Applied Mathematics

is math a language? if yes, what is its grammer and vocabulary? how to read, write and appreciate it?

What are the reference points which makes the values presented by natural numbers so solid?

This article was started as more of a debate than an answer to the question. According to Chaos Theory, any number, n, is defined as being higher than anything with lower value, or higher than any value from 0 to n, and lower than anything with a higher value, or lower than any value from n to infinity. Now, this may seem quite obvious, but also according to Chaos Theory, infinity cannot exist as a number. Both of these are stated in Chaos Theory, and are noted as a flaw in the number system, as how can a definite number be described as being below infinity, yet infinity is not a number in itself? Chaos Theory also states that any number has no definite point of "…

While some say that pi goes on and is infinite, much like e (Euler's Number), but not square root of 2, and other mathematical sums as it may stop, are they similar to infinity? I know that infinity cannot be counted or regarded as a number, but what if we regard infinity as or equivalent to 9999999999999999999999999999999.... So on, and so forth. Or for you brilliant mathematicians prefer to this formula: ∞ = 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999... So what do you think? Guys, what are you opinions of infinity and mathematical constants? Are they equivalent to quantities, as they both go on? (Hard eh?)

I'm Alexandra, and I'm a 17 year old aspiring nuclear/astrophysicist. Long story short, I was accepted on a partial scholarship to an all-girls school in 9th grade in the hopes of furthering my education. My family lost everything last year and we fell into debt with the school. Unless we pay it off, they wont even release my transcripts and I cant graduate. My sister started this campaign to help me, and with every penny raised I have more hope that I can graduate high school and attend college. Please, PLEASE, if you can donate a dollar, do. Im not past begging at this point. I just want to graduate. Thank you so much for taking the time to read this. The fu…

Preambule: There are Alice and Bob. Alice got a message and a chest. Both of them have locks. Alice puts the message into the chest, locks with her lock and sends it to Bob. Bob can't open Alice's lock btw. So he locks chest with his own lock and sends it back to Alice. Alice opens her lock and sends. Bob opens his lock, opens chest and reads the message. Simple story hows how Diffie-Hellman works. But it can be broken by bruteforce. Anyone can say about long keys and the time... I can't agree with them because of random luck and growing computer potential. I've decided to find one more oeration that can make this algo brute-proof. So we need second operation that w…

A 5-year duration coupon bond has 8% annual rate, the par value is $100. It's issue date is Jan 2, 2010, the dividend paid date (is it called ex-dividend date? i forget..) is Jan 1, 2011, and the tax rate is 20% for the coupon rate $8 on dividend paid date. (note: if the buyers sell this bond before dividend paid date, he/she will avoid the 20% tax rate.) if we hold this bond till dividend paid date Jan 1, 2011, we will get $6.4 dividend after tax. Christine buys this coupon bond on Dec 29, 2010, she pays almost 108 and she will get approx.$6.4 dividend on the dividend paid date. my Q is why people says she actually pays twice 20% tax ? it is 40% tax for th…

This post deals with a mathematical formula for deciding how well people have made predictions. I would like to receive feedback about this formula and, if possible, test it out with participants in this group in the upcoming March Madness NCAA basketball tournament. In order to help everyone understand what I'm talking about, I'll start with an example. Suppose three people, Adams, Benson, and Carter are watching a basketball game between Iowa State and Connecticut. Adams thinks that Iowa State has a 60% chance of winning, Benson thinks that Iowa State has a 70% chance of winning, and Carter thinks that Iowa State has an 80% chance of winning. Suppose Iowa State win…

For the topic of linear regression, my book says that the (coefficient of determination) = (correlation coefficient squared). But it doesn't explain why. So why is on equal to the square of the other when their formulas look completely different?

So the hypothesis test procedure pits the null hypothesis ([math]H_0[/math]) against the alternative hypothesis ([math]H_a[/math]). If a given sample provides more evidence that [math]H_a[/math] is true, than [math]H_0[/math] is rejected. If there isn't enough evidence to reject [math]H_0[/math], then we can't conclude anything. Two errors result from this: Type I error: the error of rejecting [math]H_0[/math] when [math]H_0[/math] is true. Type II error: the error of failing to reject [math]H_0[/math] when [math]H_0[/math] is false. 1. First example: " The U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics reports that for 2009, 72% of all domestic passenger fligh…

I was told that this was the equation to find the vector of em-radiation produced by an accelerating charge: S = [e^2*a^2*sin^2theta /16pi^2*εsubscript0*c^3*R^2)]r I was told the formula above is a poynting vector but I was wondering it was possible to convert it into an image showing the field lines, electron etcc

Be careful of survey bias. Imagine I wanted to know the % of the population that smoked. If I survey the 377 people in multiple smoking areas of pubs the results of the survey will wind up being biased towards people smoking.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380930/ They investigate the health associations of frequent church attendance by doing a multiple logistic regression and a survival analysis that adjusts for other factors (Cox proportional hazards). In layman's terms, how do survival analyses and logistic regressions proceed? My understanding is that they're related techniques.

Hi We work on project about mobile cellular networks. In a part of the project, we faced the problem about the proof of convergence of following iterative function...(Complete description is available in attachment) The problem.pdf

The reverse of a river boat, being the river flow turning the paddle wheel of an anchored boat. How many horsepower would yield a 0.5m/s say-laminar river flow, for 1 m^2 submerged paddles ? Just a pictorial---> http://njscuba.net/zzz_artifacts/paddlewheel.jpg (not homework)

What does motion do to an orbit? Is the equation for an orbit the same when the whole system is in motion? The centripetal force should be greater when the motion of orbit is in the same direction of the motion of the system and less in the reverse direction but the attraction should not change. That is apposed to the orbit being unaffected by the motion of the system. Which is it?

Intuitively, I would like to call this the "Law of Cumulative Probabilities," but I'm not the authority who decides what to call a particular law of mathematics. When an event has "1/x" chance of occurring with a particular "successful" result, and you run the event y times, then the probability of success every time is "1/(x^y)" A good example of this rule of cumulative probabilities being applied in the real world is thus: Suppose there's ten serial killings across the nation. On the 10th killing, a police officer - having heard of the previous nine killings - takes it upon himself to search the customer databases of nearby hotels. He then procures the sam…

There are two statements people often make about the one-time pad that I believe are contradicting each other. The two statements are: "The key should use truly random letters, which means that each letter in the alphabet has an equal chance of occuring." "When Eve attempts cryptanalysis with unlimited computing power, she will recieve the plaintext instantly. However, she will notice that the message 'WINTER' is just as likely to occur as the message 'SUMMER'." Alright, if the one-time pad's key is supposed to have truly random letters that all have an equal chance of occuring, then won't that mean the key will most likely have an equal combination of all of …

I've been looking up math in games lately, and it seems that most mathematicians revolve around board games such as checkers and tic-tac-toe. What about single player video games? Now, I know what you're thinking. "Video games? The game tree would be so big that all of the computers on earth couldn't hold the information!" I'll admit it, you're probably right; but you don't really need every possible scenario to solve a game. For instance, most people know that the quickest route from one point to another is a straight line, so you can easily rule out all of the unnecessary zigzagging, loop-de-loops, and other strange things that might show up in a full game tree. …

I have the understanding that the dispersion parameter, [latex] \phi[/latex], in generalised linear models needs to be known for deviance to meaningful or otherwise it can be estimated from the model, but no analysis of deviance can be carried out. Why is it then that in binomial and poisson models in R/S+ it is always assumed [latex] \phi = 1[/latex]? If the assumption is not true then the analysis in meaningless, no?

Hello, i am trying to find the minimum of a multi-variate function using Powell's method. Depending on initial point you get a different (local) minimum. How can i find the global minimum of my function, using Powell's method? What other options do i have?

Hello_World! KEY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The base is 1337 (0 to 1336). H=55 e=509 l=1205 o=798 _=319 W=562 r=900 d=29 !=1329 KEY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 55*1337^11+ 509*1337^10+ 1205*1337^9+ 1205*1337^8+ 798*1337^7+ 319*1337^6+ 562*1337^5+ 798*1337^4+ 900*1337^3+ 1205*1337^2+ 29*1337^1+ 1329*1337^0 1351478792050701588315749385525247210 1351478792050701588315749385525247210/1337=1010829313426104404125467004880513 R1329 ! 1010829313426104404125467004880513/1337=756042…

This has come up a few times in various threads, most recently for me in a thread on gun regulation. Given two different orderings of a given set according to two different criteria, how does one obtain information about a partial correlation if any between the two criteria? The goal would be to use the compared orderings only, not any values or quantities of the criteria. The specific situation was this: the 50 States of the US were ordered 1 - 50 by percentage of citizens possessing guns, and again 1 - 50 by homicide rate. The claim at hand was that gun ownership rate was positively correlated with homicide rate. What I was trying to sort out was an idea of how …

Hi, I'm ukrainian student, studying applied mathematics in Kiev. I have an online store and some statistics data on it's work. Also I've learned a bit about optimization problems and operation reasearch. I want to know how to apply mathematics to work with an online store? Maybe apply machine learning algorithms to handle existing statistics? Or maybe I can use some optimization techniques? I am a novice at all these things, I have only theoretical knowledge and know how to program the methods but don't know anything about their application in business. I would be grateful for some links, books or just advice Reagrds, Alex Rachnog

Hi, Can someone help me please? I want to program the heat equation with semi-discretization. Thank you very much.