Chemistry

Hi All Is there a way of working out structural formula from the molecular formula, or is it a bit of trial and error until all the bonds satisfied? At the moment I am trying out different variations until I get the one that has all the correct number of bonds, but I feel like this can't be how other people do it! For example - take Valine: how would you know the structural formula from C5H11NO2 (other than googling it obviously) Thanks

I've been thinking about potassium and sodium, I thought i would look at mars, Thinking if there was oceans there would be salt plains, From what I can gather there are some salt deposits in the south but not large areas, But Mars contains a large amount of potassium 8% by mass THE COMPOSITION OF MARS Quote from :http://enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1019.html "Given that the chemistry of potassium is close to that of sodium, what accounts for this difference? While potassium and sodium play similar roles in animal physiology, only potassium is used by plants. Accordingly, much of the potassium that is eroded from rocks by rainwater never makes it t…

Note: My english isnt well. Everyone knows toothpaste's has chemicals in variety. Floride is the main chemical. But how do you know if its not harm your health in the future? May be it cause cancer in the future. So what precautions do you take when you brush your teeths? How long have you brush your teeths? Are you take mouthwash while you doing this? Does toothpaste chemicals harm to human body?

My lab is looking to buy some custom antibodies, but we aren't sure what the best options are for us. Our antigen is nicastrin, and our main concerns are price & quality of the antibodies. Regardless of those things, I just want to know your personal experiences with whatever your custom anitbody providers are. I have done research on Pierce Antibodies, Abcam, GenScript, AbD Serotec, and Rockland, Inc., so any information you may have about those particular vendors would be especially helpful.

so i have LOTS of mercury, well about 16lbs and i think it might be contaminated with lead and would like to distill it. my question is do i have to use a glass/pyrex setup or can i make something out of metal? i know glass would be the best but its expensive, but i dont want to make a metal one and end up contaminating the mercury with the metal in the setup., plus if i make one out of metal i can take it to a HAZMAT disposal site when im done (assuming it didnt cost me that much to build) i am well aware of the dangers of mercury and mainly its vapor and i will take all the required steps to prevent any or as littlle as possible escape of mercury and its vapors

I'm trying to perform some addition/ substitution reactions involving carboxylic acids. Is it necessary to use a reflux condenser to supply enough energy for the reaction to occur, or will a catalyst and heat be sufficient? -thanks ~EE

I know antiseptic ethanol from Walgreens and other pharmacies is only 70% and has various additives to make it undrinkable. However is it ok use this ethanol in lab experiments. I've been distilling my own ethanol now for the past few months, and frankly I'm tired of it. ~Thanks, EE

i'm curious about this: which chemicals/chemistry do you use to increase your muscle ability? if u dont use anything then could you simply give me some examples for muscular develop newbies as like as me?

Hey, guys! Considering the molecule XO- where X is an atom that makes single bond with oxygen. How many electrons he can "borrow" or "share" to the cations Na2+ or Mg2+? I'm asking this because i thought he could "borrow" or "share" all his outermost electrons, in other words, eight. So, if a cation 2+ needs two electrons, he(O-) could do what i said, but i see some molecules like Mg(OH)2 and Na(OH)2 and this makes me confuse! Thank you!

Hello I joined because I got hair gel stuck in my head and it's making me bald. I was wondering if anyone could help me find a solution to get it out. I was thinking some form of decomposition might work. The gel I used is (SOFTSHEEN CARSON LETS JAM SHINING & CONDITONING GEL). Other than that I would like to learn chemistry on my own since I didn't get to study it in school. I really would like to do experiments at home rather than just learning concepts without applying them. Any advice on either of these would be greatly appreciated.

I'm wondering if anyone here uses or has used a Thermo GCMS before. We have a Trace1310 in one of our analytical labs that is giving us some hassle with a weird leak. I'm a bit of a novice with the more advanced aspects of GCMS maintenance, etc., so I'm struggling a bit to try and figure out what is going on. The story is this. Yesterday we had a software problem that prompted one of my colleagues to turn off the GC component at the switch on the back of the machine and reset the computer. This fixed the software issue, but since then we have had a huge gas leak appear and I'm not sure where it's coming from. This is a screen shot of a water/air scan I did (there is …

Hello! Someone, please, tell me if it is possible cations react with nonpolar molecules. Is there any rule for it or depends on both, the cation and the molecule? I ask this because, from what i understand, for example, in reaction of Mg (OH)2 + H2O -> Mg2+ + 2OH-, Mg2+ is ionized so is unstable (actually i think he is stable because it has 8 electrons in the layer valence, but nevertheless is charged 2+). So, let's say i have this solution another polar substance, eg, XY, where X is more electronegative than Y. So, i thought would link to Mg2+ forming MgXY because X has a negative pole. Then I wondered: What if the substance is nonpolar? Thank you!

http://lessons.chemistnate.com/uploads/5/0/2/9/5029141/__4177903.png?223 I'm having trouble understanding how the 4th line is derived from the 3rd line, would anyone mind explaining to me? I understand how the RHS (right hand side) is merely being simplified, but why exactly does it become -1 over T1 and T2? To make -delta Hvap positive, would be the simple answer I suppose, but why does it work? In other words could you point out the rules in maths for this kind of rearranging? Thanks!

Hi, I started reading a novel called 'Cause of Death' by partica Cornvell. And in that novel Dr.Kay Scarpetta quotes: " the ability to smell cyanide is a rex-linked recessive trait that is inherited by less than thirty percent of the population" Now I want to know how true this is? Can anyone here smell literally smell cyanide?

I was thinking about making some KCl using KOH and HCl (funny how I can get these 2 substances but i can't really find some KCl...) but the acid i found has a yellow color.The concentration is...32%...or 34%,i forgot,but...if i react 91% KOH with that impure acid would the KCl be pure enough to be used in further reactions to obtain another substances with it?

If you have the means to produce reagents that you need, is it usually better to make them rather than purchase from a supplier? Im not talking ammonium nitrate or NaOH that you can buy at a drug/ hardware store. I'm talking about chemical like potassium nitrate, hexane, sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid, ether, etc. Advantages of Home Synthesis: -potentially faster -make as much as you need/ make bulk -potentially cheaper -available if needed last minute Advantages of Buying from a supplier: -higher purity (most likely) -probably more expensive -regulations -takes longer (shipping) What's your opinion? ~EE

Hello. Just a small warning from your friendly neighborhood element collector. Over the Thanksgiving weekend I decided to get rid of some old potassium that I had. I have one big chunk in a tightly sealed container filled with mineral oil, and I also had a smaller chunk in a not-so-tightly-sealed container. I decided to have some fun with my smaller chunk of potassium by throwing it in a snow pile in my backyard. (Some old leftover snow from about a week ago). I was outside cutting the chunk into two smaller pieces to avoid a big explosion, and as I was cutting the chunk I noticed that the piece had an "off-color" to it. As I was cutting, I realized that the off …

Is there a simple test tube reaction (or reactions) that can be used to differentiate between hexane and cyclohexane? (So no mass spectrometry, boiling point analysis etc., or identification by smell). What about differentiating between hexane and benzene? By 'simple test tube reaction' I mean, for example, aldehydes produce a silver mirror with Tollens reagent whereas ketones don't react (standard conditions).

My neighbor gave me a bunch of old chemicals that his father used as he was a chemist, during the 1960's. I was given about 20 jars of common chemicals you'd find in a chemists basement (sodium nitrate, camphor, potassium nitrate, etc.) However, there were other chemicals on hand that do have me a bit worried such as antimony trioxide, antimony trisulfide, iodine, thermite, and about 4 or 5 jars of powers and liquids with which I do not know the contents. -Are there any resourceful uses of the antimony substances? if not what is the best route of disposing of them? ~ee

This completely shocked the living hell out of me. Earlier tonight, I was helping a buddy out with a project he was doing on his car. His goal was to replace the standard engine valves with some higher performance valves to increase the horsepower and he asked me to help him out. I oblidged and went over after to work to lend him a hand. As he was taking one of the valves out of the box, he dropped it on the cold concrete floor and then something unexpected happen. The lead mallet that was sitting on the table next to the work area got knocked over and fell down onto the valve, bending it a bit. My buddy was a bit pissed at this series of events and slammed the now …

Interesting reaction coke and milk The reaction of phosphoric acid (V) to proteins in the milk - they are cut and causes a precipitate The reaction of phosphoric acid with calcium contained in milk gives rise to a precipitate 3Ca + 2H3PO4 ///\\\ Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2 Video: Source: http://cocacola-and-milk.blogspot.com/ It is a reaction of the Phosphoric Acid contained in the coca cola to the milk. Phosphoric Acid molecules attach to the milk giving them more density and separate out while the remaining liquid that makes up the milk and cocoa cola now being lighter floats on top. The solid matter is basically milk that has been curdled by the addition of the more aci…

Here are my general questions about rust: 1) The melting point of iron is around 2750 F. But at what temperature can small or nano-sized iron oxide flakes "melt" when they are released into the air? 2) When this happens, at approximately what temperature can iron oxide reduction to iron begin to take place? Are there relatively simple ways for to make iron oxide reduce to iron or does this happen only when the temperature exceeds 2750 F (iron's melting point)? 3) At what temperature can small or nano-sized rust flakes reduce to iron and turn into small spheres? Are iron-rich microspheres a byproduct of regular fires at under 2200 F or are they unique to super-hot fires a…

I have been thinking of different ways of storing energy in times of electricity overproduction, in particular electrolysis as it can form relatively good quality energy (chemical energy) that isn't too volatile. Electrolyzing H20 and CO2 into methanol is a way of doing this, but if you want to store electrical energy instead of chemical energy it's not very efficient to just burn the methanol. What would be more efficient is if you could reverse the electrolysis process to turn the chemical energy immideately into electrical energy again, (theoretically) a much more efficient transformation. I have been searching for how high efficiency these energy transformations h…

I found this video on YouTube. She only says the combination is never supposed to happen and she actually mixes sodium on a doll but dosnt explain why. I would like to know.