Chemistry

Hydroxide or OH-, is a common base that's used quite often in the teaching and practical use of chemistry. It is found in many compounds and molecules but there is one thing that bothers me. So if you were to look at the formal charge of a hydroxide molecule, you'll see that there are 6 lone electrons on the oxygen with also a shared electron between the oxygen and the hydrogen. Is this specific molecule formed through the auto-ionization of water? You know where a H20 molecule breaks into OH- and H+. It creates a proton which would make sense if it left its electron for the hydroxide. But then the appearance of OH- in compounds is.. odd. For example in benzoic acid, a hy…

How can make nonpolar oils to polar for mixing with alcohol (ethanol)?

I want to mix olive oil in alcohol but when I added and try to mix them then It's not mixing and generating bubbles, Please describe me proper method to mix any oil in alcohol, Thanks.

Are These Oils Polar Carrot Seed Oil, Peanut Oil, Canola oil, Sun Flower Oil, Soybean oil? Because we need polar oils for mixing with alcohol (ethanol).

Which Oils can easily mix with alcohol?

I have recently been reading a lot of papers of different paleothermometers. The Calcium in calcium carbonate can get replaced by Mg and Sr and people use the ratios of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca to predict past ocean surface temperatures. What I can't seem to understand is why the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca show opposite trends with temperature such that as temperature increases Mg/Ca increases while Sr/Ca decreases. I would have thought they would both increase. Could someone please explain this to me? Thank you

So the title says it all. Why do Pharmacists use a very different definition of valent from Chemists? Is this a good idea?

How much can we get oil from 1kg cloves?

I was researching how to create activated, I found a lot of material and eventually found the easiest method to be to chemically activate the charcoal. The method is fairly easy , but I have no idea what exactly is taking place in the reaction between the sodium chloride solution (dehydrating agent) and the carbon. I understand that the carbon is becoming porous thus increasing the surface area but how and why. Below is a pdf that I was reading on the creation of activated charcoal. Activated Charcoal.pdf

Please suggest me the best chemicals or essential oil that can increase Longevity of Fragrance.

Please share me list of volatile oils.

So basically, this lake has a lot of dissolved CO2, and people are concerned that seismic activity is all it'll take to make life-threatening concentrations of it come out of solution and suffocate nearby villagers. Doesn't limewater react with CO2 to form calcium carbonate? Why not just pour enough quicklime into this lake to convert all the CO2 to chalk?

Hi, I am looking for some advice on Melting Point Apparatus. Does anyone know the best product to use for general lab melting point analysis and any that may be suitable for educational purposes? Thanks!

Hello Everyone, I am trying to calculate critical Temperature and Pressure of binary and ternary mixtures using equation of state. In particular, I am using Peng-Robinson Equation of State. I combined this with Van-der Waals critical criterion to get my result, but am way off experimental data. Vander Waals criteria states: dP/dv = 0 and d2P/dv2=0 My steps: 1. I solve the two partial derivative equations mentioned above to end up with a cubic equation in 'v' (molar volume). Solving this I get the critical molar volume 2. I put this back in either of…

Hello! I'm trying to extract rose oil with steam distillation, I have added oil, almond oil , water and roses flowers in the flask but at the end not getting rose oil only getting water, and rose flowers and Oil remained in flask, Please suggest me best method and chemicals for rose oil extraction, or mention me if i am missing anything in the procedure, Thanks.

how to avoid coconut oil from freezing? Is there any chemical?

Hi everyone, I remember being in a chem lecture a few years back and the professor was talking about all of these common ailments and illnesses that people in the USA suffer from that have been linked to the radiation from testing and even the drops on Japan in WWII. Does anyone know anything about that or have a source for me? I am really interested in this and I'm doing some research.

How can increase Enormous Sillage & Longevity of Coconut Oil Fragrance?

Doing some tests using a gold electrode to split water. Basically I'd like to know if you'd expect what I'm seeing, which is a brown gunk building up on the gold anode and it seeming to be eroded. I was expecting it not to react at all. Set up: 1 micron thick 24 carat gold foil at the positive electrode. 2 square cm. Legit supplier of gold foil. Titanium negative electrode. 4 square centimetres. Sodium hydroxide solution electrolyte. 20 volts. I see 2 amps or so flowing and plenty of bubbles, and unfortunately the gold electrode discolours, some brown gunk builds up on it, and the edges look like they're getting eaten away. I saw in t…

So this site http://www.teachersource.com/ElectricityAndMagnetism/Ferrofluid/FerrofluidPreformDisplayCell.aspx has ferrofluid in a display tube that doesn't get all stained. How in the world did they do that?? I want to do something like this, but shrunk down into pendant size for a necklace. I thought glass would be less likely to stain than plastic, but nothing works to coat it. Has anybody tried filling a container (lava-lamp style)? Is this just mission impossible? Help! Thanks.

Is there any freeware for simulate a chemical kinetic of a reaction?

Hi everybodyI would like to learn how to write a systematic review in the physical chemistry field. To do so, I need to have a systematic review paper in whatever chemistry topic as an example that can help me to learn.Thanks in advance

Once every few days my mom always wipes down cell phones , remote controls, refrigerator handles, etc. with 70 percent isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) I always cleaned my cell phone screen with it. Does it actually kill germs?

Hi. I work in a petrochemical lab, and there is some debate over how much of a difference different weathering techniques have on the final composition of the leftover residue. For instance, say we have a natural crude oil, complete with waxes, asphalts, and all the light-end organic compounds. We reduce the volume by 20% of several portions of this oil using the following methods: Distilling with a rotating distillation device, Distilling with a simple ASTM style method using a round flask sitting in a heating device, Doing both of the previous distillations but under a vacuum, Leaving a pool of the oil in a tray and letting the wind from a f…

Hi everybody, Not sure if it's the right place to ask, but I'll have a go. I have this water-based glue, latex based - not sure of the chemical composition but I would say it's similar to Tearmender. Say you want to glue together a piece of sponge on a piece of wood: with Tearmender, you would have to apply a layer on the sponge and a layer on the piece of wood, wait to dry and attach them together. If you only glue the sponge side, it will not stick to the wood. Question is, can you advise of a tackifier (or resin, or anything else) that can be added to the glue so it becomes tacky, like a 'post it' note? I need enough adhesion to keep the sponge on the w…