Applied Chemistry

My child is doing her first full-blown science project. We decided to test the effects of four popular soft drinks on three objects: A chicken bone, a nail and stew meat. These are the observable changes in those jars with the stew meat: (1) Dark "cola" product looses its color (2) A sludge-like substance has settled to the bottom of the jar. We have different hypotheses as to what the sludge is: (1) Something in the meat or a chemical reaction between the meat and the cola caused the caramel coloring to come out of solution, form a solid and settle to the bottom. (2) The cola caused the blood to leach out of the meat, coagulate, and fall to the bottom …

Advice on the best material/method to prevent condensation on plastic/glass at the lowest possible cost. New venture I'm looking at currently a refrigeration engineer. Any useful help will be rewarded in equity in the buisness if it develops to a production standard.

Hello everyone. Just a quick question which I can't seem to find any definite answer to online. "Would silicon dioxide (uncoated SiO2 Wafer) react with hydrated sodium aluminate at any temp" Also if it does, could someone posit a possible way of calculating the rate (over temp/ surface area exposed) and reaction process. (if not; an experimental procedure to determine this) Thanks alot for any help offered. Cheers

Hi, What does this dischrage/charge curve represent and what is the chemistry behind it? What do the curves represent and what does gravimetric and areal capacity mean? Thank you very much.

Hello everyone, I have anhydrous caffeine and wanted to make a skin serum with it. From Google, caffeine only dissolves 15 mg/ml both in ethanol and water which should max give us 1.5% of caffeine in ethanol/water solvents. However, a 5% caffeine serum on the internet has this as its ingredients Water, Caffeine, Maltodextrin, Glycerin, Propanediol, Epigallocatechin Gallatyl Glucoside, Gallyl Glucoside, Hyaluronic Acid, Oxidized Glutathione, Melanin, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Seed Extract, Urea, Pentylene Glycol, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Xanthan gum, Lactic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate,…

Hello, As I understand, bromine is required to form N-Bromosaccharin. However, pure, liquid bromine is heavily regulated in my country. Is there anything that I can use as a substitute to pure, liquid bromine? Thank you.

Can I also make the beeswax liquid at 10 degrees Celsius and solid at 20 degrees Celsius?

Hey guys. Joigus and Studiot might remember me :) I'm here because I have a question (not a doubt ;) ) Well, let me Introduce myself. I'm 18 years old, I study chem eng (first year, I'm a Freshman hahaha) in Madrid (so maybe my English is a bit weird, so, please, correct me in any errors you might observe). I've been having doubts about what to study since I was 15 years old. Last year (my last year in high school) I reduced my options to only two. Chemical Engineering and Chemistry. I tried to research as much as I could, but I lacked time, so I entered Chem (it was a very hard decision). It's not that I don't like the Subjects, I love them. But I don't k…

Hi everyone hope you all safe and healthy, I followed the procedure of Kolthoff and Carr "Introduce a measured volume of the persulfate solution containing from 5 to 500 mg. of potassium persulfate into a 125-ml. iodine flask, add water (sufficient to bring the volume to 30 ml.) and 4 grams of potassium iodide. Stopper the flask until all iodide is dissolved and allow it to stand for 15 minutes. Acidify with 1 to 2 ml. of 6 N acetic acid and titrate the iodine with 0.01 or 0.1 N thiosulfate. Apply an indicator correction if necessary." I started preliminary tests prior to my experiments and try to understand in which concentrations of persulfate vary between a…

Howdy, Recently I have been practicing pipetting small volumes (approx 10 uL). I have been holding the pipette at a 45 degree angle, and I don't normally have the problem with larger volumes. I make sure to press all the way down but still somehow find a way to let the very last bit to come back into the tip upon release. This is also in particular with a single volume pipette. My only thought is that maybe I am pressing the tip too much against the wall? Any help would be appreciated, Nuck Chorris

Hi. The typical suggestion found is to use hot baking soda (base) paste/solution to dissolve/neutralize the acid (as read somewhere) But the corrosion buildup is a salt; isn't it ? Like copper sulphate ? Also found the use of vinegar often mentioned. But vinegar is an acid. How that works ? What about borax ? What about Portland cement (strong base) ? Would they work cleaning the corrosion well enough ?

Hey all I'm working on an odd project right now that involves melting down sodium chloride (salt), as well as other salts (like potassium carbonate). However, I need to buy a crucible. I came across this post from another forum that led me to be very cautious in buying the right kind of crucible. https://4hv.org/e107_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?67080 Apparently, molten salt has a low surface tension, leading it to seep through cracks and pours that would otherwise hold water. So clay-graphite crucibles are out. I'm thinking fused quartz. Would this be a viable solution? What other kinds of crucible would work? Thanks Mica

I recently did an experiment where I used mixed plastic (Rubber, PVC etc.) and burned, and condensed them to form oil. The problem with this is that is also forms HCl of PH 1 which is very dangerous and due to this HCl being produced the experiment cant be used in the real world on a large scale. Is there a way to prevent this HCl from being produced. From my research i found that the HCl is being produced because of the PVC present in the mixed plastic, is there a way to segregate the PVC.

Dear community! Obviously, the Joule Thomson coefficient is a function of pressure and temperature, as inversion temperature plots show. Thus, I was wondering why this is the case. I found an explanation that says that depending on the pressure, either repelling forces or attractive forces predominate and according to conservation of energy, when the gas expands without a change in enthalpy the thermal energy and therefore the temperature has to decrease when the potential energy is increasing and vice versa - resulting in a positive JT-coefficient when attractive forces predominate and a negative JT-coefficient when repelling forces predominate. This seems reasonab…

How does an electron add up(enters) in the valance shell of an atom? Why is energy released when an electron adds up in the valance shell of an isolated atom.

Hello, thank you for your interest in helping. 1. How would I determine the quantity of KS04 to add to 5 pounds of clay with a CEC of 100 meq./100g in order to provided double the potassium ions in solution as there exchanges sites. I want to saturate a clay sample with potassium? Are there any tricks to getting ions moving other than adding more ions or creating movement in the water like using specific salts of potassium or maybe a third wheel ion like Na that would add to the pressure I am trying to push out the exchangeable aluminum from the clay before I use them in an aquarium soil where it could cause problems for a long time. 2. How do I use the ion ex…

Hi, I can't find much information about concentrated hydrochloric acid and the uses for it. I find much information about regular hydrochloric acid, for exemaple that it is used to regulare pH in stuff and are additives in food. Can you plz give me some examples of what concentrated hydrochloric acid is used for and how it differs from regular hydrochloric acid.

Hi! Which of these points would be a dead time? 2.3 is not marked with a number so is it 3.7?

I have a question about HPLC. My peak is very small (it’s more like a little line). It is definitely not like Gauss peak, but I have to find column efficiency. Can I calculate it using the formula Ne=16*(t’r/Wb)^2? Or what else should I do? I found the information that I can only calculate it when the peak is big.

What formula is used to calculate the ideal ejection reactor volume ?

Greetings. If you have a flat or satin paint; what can be added to make it glossy ?

I like to produce/prepare acid HCl, or H2SO4 in the lab from NaCl or Na2SO4 by electrochemical method. Please let me know what electrodes, ion exchange membrane, potential, and current suitable. I am interested to use Anion exchange membrane. Acid conc. 4% is good enough for preparation. Please let me know. Thank you

Hi, Im performing a cleansing/biofilm removal of my company's in house DI water system. In the literature I find most groups run 2% NaOH at elevated temp (50-60C). The articles I've found (attached) however do not specify what 2 percent is (w/w?, v/v?, mol/mol?, w/v?)! Is there a specific etiquette about alkali solutions in industry? If anyone has any experience with biofilm removal and could weigh in that would be very much appreciated, or if anyone has access to literature databases and is able to find other articles which provide this information. Thank you! Biofilms vs Chemicals paper.pdf Removal of Biofilm atricle.pdf

If metals are bonded by sea of electrons then why don't two metal pieces combine when put together?

Hello, I made a new account for this question. I'm in Thailand at the moment and tomorrow I can fly back to my home country. The only problem is that I am terrified. Me and my roommate gave a party at our apartment and it went a bit crazy. There where many drugs... I don't use them myself but they touched my stuff like laptop and tables. I'm afraid if I fly tomorrow and have these things with me the drugs dogs will sniff me out. I will have no drugs on me, of course, but I really don't want to be a suspect of a smuggler. My question is what is the best way to clean my stuff so not even the best drug dogs could sniff me out. I think the removal of a chemical ,…