Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

I want to maximize the yield of DNA extraction from insects. I am already using different DNA isolation kits and I know that these are not specifically designed for insect samples. Does anyone have any tips to maximize the yield?

Hello. What in our biochemistry impacts collagen? After a testcular infection, there was a significant decrease in testicular size. Shortly thereafter and over time, there's been observed sinking of the eyes due to the decrease collagen around and especially under. Also, the skin overall. Correlation? Everything I see online is just about artificially adressing the issue (i.e. injections), but what's out there to resolve the root cause from a biochemistry standpoint? What's the difference in biochemistry when measuting people with puffy bags under eyes (high collagen) vs. those with sunken under-eye area (low collagen)? Any studies I can be directed to? …

Here's an idea that, if too out there, I'd wholeheartedly thank you to dismiss as nicely and informatively as possible. Something that very much drew my attention years ago about restriction enzymes is the fact that they always seem to act on palindromic sequences of DNA, not in the usual language-related sense, but in the sense that, for a bunch of code-bases, the sequences usually (maybe always?) are palindromes of their inverses in the "daughter" thread, like, AGGCCT TCCGGA (Sorry if there's a specially reserved codon there, I wasn't particularly careful in the example.) Now, I don't think that's a coincidence and I'm pretty sure ther…

Hi. I am currently working on the project about the effects of some plants' extracts on β-amyloid peptide toxicity using model organism C elegans. In a research from 2010 that I found it says that extracts need to be spread on the surface of the NGM plate. But, my project mentors have a problem. The question is - is it risky to work with extracts that way because it may cause some negative effects on E Coli strain used as a food for C elegans? And how should I find out? Thank you in advance.

Hi all, One of my laboratory assignments was to determine the enzym activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). When doing a little wikipedia research I got a wee bit confused. I interpreted the following: LDH converts lactate to pyruvate and vice versa. Lac + NAD+ <--> PYR + NADH Then comes the Cori cycle: in very active muscle cells, Pyr is converted to LAC, so the LAC can be transported to the liver where it will still be converted to PYR, and then to glucose. I do not understand why? Why bother converting pyruvate if it is needed as pyruvate in the liver? I thought pyruvate was also needed in the citric acid cycle? so why then ma…

Does anyone has a suggestion what is the best medium or method to reactivate my dormant lactobacillus paracasei cells? Thanks in advance!

Hello. I would like to study epigenetic regulations in the reproductive system of cows. I have already done the initial research and would like to continue it in a larger grant project. However, I met with some accusations about the sense of doing such research. In my research I use reproductive system tissues obtained from the local slaughterhouse. Breeding and synchronizing a large number of cows for such studies would be very expensive. We also don't have any facilities for this. Recently, someone suggested to me that taking material from the slaughterhouse when I do not know the nutritional history of these animals is pointless. Literature data shows that qualit…

Hello, Few days ago I had a doubt; can we use epigenetic modifications on a tumor cell in order to bring it back to a healthy condition? ( so acting only on the epigenome and not varying the genome). On the other hand can we also use epigenetic modification on a healthy cell to transform it into a tumor one? ( is like the reverse of the first question above this one ) how can we perform both of the possible scenarios shown above (if it is possible to do these transformations )

Can anybody kindly explain why affimer molecules could potentially have more clinical benefit than the use of traditional antibodies? And if so, how and in what specific applications would they be advantageous? Thank you.

Hi there, hope everyone is remaining safe and well! I was looking into phage-display library and have a question regarding the production. As far as I understand, one produces random mutations in some way (sources I am reading use degenerate primers), then these mutated primers are ligated into phagemids (not necessary, but this is I suppose safer as there is a need for helper phages), then these phagemids are transformed into bacteria. My question stems from the size of these libraries (being about 10^8 to 10^10), and the fact that each phage will contain the gene that encodes for that exact protein. So my question is, if we have our mixture of phagemids, each wit…

Dear scientists, I need a Complete List of the Molecules that build SARS-CoV2 (not only its spikes', but ALL of its molecules). I am not sure if that list is called molecular structure. The molecular structure of HIV or HSV or any other human viruses are also desirable, but my first priority is SARS-CoV 2. I would really appreciate if someone can help me find those lists. Your answers may save lives! Best regards and stay safe

I found an article about free mitochondria in the blood, and it's puzzle me. The link of the article : https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1096/fj.201901917RR I found the article rather good with a good explanation of the MATERIALS AND METHODS (even if I don't understand everything). But I have some lack of understanding : - Does it the first time than we found free mitochondria in animal organism ? - Why do we need the ability to produce ATP outside of the cells ? - It may be a processus to modulate the immune system (I read than mitochondria can act like DAMPs), but ho…

Who discovered cornavirus or another woman passed over, her paper was rejected by peers 'who knew better' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/uk-scotland-52278716?__twitter_impression=true The history of the first discovery and eventual naming of the first cornavirus.

I've been working with some SNP data. Basic biology helps me understand that any SNP will have a frequency of variation with a population, and that by sampling that population we can understand the frequency of variation for that SNP. However as an individual's genome is made up of all the DNA from a poplulation of cells, surely there will also be SNP variation with the individual ? Is this the case, and if so how would this variation within the individual be quantified?

I know that the main problem that coused by corona diseas is Pneumonia So it may away to help the critical sick people by oxidizing there blood with Dialysis machine technology

Everyone knows that the number of publications is growing every year, this is especially noticeable in biology. I'm wondering how other biologists cope with this volume. Is it possible to scale up reading papers? It is clear that some papers need more thoughtfull process like review papers and breakthrough papers. I think that especially scientists from the industry should know about such tricks to scale things (reading a lot in a tight timeline). What do you use in your pratice?

Hi there! I am with a company who is lucky enough to be expanding our operations into a new building. Our PCR laboratory will feature 3 rooms: A reagent prep room, a sample preparation room (DNA extraction) and a post-PCR laboratory. Since we are designing the building, we get to decide what air flow we need throughout this unidirectional workflow. Now. It's clear to me that the reagent prep room, the "cleanest room", needs positive pressure to keep contaminants out. Also clear - the post-PCR room needs negative pressure to keep amplicon contaminants IN. What is not clear to me is how to treat the extraction room. In both of my previous labs, we didn't have the …

I have made with "Molecular Models" ... three(3) Molecules !!!... which can unite together to ONE UNIT !!!... with "Hydrogen Bonds" !!!... First !!!... with my "cheap" and "small" Molecular Models !!!... The GREY-Bonds are (-) "simple Bonds" !!!... and the RED-Bonds are (=) "double Bonds" !!!... On the YELLOW-Bonds are the "tautomeric Hydrogens" which can move to the beside BLUE-Nitrogen and change position !!!... Second !!!... with my "Ball & Stick" Molecular Models !!!... ( FAA≡BBC≡DCE≡FAA ) & ( LDG≡HEI≡JFK≡LDG ) You can see ... the GREY ... (-)simple ... and (=)double Bonds!!!... On the PURPLE-Bonds are the…

Hello, I rely on your help. On February 27th, I prepared a Bradford reactive, left it for the night at room temperature, filtered it out on the next day and made a calibration graphic with egg albumen. An optical density of samples with different protein content constituted from 0.0237 to 0.0933. Ready Bradford reactive kept in the fridge then. On 7th March I used this reactive for determination of protein content in Chlorella cells. OD constituted values, that were within ones of the calibration graphic. Yesterday I did the same, but the values didn't differ and constituted 0.8430, something like that for all samples. I checked OD of plain Bradford reactive and…

link Good Morning Everyone, I have been studying various forensic test kits for body fluids, and a number of them from Abacus Diagnostics or Independent Forensics use lateral diffusion immunochromatography. In a sandwich format the antigen forms a complex with both the soluble, labeled antibody and the antibody immobilized onto a membrane at the test (T) position. I can see how this could easily work with a protein such as hemoglobin, which is a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. It is less clear how this assay works with human salivary alpha-amylase, which is a monomer from what I can gather. In other words I can see how the sandwich forms when th…

Hi, Does anyone know what plasmid could express T7 RNA polymerase in mammalian cells, I would like to transfect it with other plasmid containing Gene Of Interest under control of T7 promoter. Thanks a lot!

Hello, it is known that ATP synthase changes rotation when if has to create ATP from when it hydrolyzes it. My question is: what could be a hypothesis for this mechanism? My only idea is an hypothesis against it: the bacterial flagellar motor can shift the direction of rotation between forward and reverse without changing the direction of proton movement through the membrane. I studied the experiments, but i would like to find the first hypotheses that then gave birth to these experiments. thanks.

Hello, I'm trying to find a method to extract enzymes from filamentous fungi. I'm not a molecular biologist by any means so I have no idea which methods does what. I came across SDS-PAGE, which as I understand separates enzymes based on weight? To give some context, some of these fungi don't have annotated genomes. So basically what I'm asking is SDS-PAGE a good method to identify which enzymes exist in a fungal sample?

So I was doing a Bradford assay using spectronic 200 . The standard BSA absorbance I got for 1.00 mg/mL and 1.4 mg/mL was 1.2 and 1.4 which is out of the spectrometer LoL. My lab technician told me that it’s normal. Does anyone know why it’s assumed that we have a linear relationship above an absorbance of 1.00??

Is it possible to extract RNA from animal tissue without using liquid nitrogen? I used Trizol for RNA extraction and I homogenize the tissue with polytron homogenizer at room temp for 30 secs. Did I do this correctly?