, but not being able to identify this compound is making that difficult. The three parts in the end solution are Distilled Water (92%) Part A - liquid (2%) - this is t…

Good day. Somewhere read that elements can be extracted from seawater by - Adsorption by amidoxime-based polymers -- what is that and where to source such ? - Electro chemical cells --- What determines ignoring/rejecting sodium and chlorine ions from the process and collect only other than those ? Any 'special' voltage to ignore Cl and Na ions ?

Hello all. Many years ago, saw painters (overseas) using milk to prepare their something, did not pay enough attention; unsure if was for a sub-base to walls or the finish paint itself. Remember seeing a never-sanded glass-like smooth surface on walls before applying paint. Perhaps that was the intention ? How does it work, how come there is no bacterial degradation with something prepared with milk ? I do have search engines but not interested in proportions and preparation, but more on your chemical explanation part of it.

Hello new to the forum and i'm not very Laboratory literate but i was wondering if anybody on this site knows what the items in the pictures are and what is there function pertains !!! Any help would be greatly appreciated !!! Thank you for your time and consideration !!!