Leaderboard

Are you reading this thread? What it 'is', pertaining to this subject, is precisely what we are discussing.

I can't answer your question, Eise. And don't know if anyone can. The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit was calculated to be LESS than the Chandrasekhar limit at first, which made little sense. It was only after a fuller understanding of the strong force that it was revised upward to its currently accepted value. S Chandrasekhar crudely merged the relatively new field of quantum mechanics with special relativity in 1930, during his boat voyage to England to study under A Eddington ( who screwed him over; a very interesting story, if you ever have the chance to read it ). Once the degenerate electron gas is set up in a white dwarf star, adding further mass to it increases pressure, and forces the electrons into tighter spaces. Using the HUP, Chandrasekhar resoned that as position of the electrons is tightened, their momentum ( and so, speed ) becomes more variable. The point where their speed becomes superluminal is non-physical ( as pper SR ), and a mechanism must prevent that from happening. At this Chandrasekhar limit, electrons merge with protons to form neutrons, a particle 2000 times heavier. That allows momentum ( mass x velocity ) to remain sensible as speeds of neutons can be 2000 times less. This next part is pure speculation on my part, and should the admins feel the need, please move to Speculations. It has been suggested that neutron stars which exceed a certain mass limit, would become degenerate quark stars, however, quarks are much lighter than neutrons. And since I would assume the laws of physics to hold except at the possible singularity ( edge of space-time ), then the HUP and SR would still require a more massive composite particle whose momentum remains sensible ( according to SR ), not a much lighter one such as single quarks. Perhaps at such pressures and energies, composite particles composed of hundreds, thousands, billions or even of the totality of quarks composing the whole collapsed star, are stable. And one or more of these composite quantum particles are a replacement for the non-physical singularity. This would imply a possibly macroscopic quantum particle ( composite, not fundamental ) at the center of a Black Hole. As I said, pure speculation, without much to back it up. But if you ever have the chance to cross an Event Horizon, try to get to the library, and let me know what you find. ( hey, it worked for M McConaughey in Interstellar )

Empty spacetime is not limited by c. Only massive objects are limited to travel below c, and that is a measurement made from inertial frames. This objection is irrelevant to the claim. Why would conservation of energy be violated? Electrons are matter. No such thing as an absolute vacuum, and this, too, is not from a limit of technology. I'm not sure what actual physics is involved in your little fantasy here, but any scenario that relies on violations of the laws of nature aren't viable.

I Am Always Very Suspicious When I See That People Write Certain Words With Capitals. It is very often a sign that these people think some concepts are sacrilegious, like Universe, Laws of Nature, Religion, Science, ... Whatever. Why are you doing it? There are no 'governing laws'. There are regularities in nature, and the descriptions of these regularities are what we call 'laws of nature'. If laws of nature would govern what happens in the universe, the question arise how they do it. Some meta-laws of nature? That possibly need meta-meta-laws to understand how the meta-laws govern the laws of nature? No, the laws of nature are our understanding of nature. Full stop. You are entering Dangerous Terrain...

If you could be bothered to read further in that link... Near the end of the section on electron degeneracy "There is an upper limit to the mass of an electron-degenerate object, the Chandrasekhar limit, beyond which electron degeneracy pressure cannot support the object against collapse. The limit is approximately 1.44[7]solar masses for objects with typical compositions expected for white dwarf stars" In the section on neutron degeneracy "There is an upper limit to the mass of a neutron-degenerate object, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit, which is analogous to the Chandrasekhar limit for electron-degenerate objects" In the section on quark degeneracy "Quark-degenerate matter may occur in the cores of neutron stars, depending on the equations of state of neutron-degenerate matter. It may also occur in hypothetical quark stars, formed by the collapse of objects above the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff mass limit for neutron-degenerate objects" And finally, in the section on singularities "At densities greater than those supported by any degeneracy, gravity overwhelms all other forces. The stellar body collapses to form a black hole, though this is not well modeled by quantum mechanics" Does one of us feel foolish now ???

I guess, it might show increased drag (as it rolls around) due to Eddy currents. If the box is wide and large, I don't think the effect would be any spectacular. Did you have some specific effect on your mind?

Yes, you might be right. It must be a kind of preparation program rather than a medical case. Although hyperthyroidism would be the perfect disease for competitive eaters as it comes with a polyphagia while burning away all extra energy consumed. I have been thinking about the medical condition because competitive eating is not a profession, and that stomach has to be extended all the time to be able to take in that huge amount of food which usually results in obesity, while in the OP it is a very skinny guy.

There is no need for that and in fact, it is quite unlikely. Slightly elevated thryroid hormone levels do not increase baseline metabolism enough to make a significant difference. At levels where it does make a difference, you will experience rather nasty symptoms (elevated pulse, insomnia and so on) and doing anything competitive goes right out of the window. What those competitive eaters do is typically a combination of exercise and diet. After a competition they often resort to a extreme low calorie diet (water, protein, vitamins) in order to get back to a normal state. At the highest level there is a lot of similarity to bodybuilding (though stretching the stomach with fluid and fibers is an additional requirement).

Galileo was also killed for his theory about the Earth not being at the center of the universe instead of just being sent to prison, and Benjamin Franklin was the fifth president of the united states. I remember this, because what happened to Galileo was a hot topic for religious debate as part of the cruelty that religion can bring. It was often mistaken that Benjamin Franklin was on the five dollar bill instead of the one hundred dollar bill, since he was the fifth president. Also, we didn't have any knowledge of Free Masonry or the Illuminate, because George Washington was never encountered by a mystical glowing orb in the sky. There may still be Mandela Effect residue you can find about Fermilab inventing the internet, if you looked into some pop physics books, even though it may no longer be that way in this reality.

I saw no such thing. You might have gotten too caught up in how un-knowledgeable I am about the subject and forgot to actually post it. I may have gotten too distracted by it, that I didn't care to read it. You should definitely try to develop better writing strategies, because frankly, I don't see how anyone would want to care to read anything you post from talking that way about them. As far as I know, false zero energy states are pseudoscience. They come from the Lorentz transformation, because spacetime dilation becomes so intense.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_degeneracy_pressure The Pauli exclusion principle disallows two identical half-integer spin particles (electrons and all other fermions) from simultaneously occupying the same quantum state. The result is an emergent pressure against compression of matter into smaller volumes of space. When the pressure due to this "Heisenberg motion" exceeds that of the pressure from the thermal motions of the electrons, the electrons are referred to as degenerate, and the material is termed degenerate matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter Degenerate matter[1] is a highly dense state of fermionic matter in which particles must occupy high states of kinetic energy to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Looking at this information, none of it seems to imply that the Pauli Exclusion Principle breaks down, so you still haven't explained how/why the Pauli Exclusion Principle should no longer take hold in these situations. I have still not seen any examples of that from what you referenced. I have put words in bold in your reference to try to help you learn how to read. It does mostly just focus on time for simplicity sake. Space would actually be contracted in the situation of a black hole or the big bang. The gravitational pressure puts particles into high energy states while they are dilated in time due to gravitational forces. What this all boils down to is that Wolfgang Pauli lost debates about rather or not the laws of particle physics stays the same inside of a black hole or such an intense situation, because big bang cosmology failed to be able to describe them without getting infinities or different laws of physics. It was presumed that it was possible for different laws of physics to exist in these situations, and pop-physics was born (practically). Since black holes were never observed or proven to exist, it was unknown if black holes would be more like regular black holes or suppermassive black holes. But, suppermassive black holes have been discovered to exist in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy and most other galaxies. Then, now we should know that suppermassive black holes are the type of black holes that are more common in the universe, instead of more traditional black holes. No one was able to prove if particles were actually still even particles, inside of a black hole, or what they are actually made of from them acting like a cosmic censor. It was found that they have a density close to the approximations made of them being one, since that is close to the density of an electron soup. Basically, focus should shift from the idea of traditional black holes into the physics of suppermassive black holes, where the Pauli Exclusion Principal still applies. It could mean that the Pauli Exclusion Principal is more of law than just a principal.