Applied Chemistry

I know that glycerol, anti-freeze, and salt can be added to water to depress it's freezing point. These substances essentially interfere with hydrogen bonds between water molecules, so there isn't any lattice crystal structure being formed. But when the temperature gets cold enough, the water does eventually freeze/ form lattice structures. My question though, is HOW? There's literally a molecule blocking adjacent water molecules from interacting, so how does a lattice structure still form? ~EE

I happened to watch a video on gold extraction and refinement. I know the same can be done with Silver and Gold filled items. I am a jeweler (actually disabled - hit head on by an 18 wheeler and wrecked my back years ago). I have POUNDS UPON POUNDS - about 12+ pounds total in all - OF scrap sterling and silver wire, and more than 4+ pounds of 1/20 14kt gold wire scrap. Is there a timely manner and a method that makes $$ sense to refine the precious metals into fine silver and 22kt+ gold. I have read one article that mentioned using Nitric acid. Any ideas from the real chemists? Thanks for helping the new guy! Stuff I make below! Always wanting to show off…

How can I get HHO gas? Im guessing it has something to do with a special type of electrolysis.

Does anybody know how Evans diagram for Fe/Cu looks like?

I brought some black coloured Latex sheet material from a reputable source that sells for fashion & design etc. One side is matte & the other glossy laminated side. After I washed off what looked like talcum powder & rinsed properly, the latex glossy side has a coarse feel to it & sticks to itself like it was glued. But I noticed it's very easy to scuff the glossy appearance up just by rubbing your fingers along it moderately. Does this sound right for manufactured latex sheet? Or is it a sign the rubber is degraded or something? It has been years since I had experience with latex sheet & I can't remember if it's this vulnerable. tha…

I spilt some Potassium Permanganate solution onto a tissue. I left it there and it dried a purple/brown colour. 2 or 3 weeks on this stain is now black... First I though it was the KMnO7 going to manganese oxide or something, which is sorta black, but after poking it with a gloved finger, the tissue crumbled to ash. It appears that (maybe unsurprisingly) that the KMnO7 has oxidised the paper fully to ash and it looks the same as if you had hit it with a blow torch. Presumable the paper is oxidised and thus the chemistry is the same as if it had been burnt. Therefore the 'slow burn'.

Read that when rubber turns to a gooey, is because ozone acted on it... or was improperly vulcanized, or... solvents/chemicals nearby are guilty... Can a piece of that 'degraded' rubber 'infect ' healthy rubber kept nearby and deteriorate it ?

Does anyone know of any conventional methods of reducing potassium hydroxide to form Potassium metal as an end result? I've just started making a batch of potassium hydroxide, and I was thinking of fun things to do with it. Thanks! Any help is appreciated!

I've extracted some potassium hydroxide from wood ash, and I've filtered it a couple of times. I was wondering if ether would work as a cleaning agent for the crystals. Someone recommended that I should use anhydrous ammonia, but I don't really want to mess with that yet. Any other suggestions would be nice. Thanks in advance! Also, the current solution is a bit yellowish, and I assume that's from the presence of other salts from the wood ash.

I have an acrylic emulsion based caulk with lots of various fillers and actives. Any suggestions for additives that would improve the adhesion of this caulk to natural rubber? The adhesion is not bad but the rubber gets compressed and I am looking for improvements in adhesion to the substrate under stress. There are probably industrial solutions out there off the shelf, but I wouldn't mind knowing what the chemistry actually is rather than buying a trade named additive. Keying up the surface of the substrate before application might improve adhesion too due to extra surface area to bond to, but I want a securer bond. I can envisage different functionality on the p…

Recently heard that red mercury is a form of sodium nitrate that is used to make magnets with certain signatures of metric pressures unique to only that one piece or strand. When used in an act of levitating or other forces it can give off a red hue much to that of a red room and pertaing to the formula of heratio's ----------/ \----------- something along this form of quadratic equation I believe any hard evidence with formula's pertain to forceful use of sodium nitrate?(photography) gunpowder. Saw it on the history channel today. -----

I don't know about Heavy Water at all, how i can make it? i know that it take years but im bored. Pls no hate i just sign on this forum.

Hi to everyone. In the beginning I want to apologise for my bad English, if there will be any mistakes. So I'm a student of chemistry highscool in Slovenia, student of third year and I want to make a research work. It can be based on both types of chemistry (inorganic and organic), but the only bad thing is that I don't know what I would do. So I decided to ask on this forum, if you guys have any idea what I should do. I was already thinking about caffeine extraction from green, black, yellow and black tea, but it has already been done so I can't do it again. My second thought was that I would analyse the quality of bottled water: the one in plastic and in glass b…

hello, now i will tell you how to make paint , it is only 6 videos describe components of paints , binders , pigments , varnish , test methods , and smart coating . after that i will give you some formulations of paints . Now i will let you with the first part of paint course

I have been having a hard time brushing on a 2-part polyurethane woodwork finish clear. First off it is nothing like waterbased or oil based polyurethane clears. The product I'm using is plagued by surface tension problems & no matter what I do I can never get a consistent brush result. I have ruled out many things like: different styles of brushes, range of temp, brushing on thick or thin & even thinning with a supplied solvent up to 30-40%. First example: on flat surface that is level with sharp 90 degree edges, the clear always moves inwards from the edges a few mm thinning right near the edge. Also in this example I always get many pinholes (air that was t…

Is it possible to electroplate with platinum If I need to electroplate a titanium object with platinum what solution would I use

This is an electronic device separates gases under high temperature and pressure according to their sizes or densities, may any one explains my this technique in details or recommend my anything explains it? Thanks in advance...

sink is blocked with mud and hair. i watched a video of solving it with salt, soda and white vinegar, but forget how to do it step by step. could you guys help with it ? thanks !

what is the rang of the cost of high temperature gas separation by membranes(i have a lot of heat in my research) ? what is the cost of gas separation by membranes in general? Where can i get those membranes or made them?

This REACH registration of chemicals in the EU is a F+*&(ing con! I said it would be trouble when it first came out. We have used, safely, for many years a chemical in one of our formulations and it is very important to us.... Because it is a chemical not widely used by anyone, except us, the manufacturers are not going to bother paying the £10K REACH registration fee for the chemical and have decided to pull it from the market. It is bloody stupid that we have COSHH in place to make sure the chemical hazards are known and safety protocol is adhered too, we have MSDS's to outline the hazards clearly and to advise on clean up/contamination... the only reason I can…

Are all, or most, silicone sealants that come in a gun Room Temperature Vulcanised (RTV)? If it smells strongly of acetic acid, is that an RTV type? I'm after an RTV type but not sure if the ordinary stuff is that.

Hello, I had some questions because every website on the internet said something else: At what temperature does CO2 decompose from CaCO2 and how long must it remain at this temperature? for the next 3 questions, assume that the chemicals are around for some time enableing water to bind to the surface of the chemicals. At what temperature does H20 decompose from SiO and how long must it remain at this temperature? At what temperature does H20 decompose from Fe2O3 and how long must it remain at this temperature? At what temperature does H20 decompose from AlO and how long must it remain at this temperature? And is there also a good source a can use to…

I tried white vinegar twice as suggested but it proved useless. i have no idea how these extensive yellow stains appear on my clothes which i don't wear for more than half a year. They are not from food or drink stains, and they have no smell at all. it is so strange this is the only white clothes i found with yellow stains, however other white clothes maintain pure white for years. If i bleach this clothes, is it bad for my skin ? it is a summer clothes. Thanks.

According to the WHO recommendations for drinking water safety http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/guidelines/en/ it says under residual chlorine that to achieve a log2 reduction in bacteria you need "Ct99 = 0.04–0.08 min·mg/l; 5 °C; pH 6-7)" By my understanding at 0.5mg/l (normal tap water) you would need less than 1 tenth of a minute contact (0.5 x 0.1 = 0.05). That can't be right, it would make tap water an effective disinfectant within minutes, can anyone explain why?

What is the most electrically and thermally conductive metal/alloy that is a liquid at 50C