Biology

Hello, Ok I researched it but I don't understand. What I understand is that when one molecule normally diffuses(high to low) another molecule from a (low to high gradient) attaches to the carrier protein. How does this molecule attach without ATP? I don't get it. Any help would be appreciated. I'm talking about membrane transport of course!!

1.Can cholestrol be stored in adipoctytes or is it only stored in liver? 2. If it only stored in liver how does choletrol turn into vitamin d when exposed to sunlight? 3. How does exercise increase HDL? 4. What exactly is HDL and LDL. I researched about this but I don't get it. How are they created?

They can only collect and multiply when they need. They are not bone marrow Am I right?

Ok as the title suggests I want to clear up my misunderstandings on protein structure. 1. When they say primary,secondary,tertiary and quarternary structure do they mean different stages of a protein. What I mean is do all proteins have a tertiary or quarternary structure and are primary,secondary structures simply stages of them before they became a protein. Or do some proteins remain in secondary or primary structure. 2. "Myoglobin is a single-chain globular protein of 153 amino acids, containing a heme (iron-containing porphyrin) prosthetic group in the center around which the remaining apoprotein folds. It has eight alpha helices and a hydrophobic core. "(wikiped…

I just accidentally removed a tick. I scratched it away when I felt something on my arm. Having removed it accidentally means that I did so carelessly. The needle was probably still in the skin. Not having tweezers, I tried to remove it with a knife, hopefully successfully, but if I hit the needle itself, this might only have made it worse. I'm pretty sure I got this tick today. Is it possible to have symptoms after one day of exposure?

I need some ideas on hibernating animals amphibians preferably that are frog sized.

Hi All Does anybody know of the mechanism of, or any evidence of, sexual reproduction in amoeba? ta Dougal

1. Why can't antibodies enter virus infected cells. Why can't virus infected cells make their membrane permeable for antibodies. 2. Why doesn't the body create antibodies against self. What is the mechanism behind the body knowing which cells are self and non self. 3.How do memory cells increase the response second time. Do the antigens get bind to memory cells quicker and then the process activates faster. 4. How are white blood cells produced in lymph? Thank you!!

I created an argument. Is Transhumanism right? (Human enhancement), (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism) I think i have proven that it is, argument is below, if you disagree to my point of view then please enlighten me with your point of view of this matter. Argument : Is transhumanism right? Yes it is.(my opinion from thinking logically) thousands of years ago when the human species started using fire and later on tools to enhance their daily problems evolution began. The humans started thinking about how things worked thus figuring out problems that could enhance their ability to understand and progressing to more advanced/complex problems wi…

wikipedia-In biology and medicine, an epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body.[1] Many glands are also formed from epithelial tissue.[2] It lies on top of connective tissue, and the two layers are separated by a basement membrane.[3] When they say line the cavities and structures do the mean inside or outside. Does epithelium create a membrane outside or is it inside the membrane like villi in the intestine. What does the term line in imply. Thank you!!

"Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution (osmol/L). " but osmole mean particles that contribute to osmotic pressue. Meaning non permeable particles But osmolarity measures non permeable and permeable particles So is this definition wrong. Thank you

Ok I searched and found this as the answer from a previous topic "The sodium potassium pump is required to maintain osmotic balance and stabilize the cells volume. If you treat an animal cell with ouabain, which inhibits the Na+/K+ pump, it will swell and often burst. Cells contain mostly negatively charged organic molecules, so they require cations for a counter charge balance: K+. This will create a large osmotic gradients, that would pull water into the cell, so it will pump out Na+. The pump is also able to generate membrane potential in nerve cells because of its electrogenic effect, but 90% of the membrane potential depends indirectly on the Na+/K+ pump.…

In bacterial transduction bacteriophages contain DNA from other bacteria and infect other cells. My question is how can this occur because afer bacteriophage infects a bacteria it would die. So even if it got new bacterial DNA it would still die.

Due to colloid osmotic pressure reabsorption occurs but only water is absorbed. So how do they absorb ions and other solutes. Are they mixed in water? Thank you!!

We were outside of school one day, & we found this crab. Can you please help us identify it? FYI: ~It was dead, with the insides hallow. ~We are not near any bodies of water. ~Found in Littlestown, PA (South Central PA)

I know common knowledge is that there's absolutely NOTHING wrong with sex day in and day out but I still tend to feel like my flu symptoms get much worse after a seven or eight rounds of God-Like, Triathlon Sex. But seriously, I really can't think of a reason for feeling crummier after sex than the somewhat lame reasoning that my testes are busy making more sperm and somehow this takes energy away from the processes that are trying to make me well again. Also, I'm guessing there may be some bacteria exchanged that my body is fighting off.(?) Or maybe it's just the afterglow...or whatever the opposite of afterglow is. A sudden drop in Dopamine or somethin…

I am currently in my 3rd year of high school and I was wondering what to major for university if I was aiming to "cure aging", like what Aubrey de Grey is doing. I thought a few times about Gerontology, but since I had the impression that Gerontology branches mostly focuses on how to make old people feel comfortable psychologically, instead of the actually biological aspects of Gerontology. The Gerontology course includes bio gerontology but I was wondering if it would be better if I went into general biology instead of just Gerontology.

what is pain its a way for your body to tell you its hurt but if thats it a warning how come some people feel pain easier then others

Dear Friends and Colleagues, We extend a warm welcome to the leading scientists, doctors, industrialists and young researchers to BIT Life Sciences’ 1st Annual World Congress of Immunodiseases and Therapy 2010 (WCIT-2010) with the theme of “Boosting Health and Vitality”, which will take place in Beijing, China on May 15-17, 2010. With your great contributions in the study and research on immunology, you are expected to take part in this international and compositive conference. The program track info at the bottom of the e-mail is for your reference. WCIT is a focused conference to present and deliberate the advances in immunology, which is significant, timely and i…

I can't seem to find this anywhere. I know that the nervous system produces a magnetic field, as it basically consists of electrical conductors. What I wonder is, how strong is this magnetic field in teslas?

When ATP is converted to ADP one bond is broken and a phosphate group is liberated. But shouldn't energy be put in to the molecule to break a bond? If that's the case, how does breaking the phosphate bond allow ATP to give energy to other molecules?

humans are very emotional creature's but what sparks emotion and how is it some people just crack and burst into tears whereas in the same situation someone could just stand there showing no emotion at all. so basically what causes emotion?

I was just curious as my old body wears out if anybody knew if a person could innocently pop a neck spasm and wind up a parapalegic? I crashed my motorcycle a few times and know occaisionally my neck will get stiff. With a little movement and force I can hear a nice pop and get free movement again. I just wondered if people have really messed themselves up that way. Just aman

Some of the best tasting food is often classified as not good for you. For example, a steak with a lot of fat marbling is often better tasting, but will be higher in fat, which is not considered good for you. Children love high sugar, such as in candy and ice cream, etc. Sugar free is an acquired taste which may not be chosen if there was the sugar option and not guilt or fear trip. Does better tasting food have a genetic parallel that has evolved. Does the best taste define what is premium for the body like an instinct. Maybe in the natural environment, where one is more active and meals are more hit and miss, these foods offer the body the most since it has a plea…

Why is it that we always feel groggy after we take a flight to another time zone, most commonly known as "jet lag?" I mean, if I'm in Los Angelas, and I take a four-hour flight to the Bahamas, which is four time zones ahead of LA, then the time should only increase by eight hours, meaning if my plane takes off at 9am, it should only be 5pm. So, why is that, despite the fact that I'm spending 8 hours playing my DS and text messaging on my phone, I still feel as tired and groggy as if I had spent 8 hours in a factory? EDIT: Btw, I've never been on a plane before in my life, so if I'm confused about something I wouldn't be if I had ever flown before, forgive me.