Other Sciences

Some trees/plants are called 'true seed something' grow; as peaches, a seed from the supermarket bought peach will produce a 'true peach'. Some others as avocado, apple, do not yield a fruit exact as its planted seed parent. What is the botany 'category' or 'family' or 'genus' or its 'clasification' name for one or the other ? As to know if one fruit produces exact same genetic fruit; or needs to be grafted ? Which name here explains/defines it ? Example is for pear: Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms …

Good day. Please move to another section as deserved. Conquerors, migrants, as in the 'discovery' and settlement of Australia, America, Oceania, Africa as by europeans half a milennia ago was reported as finding savages, uncivilized tribes, with poor justice practices, perhaps ignorants surrounded by gods, myths... Is there any recorded opinion as what did the conquered tribes and civilizations thought of their conquerors and their guns, riding horses, methods of building dwellings, transportation using wheels, tools, clothing, writing, inventions... ? What did those tribes think of their conquerors ? Those currently isolated amazonian and other tribes, …

Hello everybody! The material used for the walls of woodwind instruments, and its real, perceived, imagined or absent influence on the sound and ease of playing, has been and is the controversial matter of recurrent discussions that I gladly reopen here. The air column is the essential vibrating element of a wind instrument, the walls are not, but this is only a first analysis. The walls are commonly made of wood (sometimes cane, bamboo etc.), metal, or polymer aka plastic, which manufacturers call "resin" to look less cheap. Mixes exist too, with short reinforcement fibres or wood dust filling a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin ("Resotone" for instance). I'…

Hello everyone ! Could liquid crystal polymer make mouthpieces for brass wind instruments? Mouthpieces are almost always made of metal presently. Wood is too sensitive to saliva, usual polymers sound badly supposedly because they aren't stiff enough. But metal is cold when playing outside or in a church. With high mechanical damping and 10GPa Young's modulus, more if loaded with graphite choppers for instance, LCP should perform better than usual polymers. If the sound is decent but differs from metal, it may fit some scores. At least Vectra A950 is authorized for food contact by the FDA. LCP can be processed by injection to make cheaper mouthpieces. …

Hello Is there a right order to stack lenses that magnify? For example if I have lens with 6x magnification and a lens with 2x magnification which order would I stack them to get 8x magnification. Do I put the 2x lens on top of the 6x lens or 6x lens on top of the 2x lens or it doesn't matter? Thank you

I always believed that evolution was a completely random, undirected process, simply the result of random mutations and chance events. But then I read about the 'Infinite monkey theorem' experiment: “Given fifty-eight possible keys, it would be 58 x 58 x 58 x 58 ... fifteen times over, which is about 283 trillion trillion attempts. But remember we have a million monkeys working, and let's say they type forty-five words a minute, so the fifteen keystrokes that make up the phrase take just four seconds. And they never rest or sleep. How much time, then, according to probability laws, before one of them finally types, “Call me Ishmael”? Answer: about 36 trillion years…

What money does When one uses money to do something, the usage of money reduces the time and effort one has to spend to do this something, because if you REALLY think otherwise… When one uses money to do something, the usage of money doesn’t reduce the time and effort one has to spend to do this something, but if you think this is REALLY ok for you… If in the end, when one uses money to do something, the usage of money doesn’t reduce the time and effort one has to spend to do something, it doesn’t seem to me one knows how to use money…does it seem to you…idiot? (Store of value, medium of exchange, unit of account…tell that next tim…

... Hi. When I was at school 1989 we played a 3D Tetris game called BlockOut. I was best at school at a level called: Out of control. About 3 years ago I found BlockOut online and challenged students at universities and I am almost twice as good as the best at level: Out of control. I have always around 100 000 points at the level: Out of control. My question is Do I have a high spatial ability IQ or am I just good at the game BlockOut? Regards M.Sc. Magnus ......

Hello dear musicians, music lovers and everyone! I'd like to describe fingerings for music instruments with tone holes (which almost means woodwinds) and the associated mechanics. My goals for these fingerings are: Open all holes below the height-defining one, at least on the two first registers; Have no difficult key nor sequence of notes; Not need to close a hole and open an other simultaneously, at least on the two first registers. That's a difficulty of the flute; Need few tone holes regularly spaced and reasonable mechanics; But I don't primarily address the ease or possibility to disassemble the instrument. 1) and 4) make the sound quality more even and let build…

Wikipedia says the results were published on April 7th but I can't find it online with a google search. Which leads me to question, where do most scientists (mostly physicists) publish their experimental data and theories?

An amateur discovered a theory that in a significant relevant sense is more general than group theory. The amateur wrote a very long scientific article (~400 pages), put Creative Commons on it and then mis-published it (this time instead of publishing in a predatory journal, it was published in a Russian scientific site with no English UI to purchase). So, the long article has very few downloads. Nobody does research on this topic, because scientific priority tradition forbids publishing on others' research topics. To made things worse, it was also discovered discontinuous analysis that relies on this fundamental theory. So the world almost fully …

What determines viability in grafting a tree, like a cherry branch into a peach trunk. Do the classification taxonomy terms tell what is compatible ?, clade, order, family, genus, species... Also, Is it possible to graft a branch of a male say pistachio tree onto a female pistachio trunk and obtain a self pollinating (by proximity) tree species ?

Is it a toxicologist, venomologist or a toxincologist, or something else? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks very much!

An investigation of the effects of the blade camber_direction and the pitch_angle on the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) by using Gurney flaps shows the inward Gurney_flap is superior at a pitch angle of less than 10 degrees, while the outward Gurney flap is effective at a pitch angle of more than 10 degrees. See more: https://tinyurl.com/d7a6vmd6

Hello everyone and everybody! Some string instruments have parts, notably a fingerboard, commonly made of ebony: some Diospyros species, sometimes a Dalbergia species Fingerboard , Ebony , Diospyros , Dalbergia on wikipedia Ebony has drawbacks: the trade and travel of many Diospyros and Dalbergia species is restricted, even as components of an instrument; it takes many years to dry before processing; and it's expensive. Replacements were proposed, including hard rubber "ebonite", which has only 1/10th the stiffness of ebony and maybe not the resistence to abrasion. My suggestion is a polymer loaded with short graphite fibres with random orientation. Th…

What limits the human body to running above 9 seconds and/or not even faster? I once saw a documentary about ancient aboriginals who lived in Australia, some guy said based on the footprints left behind he said that the aboriginal could run faster than Usain Bolt. Makes me wonder about whether people out there could exist that are faster than Usain Bolt or more generally what kind of people are hidden away that have hidden talents. But basically my question at the top! Thanks in advance Can't edit my answer for some reason, just has a small blank box that doesn't open bigger with my original post. Reason for edit: I mean running faster than 9 second…

A text that explains how and why patriarchy and highlights some of the paralogisms that we have been focusing on for... For some time. url deleted #OriginofPatriarchy

The system of notes is based on the fact that a certain frequency is taken, and in the next octave the same frequency, a multiple of two, is considered the same note. However, if we took a different multiplication, the notes would be in different frequencies. This means that objectively the notes are just a convention. Why, then, is it claimed that notes can be heard and distinguished from birth?

It was generally accepted that modern americans(not only US) in general descendants of Europeans, but dna-genealogy says that almost all of them are from Asia, from region of Altay. How it influenced on modern history science? And not only male but also female genes of Asian origin

This can include your preferred Hypothesis or theory, Big bang, Big bounce , Inflation , The big bulk... ect. Please write the name of the Hypothesis / theory at the top of the page, With examples of any problems you see with that Hypothesis / theory below. Please respect everyone's views and only comment on the ideas that best fit your own preferences, So two proponents of the Big bang can disagree on a subject as a example. Kind regards, Rick

Was thinking about how people measure stuff to find their length, width, weight etc and was wondering if there is something that describes the fact that we can't measure things to exact numbers. Like measuring things with a 60cm ruler is only approximating it right? I was wondering if this applies to all things that require measurements in the world, even experiments that we do, even examining the speed of light. How can we perfectly measure something if we are always trying to find an exact point to which to measure to and from (that doesn't exist). And with my limited knowledge I know that at quantum scale there are sub atomic particles and I think these have no fixed p…

There are 4 states of matter, Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma, since a state of matter can go through Solid Liquid and Gas and some plasma, is it possible for farts to turn to fart liquid, or fart solid? Can this also happen to burps? Burp liquid, fart liquid, burp solid, fart solid. The only reason this is not in spam is because I'm being serious. You would have to catch a fart underwater like in the bathtub and catch the bubbles. Air consists of Carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, so you would have to get a pure fart from underwater, or a burp I guess x.x... However, a fart has bacteria, intestinal gasses, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, all together the comp…

Just through lurking these forums I see people post their theories about what may be possible but most of the time cannot back up. I am talking specifically about physics. Has it always been something left for professionals to work on or has their ever been times when hobbyists have contributed in some way? What comes of discussing physics if you are simply a member of the general public and not a professional scientist/physicist?

Is there a link to the process in which is done for layman to read. Random thought is what if someone just fakes a result to get a desired outcome. Is there like a group of people/association that you must inform and must be there to verify everything that is done in the experiment and whether it is valid etc.

I feel like I have a weird amount of control over parts of my body. But there's one thing I've been able to do that I've never really had an answer for... This is very hard to explain, but I'll try my best. I can voluntarily induce a strong sensation that envelops most of my body. It almost feels like when you fall on a rollercoaster, but slightly different. It doesn't feel like I'm really moving a muscle or anything, just that I'm letting the feeling come in to me. It's like an extreme sinking feeling, and it's overwhelming to the point where I can't hold on to it for more than a few seconds at a time. I could go on about it, but I'm not sure if I'd be able to…