Other Sciences

How fast can crops be bred for certain traits assuming we start with wild plants? Can 1% increse in average mass or speed of growth per decade be achieved if there are 10,000s or 100,000 of people breeding that crop and it is annual?

Do you think cattails would be good as a crop today or as a founder crop for a civilization? This is an ubiquitous plant that grows on shores more or less everywhere in Europe. All parts of the plant are edible at different periods of the year. The root is the most nutritious, 266 kcal/100 g from the wild variety.

Do you think domesticated Caribou could be selectively bred to a size similar to that of horses and provide a viable alternative to horses in North America? Raindeer were domesticated and raindeer and caribou are practically the same.

There was a fire in an apartment facing directly opposite mine a few weeks ago, literally a few feet from my apartment, which destroyed the tenant's apartment (they've been relocated). I was away at the time. The damaged apartment is yet to undergo cleaning/renovation. While I did not notice any structural damage to my own apartment, there was sooty water leakage through the front door (now cleaned) and a fire smoke smell. Special fans were used to help clean the air in the hallways, but they weren't put in apartments. For my apartment I opened all windows and placed fans blowing outwards, and used an air purifier and AC. I did that for at least a few hours at …

Hello you all! The free video game Sea Hero Quest challenges the player's navigation ability wikipedia Many people played, so their performance enables statistics, the trick that lets scam look scientific. One study found correlations with countries' GDP per capita and gender gap biorxiv.org or hal.archives-ouvertes.fr or (restricted) sciencedirect.com but I see only a correlation there. Strong counter-examples in the paper's map tell that the relation is weak: South Africa, Russia and Malaysia fare better than the richer Italy and Spain. So could there be better relationships? Do countries of seafarers obtain better results? Not really. The Filippi…

Do you think the tse tse fly might be the reson why civilization in Africa never developed to the same level as in Europe/ It carries deadly diseases that kill livestock like crazy. Therefore draft animals never took hold in Sub Saharan Africa, severely limiting amount of available power.

Some trees/plants are called 'true seed something' grow; as peaches, a seed from the supermarket bought peach will produce a 'true peach'. Some others as avocado, apple, do not yield a fruit exact as its planted seed parent. What is the botany 'category' or 'family' or 'genus' or its 'clasification' name for one or the other ? As to know if one fruit produces exact same genetic fruit; or needs to be grafted ? Which name here explains/defines it ? Example is for pear: Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms …

Good day. Please move to another section as deserved. Conquerors, migrants, as in the 'discovery' and settlement of Australia, America, Oceania, Africa as by europeans half a milennia ago was reported as finding savages, uncivilized tribes, with poor justice practices, perhaps ignorants surrounded by gods, myths... Is there any recorded opinion as what did the conquered tribes and civilizations thought of their conquerors and their guns, riding horses, methods of building dwellings, transportation using wheels, tools, clothing, writing, inventions... ? What did those tribes think of their conquerors ? Those currently isolated amazonian and other tribes, …

Hello everybody! The material used for the walls of woodwind instruments, and its real, perceived, imagined or absent influence on the sound and ease of playing, has been and is the controversial matter of recurrent discussions that I gladly reopen here. The air column is the essential vibrating element of a wind instrument, the walls are not, but this is only a first analysis. The walls are commonly made of wood (sometimes cane, bamboo etc.), metal, or polymer aka plastic, which manufacturers call "resin" to look less cheap. Mixes exist too, with short reinforcement fibres or wood dust filling a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin ("Resotone" for instance). I'…

Hello everyone ! Could liquid crystal polymer make mouthpieces for brass wind instruments? Mouthpieces are almost always made of metal presently. Wood is too sensitive to saliva, usual polymers sound badly supposedly because they aren't stiff enough. But metal is cold when playing outside or in a church. With high mechanical damping and 10GPa Young's modulus, more if loaded with graphite choppers for instance, LCP should perform better than usual polymers. If the sound is decent but differs from metal, it may fit some scores. At least Vectra A950 is authorized for food contact by the FDA. LCP can be processed by injection to make cheaper mouthpieces. …

Hello Is there a right order to stack lenses that magnify? For example if I have lens with 6x magnification and a lens with 2x magnification which order would I stack them to get 8x magnification. Do I put the 2x lens on top of the 6x lens or 6x lens on top of the 2x lens or it doesn't matter? Thank you

I always believed that evolution was a completely random, undirected process, simply the result of random mutations and chance events. But then I read about the 'Infinite monkey theorem' experiment: “Given fifty-eight possible keys, it would be 58 x 58 x 58 x 58 ... fifteen times over, which is about 283 trillion trillion attempts. But remember we have a million monkeys working, and let's say they type forty-five words a minute, so the fifteen keystrokes that make up the phrase take just four seconds. And they never rest or sleep. How much time, then, according to probability laws, before one of them finally types, “Call me Ishmael”? Answer: about 36 trillion years…

What money does When one uses money to do something, the usage of money reduces the time and effort one has to spend to do this something, because if you REALLY think otherwise… When one uses money to do something, the usage of money doesn’t reduce the time and effort one has to spend to do this something, but if you think this is REALLY ok for you… If in the end, when one uses money to do something, the usage of money doesn’t reduce the time and effort one has to spend to do something, it doesn’t seem to me one knows how to use money…does it seem to you…idiot? (Store of value, medium of exchange, unit of account…tell that next tim…

... Hi. When I was at school 1989 we played a 3D Tetris game called BlockOut. I was best at school at a level called: Out of control. About 3 years ago I found BlockOut online and challenged students at universities and I am almost twice as good as the best at level: Out of control. I have always around 100 000 points at the level: Out of control. My question is Do I have a high spatial ability IQ or am I just good at the game BlockOut? Regards M.Sc. Magnus ......

Hello dear musicians, music lovers and everyone! I'd like to describe fingerings for music instruments with tone holes (which almost means woodwinds) and the associated mechanics. My goals for these fingerings are: Open all holes below the height-defining one, at least on the two first registers; Have no difficult key nor sequence of notes; Not need to close a hole and open an other simultaneously, at least on the two first registers. That's a difficulty of the flute; Need few tone holes regularly spaced and reasonable mechanics; But I don't primarily address the ease or possibility to disassemble the instrument. 1) and 4) make the sound quality more even and let build…

Wikipedia says the results were published on April 7th but I can't find it online with a google search. Which leads me to question, where do most scientists (mostly physicists) publish their experimental data and theories?

An amateur discovered a theory that in a significant relevant sense is more general than group theory. The amateur wrote a very long scientific article (~400 pages), put Creative Commons on it and then mis-published it (this time instead of publishing in a predatory journal, it was published in a Russian scientific site with no English UI to purchase). So, the long article has very few downloads. Nobody does research on this topic, because scientific priority tradition forbids publishing on others' research topics. To made things worse, it was also discovered discontinuous analysis that relies on this fundamental theory. So the world almost fully …

What determines viability in grafting a tree, like a cherry branch into a peach trunk. Do the classification taxonomy terms tell what is compatible ?, clade, order, family, genus, species... Also, Is it possible to graft a branch of a male say pistachio tree onto a female pistachio trunk and obtain a self pollinating (by proximity) tree species ?

Is it a toxicologist, venomologist or a toxincologist, or something else? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks very much!

An investigation of the effects of the blade camber_direction and the pitch_angle on the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) by using Gurney flaps shows the inward Gurney_flap is superior at a pitch angle of less than 10 degrees, while the outward Gurney flap is effective at a pitch angle of more than 10 degrees. See more: https://tinyurl.com/d7a6vmd6

Hello everyone and everybody! Some string instruments have parts, notably a fingerboard, commonly made of ebony: some Diospyros species, sometimes a Dalbergia species Fingerboard , Ebony , Diospyros , Dalbergia on wikipedia Ebony has drawbacks: the trade and travel of many Diospyros and Dalbergia species is restricted, even as components of an instrument; it takes many years to dry before processing; and it's expensive. Replacements were proposed, including hard rubber "ebonite", which has only 1/10th the stiffness of ebony and maybe not the resistence to abrasion. My suggestion is a polymer loaded with short graphite fibres with random orientation. Th…

What limits the human body to running above 9 seconds and/or not even faster? I once saw a documentary about ancient aboriginals who lived in Australia, some guy said based on the footprints left behind he said that the aboriginal could run faster than Usain Bolt. Makes me wonder about whether people out there could exist that are faster than Usain Bolt or more generally what kind of people are hidden away that have hidden talents. But basically my question at the top! Thanks in advance Can't edit my answer for some reason, just has a small blank box that doesn't open bigger with my original post. Reason for edit: I mean running faster than 9 second…

A text that explains how and why patriarchy and highlights some of the paralogisms that we have been focusing on for... For some time. url deleted #OriginofPatriarchy

The system of notes is based on the fact that a certain frequency is taken, and in the next octave the same frequency, a multiple of two, is considered the same note. However, if we took a different multiplication, the notes would be in different frequencies. This means that objectively the notes are just a convention. Why, then, is it claimed that notes can be heard and distinguished from birth?

It was generally accepted that modern americans(not only US) in general descendants of Europeans, but dna-genealogy says that almost all of them are from Asia, from region of Altay. How it influenced on modern history science? And not only male but also female genes of Asian origin