Sensei

Scientist with the right equipment can do it using mass spectrometer. Elements can be identified by their spectral lines. This method is used by astrophysicists it learn what is composition of stars.

If the wrong atom of C-14 will decay in the wrong moment, in the wrong direction, in the wrong molecule, like DNA, molecule will be destroyed (and surrounding it molecules as well will be damaged in unpredictable way), cell will turn to cancer and it can kill you in the future.. 80 kg human body has ~2900 decays of Carbon-14 and ~10100 decays of Potassium-40 per second. ~250 millions of decays of C-14 per day and ~873 millions of decays of K-40 per day.

Yes, you can. You're doing it all day long. e.g. drop tea glass, it will break, and you won't be able to drink from it anymore.. Throw away plastic shop bag to ocean (e.g. leave it on the beach after party, tides will take it).. some fish will tangle in it, and will die.. you killed ("caused death of") living creature.. What if that single living organism was supposed to be new branch of evolution (like amphibian).. ? You cancelled their existence.. You should better ask "is there just one version of the future or there is infinite/finite amount of versions of the future?"..

The same can be said about lands on regular path of tornadoes, hurricanes.. lands below sea level, or on the edge.. lands with tectonic activity.. etc. etc. The problem is these territories, the most of time, are considered attractive for people and for developers (Florida, Hawaii)..

It depends on what you are trying to read. If file is too big (>= few GB of data) reading stream directly from disk (instead of loading it at once to memory) is the only option (general rule, fortunately files that I am processing are smaller than 10 MB, but generally they can be any size). So while making the real parser you have to make two methods of reading file 1) fast loading to memory entire file 2) slow loading directly from file. If you will make just 1st option, it can fail sometimes, if file is too big to be loaded entire to memory (out of memory, or too fragmented memory to allocate one large continuous block of memory). 2nd option will almost always work (except really critical conditions). Reading entire line at a time is not an option in this file format (it's mixture of text and binary data, and you don't have idea where you are and what you're processing in advance). Reading in blocks, say 1024 bytes, would introduce a lot of complications (EOF are optional after control strings=commands.. and in three different versions \r, \n and \r\n), and it was supposed to be quick (to write) and dirty parser, not full implementation (it would take probably half-year to write full implementation of this file format).. BufferedStream class was supposed to make double buffer for programmer, read data in blocks and just give byte from buffer. Maybe because I am seeking in stream so often it has to flush double-buffer..

Hi! My program, written in managed C++ .NET Framework (quick & dirty replacement for script), was processing a lot of data, using code: FileStream ^stream = gcnew FileStream( this->Filename, FileMode::Open ); BufferedStream ^buffered_stream = gcnew BufferedStream( stream ); and later: int data; while( ( data = buffered_stream->ReadByte() ) != -1 ) { [....] } Example test file was processed in 18 seconds. The bigger file twice that number. When we have thousands of such files, it will take "ages" to process them all.. While waiting over 4 hours to finish processing entire folder of such files, I had illumination (or rather impatience) how to quickly speed up process, without doing much changes to the code.. and changed these two above lines of code to: array<unsigned char> ^raw_data = File::ReadAllBytes( this->Filename ); MemoryStream ^buffered_stream = gcnew MemoryStream( raw_data ); Nothing else has not been changed in the code. Instead of ~18 seconds per file, now it is.. ~3 seconds per test file.. 600% speedup at least.. Best Regards! ps. I wish you all great illuminations while programming.. If something runs slow, drink beer and instead of impatiently waiting for finish, improve your code..

Here you go.. <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> function changeBackground( image ) { document.getElementById( 'duck' ).style.backgroundImage = "url( " + image + " )"; } </script> <style> #duck { width: 500px; height: 500px; color: red; text-align: center; font-size: 50px; background-image: url( "duck1.jpg" ); } </style> </head> <body> <select id="duck"> <option onclick="changeBackground( 'duck1.jpg' );">Duck 1</option> <option onclick="changeBackground( 'duck2.jpg' );">Duck 2</option> <option onclick="changeBackground( 'duck3.jpg' );">Duck 3</option> </select> </body> </html> I tried it with Firefox only.. So you will have to check whether it works also in Chrome, IE and Opera by yourself..

Genius TV series. The first season about Einstein. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5673782/?ref_=tt_ov_inf

Little fix. It should be "which baryons and mesons can be constructed by them?"

Couple questions which you can ask, and get reply from us, concerning quarks from Standard Model: - which generation? - what is charge? - how much rest-mass? - is it stable or unstable (does it decay)? - if it's unstable, to what it decays? - which bosons can mesons can be constructed by them? Particle that has more mass-energy (rest-mass) can decay to particle that has smaller mass-energy. e.g. down quark has more mass-energy than up quark, that's why it decays to up quark emitting electron and antineutrino. Particles from 2nd and 3rd generation, have enormous higher mass-energy than from 1st generation. Particles from 3rd generation decay to 2nd generation and sometimes to 1st generation directly. Particles from 2nd generation decay to 1st generation of particles. Leptons from 2nd generation decay only to leptons from 1st generation. Not enough mass/energy. Leptons from 3rd generation decay to other leptons but also to quarks/antiquarks. Enough mass/energy.

Money used to be made of regular precious rare material (and after introduction of paper/cotton money, it was at least officially exchangeable to precious metal equivalent on demand *) for significant portion of development of human civilization. To literally destroy Gold or Silver atom people would need help of quantum physicists (photodisintegration and/or cause artificial radioactivity and/or neutron/proton capture etc. etc.) *) This was just recently changed just a few decades ago in early '70 years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock

I have no idea what is your entire "discovery" about, but I have advice concerning programming. You wrote that "0.97% failed due to the limitation of great number processing of my programming language (C and Java) ". Advice is: you can use "long long" for 64 bit signed and "unsigned long long" for 64 bit unsigned integers. They will greatly enhance your integer range. You will be able to find primes from 2 to 2^64-1.

Contaminated water (by organic compounds in this case) can be converted back to pure water by distillation. Astronauts in cosmos drink their distilled urine all the time.. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1796.html " All 3 flight units are currently installed and operating on-orbit in the Urine Processor Assembly, which extracts water from crew urine via vacuum distillation. This water, combined with recaptured water from the crew cabin heat exchanger, undergoes further treatment in the Water Processor Assembly and ultimately becomes crew drinking water as part of the potable water system. " Actually everybody on this planet drink distilled (by the Sun and environment) water (vaporization of sea/ocean -> clouds -> rain -> rivers). It used to be part of bodies of billions of living organisms in the past.

Database + parser.. + it informs developers what people are searching for, so when database has no data at the first time somebody tried some keyword, they can add new entry..

Start from reading Wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater Make a list of various types of wastewater (make graph with arrows "wastewater -> [type 1 ] -> [type 2] etc.). And what is done to clean them. e.g. you can show what compounds are pollutants of various types of wastewater, what reagents and which reactions are used to bind them and filter out. You could show mechanical separation methods, chemical separation methods, biological separation methods. Your presentation has to be slide show of the real pages of paper? Video? PowerPoint (or similar).. ? Start from Wikipedia articles (Google keyword + "wikipedia" to show them first on the list), in English version, because they're typically more descriptive than local languages. You could also show what can happen if various types of wastewater won't be properly cleaned up. e.g. agricultural wastewater can accelerate grow of algae in a sea or ocean.. Show reason why it should be done and what are dangers of not doing it.

You should read article about Jupiter moon, Io. In this body heating is much more impressive. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_heating_of_Io https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_heating

Resetting computer (with reset button) while you have fully loaded operating system is bad idea, as it might happen in the wrong moment e.g. when operating system is in the middle of modifying MBR (Master boot record) Damage of MBR (or one of operating system essential files) will disallow booting anymore. You should check whether your HDD is still visible in BIOS, and in other computer. If it's visible in BIOS, but has no partition(s), you should search for disk repairing utility. It'll scan entire disk, sector by sector, and try to find where partitions used to be. But be prepared to recover files to second spare disk (large enough to hold the all important files) and reformat and reinstall of the entire operating system.

Denaturation of proteins happen at much lower temperatures (> ~41 C) than water boiling temperature (~100 C).. The main reason of death of living organisms will be lack of food and water. When average temperature will be too high, soil will turn to desert, disallowing plants to grow. Without them herbivorous animals and predators won't be able to survive. Existence of the real (or artificial) intelligence can change it a bit, but not for a long time (e.g. mirrors in cosmos between the Earth and Sun to decrease energy delivered to the planet). Mirrors (or pair of polarization filters with remote controlled rotation) reflecting enough of light prior it arrives to the Earth, is more feasible..

Look around you, in your house. What machines/devices, do you have? Think what can be done with them to make their usage easier.. I just went to toilet, look around, and straight away made couple "inventions". e.g. joined couple devices in one, which is doing the same task.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Slotin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Daghlian Google keyword "Manhattan project accidents"

Very nice project. Personally I would use electric engine connected to Arduino with some radio transmitter to send information to rotate it left/right from home using remote pilot and have full of water pailful before going outside. Think about it. At least you will have a reason to play with Arduino. You could reuse old bike parts like bicycle chain and sprocket.

- electric neutral particle called photon with energy [math]E=hv=hf=\hbar \omega = p c = \frac{h c}{\lambda}[/math] momentum [math]p=\frac{E}{c}[/math] frequency [math]f=\frac{E}{h}[/math] wavelength [math]\lambda = \frac{h c }{E}[/math], transferring energy between source and destination particles. (h - Planck constant, [math]\hbar[/math] - reduced Planck constant, f or v - frequency, [math]\lambda[/math] (lambda) - wavelength) - classified by human by energy/frequency/wavelength into categories: gamma photon, x-ray photon, ultraviolet (couple subcategories), visible spectrum (this is what typical layman is calling light), infrared (IR), microwave, radio wave. - photon has polarization, linear, circular - photon can be absorbed, emitted, reflected, refracted, scattered - photon can be redshifted and blueshifted. - high energy gamma photon (energy > 1.022 MeV) can create pair of matter-antimatter. - high energy gamma photon (energy > 2.2 MeV) can "destroy" matter (split e.g. atom to constituent particles e.g. protons and neutrons). This effect is called photodisintegration. - classical description of light electromagnetic radiation Summary of photon-matter-antimatter interaction is on this video:

This reaction, to eject free proton, would require fast neutrons. Slow/thermal neutron can be captured by Hydrogen/Deuterium and Oxygen, without further ejection of free proton. If Deuterium will capture neutron, it'll become radioactive Tritium. "Tritium is also produced in heavy water-moderated reactors whenever a deuterium nucleus captures a neutron. This reaction has a quite small absorption cross section, making heavy water a good neutron moderator, and relatively little tritium is produced. Even so, cleaning tritium from the moderator may be desirable after several years to reduce the risk of its escaping to the environment. Ontario Power Generation's "Tritium Removal Facility" processes up to 2,500 tonnes (2,500 long tons; 2,800 short tons) of heavy water a year, and it separates out about 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) of tritium, making it available for other uses.[6] Deuterium's absorption cross section for thermal neutrons is about 0.52 millibarns, whereas that of oxygen-16 is about 0.19 millibarns and that of oxygen-17 is about 240 millibarns." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium Half-life of Tritium is 12.32 years .

Plant to grow needs CO2 and H2O, which are gases and liquid on the Earth, at current temperatures and pressures. On the other hand SiO2 is solid and has extremely high boiling point 2950 C. In your hypothesis about silicon-based life, you should start from searching for silicon compounds. Make a list of them with their properties. Which silicon compound will be food for building silicon-cells by silicon-lifeforms. Which solvent can be used instead of water to dissolve silicon compounds. Which silicon compounds will be playing RNA/DNA role, for storing genetic information.. etc. etc.

Even narcotics smugglers are building one-time-used submarines these days... http://www.businessinsider.com/coast-guard-is-detecting-a-new-trend-among-high-seas-narco-smugglers-2017-9 You could make such in a few days in garage.. Unless you meant "capability" = "access to sea".. But it's meaningless barrier..