Microbiology and Immunology

I have several questions regarding cancer causes and proliferaiton and I would like to learn more about it. For example: Do germline mutations occur during meiosis? If that's the case, during which phase occur the DNA damage? What genes are directly involved in cancer growth? Why lung cancer can undergo metastases relatively faster compared to other types of cancer? Do you think cancer is a cell based process, as stated by the Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT) or it takes place at the tissue level of a biological organization, as Tissue Oranization Field Theory implies?

Hi all, DO the CH1 domains of the different antibody isotypes differ in sequence? Thanks!

I am not a pathologist, nor a specialist in really anything anymore, but when an bacteria is removed from a human body, especially one known to have traveled to a foreign country containing different bacteria from the local inhabitants, aren't there legal guidelines, and ethical ones, in the form of laboratory procedures meant to be followed for identifying the strain of bacteria to prevent possible spread should it be a bacteria not local but easily treated, or in the case of a new strain new treatments found to prevent a pandemic?

Since some of primers I designed did not work well, what should I do rather than resign them ? Which software I need to use to resign, the same as the previous one or the new one? Thank you for your quick reply. Last time , I just use primer 3 plus.

*** I am not seeking medical advice *** A recent poison ivy rash made me curious as to what exactly is happening when a rash "weeps". So far I've discovered that urushiol changes proteins in your skin prompting T Cells to call their brothers the macrophages and others to destroy your otherwise healthy skin. During the immune response, the rash "weeps". My question is, is the weeping a result of the cell lysis? Without putting the contents of whatever is coming out of the rash under a microscope, would I be far off in assuming that the fluid coming out of the rash is lysate or cytoplasm and cellular material? Just curious. Thanks in advance :)

Researches are studying hard to replace stem cells in type 1 diabetes. Because, pluripotent stem cells can produce functional β-like cells. But I have a question. Non-functional β cells in type 1 diabetes are the result of immune response. So, your blood consists of memory T and B lymphocytes which target your own pancreatic cells as enemy. So, even if you replace your non-functional cells, they will maintain targeting and harm your own cells. So why are the scientists trying to solve a problem in that way? If they replaced the harmed cells with functional cells, would it be a persistent treatment? Isn't it logical?

Here is the video that I am scratching my head about. https://youtu.be/P0QB96RrGdM I don't remember enough immunology from training to confirm or deny. I am a beekeeper now and I breath in enough bee dander, dust and and particulate matter BUT, in 5 years I have not allowed myself to be fully stung but 2 times and minor stings through the gloves a few more times.....but never full on envenomations. My wife has been fully stung more than I have as a bee keeper, and my daughter have never really been stung. Since they are only exposed to antigens on a passive basis, are they being setup for the big "A" some day? When I do get a taste of a sting th…

https://www.google.co.in/amp/emgn.com/entertainment/8-diseases-still-havent-found-cure/amp/ Out of the 8 diseases given, which are the diseases where do you feel a cure and a vaccine can likely be developed? Is it all? 1 Polio : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 2 Ebola : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 3 Schizophrenia : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 4 HIV/AIDS : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 5 Diabetes : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 6 Asthma : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes/No 7 Cancer : Cure : Yes/No Vaccine : Yes…

Hi, I wonder why vaccines are not injected directly into the bloodstream? Why is it better that it takes like 40 minutes to an hour instead of directly? What would happen if you were to do it?

Hi, I know how allergies works and how the body gets affected by it. What I wonder is why do you get allergic in the first place? Why will the body get sensitive to different things like pollen in the first place when some people are not?

Hi, I have rash from my watch. I switch wrist when I sleep, but I always want to keep my watch on because it measures health information and sleep data. It also needs to sit tight for accurate measurement. I wonder if it's bad for the body when you have rashes like mine even if it doesn't hurt or is it ok? Look at the image I attached. It's the same on the other side as well but a round mark and it's on both wrists.

Hi Please I want to know, Different between boric acid and sodium bicarbonate. The use of boric acid in the body and sodium bicarbonate. Thank you all.

More specific CRISPR tools are advancing, do you think we are approaching a new era in gene editing?

Is anyone aware of current research being done on necrotizing fasciitis? Any current research projects are of interest to me, but particularly those studying its epidemiology and new treatments (other than known surgical, antibiotic, and topical treatments.)

Can children inherit something caused by outside causes. Something that their parents got during their life? Like HIV, losing hearing, something broken...

Hi All, I make yogurt and Kefir at home, which involved simply adding a bacterial starter to some milk, then leaving it at 32°C-ish for a few hours, (or a day in the case of Kefir) inside an incubator. I see that the starter cultures usually contain some of the following probiotic species: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactococcus lactis, and others. I wondered if there is a way to add other probiotic species such as L.Reuteri, or L. Rhamnosus. Can I just empty out the contents of a probiotic capsule into th…

I was half asleep when I peed this morning. I'm female. I wiped myself after peeing (i may or may not have got pee on my hand), but either way, i would've touched my genitals . I got totally sidetracked and forgot to wash my hands. I was crawling back into bed when i realised i hadn't washed my hands...i washed them then but by that point, i'd already touched my phone, bedsheets and other things. I don't have a UTI. Am I likely to have spread something harmful?

I’ve had these questions/ideas (attached image) after reading “The Great Influenza” by John Barry and was wondering if anybody could add anything or point me in a direction where I could find more information.

I have had skin reactions Which I thought were bed bugs. However, 2 Pest companies have said that there is no bug activity in my flat. Nonetheless, I am still getting “bitten”. Whilst cleaning my tiles in kitchen with household cleaner with bleach (always used it), everywhere went red like blood was oozing and the smell is awful. Tiles, cardboard, wood, paper, plastic all appeared to bleed. Any ideas ? Could it be a bacteria as lately I have suffered breathing problems, fevers and headaches. Hopefully, I can attach pictures. I can email anyone who is interested or knows what it is the other pics and video of it happening. I’m at my wits end and have lef…

i have to post this again because I posted the first question incorrectly. I know one person that spit in one persons food a lot when he was a child and now he looks like him. they spent a lot of time close. can you explain this? thank you

There is "penis" looking microbes I suggest, but don't know what they are.

If all antibiotics were rendered as useless why can’t we just switch to sulfanmides.... I’ve read that it may have terrible side effects but couldn’t it be an Alternative

We have a new Vitek. My director seems to think we need to validate every organism identification by testing that particular organism on an ID card and even running at least 5 of that same organism to be able to report that ID. Thru my experience that is ludicrous. How do I explain to him that that is completely unnecessary especially for the amount of organisms the analyzer is able to detect.

Can someone clue me in as to what a type 1 immune response is? It doesn't seem to be an official term, more like jargon that's used in an immunology lab. I"m having trouble finding any links for "type 1 immune response" that aren't related to type 1 diabetes. Any help would be appreciated.

Hi: Vaccines are usually given via intramuscular injection. What are the risks if they are given intravenously instead? Thanks, Green Xenon