Biology

Hi It seems that over the last few years a large number of advances have been made in suspending and reviving organisms that have been clinically dead and temperature reduced (including many higher mammals). The research of Mark B. Roth and Todd Nystul being very good examples - see http://URL removed It seems however that cryonics (also known as suspended animation) is not treated by scientists as anything more than pseudo science. This results in a distinct lack of interest and funding in this area. Something that I think is a shame when one considers the vast benefits to medicine and to humanity that would be gained from being able to suspend a sick or d…

If we look at our ecosystem - it's one huge domestic war - organisms uses most of energy on competition, fight... It's mainly energy from the cleanest, never ending source - the sun. In the times of threat of energy crisis, overpopulation, one of our hope could be increasing the effectiveness of this changing solar energy into needed sugars, proteins. The other thing is that we are geting closer to the concept of creating completely new ecosystems, like on Mars, where this effectiveness of development of ecosystem is essential for the whole project. I would like to initiate a discussion about the possibility of such increase of effectiveness: is it possible and ho…

I was wondering about the effect on homeostatic regulation of imbibing hot fluids such as tea and coffee. In particular I was wondering about the effects of so doing during a period of hot weather and high humidity. I suppose one should really frame the question around the drinking of hot water, as the caffeine content of tea and coffee may introduce variables, but as most of us drink our hot water with caffeine in it, perhaps not! Do you think there is any truth to the notion that drinking hot fluids during hot weather is both refreshing and in some way keeps the drinker cool, and why? Cheers

hi I would like to know about these things... structure of micro-organisms culturing micro-organisms life processes of micro-organisms I am just starting a biology course so if it is possible could someone please tell me about these things? thanks

Which type of organic molecule would be the most advantageous for energy storage? Why?

What would the configuration of phospholipids that are immersed in water be?

No I'm not asking how to pass one. I'm asking how they work. Recently my brother had to undergoe a urinalysis at his job and i've been wondering how they work. So, THC is fat soluble. So when you're getting rid of it wouldn't be coming out the other end? What does a drug test actually test for?

I have tried to use the following method to precipitate out DNA, let's see if it is feasible. I have prepared two small bottles of liquids/solutions, one is distilled water and another is my cheek cells in distilled water; on the other hand, I also have a bottle of concentrated sucrose solution. After mixing each liquids/solutions with the conc. sucrose solution, one with cheek cells have white precipitate seen while another does not. I doubt if those ppt. contain DNA or not. And if it is, mechanism could be like this. When cheek cells are exposed to distilled water, which is of zero water potential, higher than that in cheek cells, thus water migrates into cells by osmo…

We're learning about CNS (central Nerve System) and the PNS (peripheral Nerve system). The other day when I was in class and we were discussing the involuntary reactions, such as the knee bending when a large enough hit goes to your knee. Does anyone know why we have these reactions? Or is it some strange left over from evolution like goosebumps.

The cell or the code? Such as the cell or RNA/DNA.

I am looking for an excel spread sheet calculator for biomass fuel equivalents and conversions, wherein I can plug in pounds or kilograms per hour of biomass, bone dry basis, and also plug in an assumed conversion efficiency, and have solutions in either co generated steam, in pounds per hour and / or solutions of kilowatt hours of electricity generated by either a co gen back pressure turbine generator set or a full condensing turbine generator set. I don’t need this for precise engineering calculations, so much (I am not designing boilers or power islands) I simply need to illustrate, for financial purposes, the assumed value of things like wood waste if consumed as an …

Do you think humans cultures could qualify as phenotypic difference in human organisms? I mean the relation to phenotype to genotype aside, mainly just on phenotype here to be discussed in relation to human cultures. Now I know this supposes that humans are social animals, something I tent to agree with overall, but it does not have to be taken into account overall I think to discuss the question posed.

I am studying mammalian immunology this summer holiday, and I am reading a relevant book. It is said that immunogenicity of a substance depends partly on its molecular size and chemical complexity; assume other things being equal, a foreign substance of molecular size higher than 100000 Da or above tends to be better immunogen that which below; and a chemically more complex substance tends to be a better immunogen than which simpler. However, there is no further explanation about these, I would know why such 'rules' determine, though partly, the immunogenicity of a substance. Thanks.

A friend showed me this the other day, and I think it looks promising. What do you guys think? http://www.eol.org/

It is known that agrobacterium is capable of inserting part of its DNA in its own genome to plant cell in form of Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid. Ti plasmid includes genes for enzymes for production of special enzymes which use plant cell as factory of food for the bacteria, and gene for production of plant hormone such as PGH. My question is that, as Ti plasmid only includes part of the bacterium's genome, how is such plasmid be produced? and by what sort of mechanism? Also, I would like to know how could a so-called bridge formed between the bacterium and the plant cell for the transfer of, in this case, the Ti plasmid?

As I was sitting at my horrible temp job thinking I wish I was somewhere else, earlier as I was testing out there sensors and everyone looking at me as if I was crazy I realized something. How is it I could picture myself on a beach without having the input? Or in other words how does my brain project an image or even save an image without my eyes even being need. It just dawn on me as being weird....

RNA triplets have their corresponding tRNAs and hence amino acids, this has been discovered in the past. And I know that the first coden be deciphered is UUU, which is known to be corresponding to phenylalanine, this was done by synthesizing a poly-U chain from uracil monomers by special enzyme (I would also like to know what this enzyme is...). However, when came to cases like AGC or AUG or any other coden which is not composed of single kind of nucleotide, how could the polymer chain be synthesized? it should be related to enzymes, but I would like to know the procedures to achieve this aim.

Could anyone explain to me nerve signals in particular action potential and the Myelin Steath? Also animal electricty with Luigi Galvani? Thankyou if you can P.s sorry if this in wrong section, new user:)

There is a fairly impressive frog population in my pond this year (more than half a dozen, at least) and I was wondering if anyone here could tell me what type (species?) of frog it is from this photo? (click for a little bit bigger)

I have heard the term 'meme' from the book The Selfish Gene' written by Richard Dawkins, who introduced this term in chapter 11. It is claimed that the so-called meme could be a new replicator other than genes, in which is replicated from brain to brain; besides, it is said that memes which lowers survival rate of the possessor of that meme could evolve as there is nothing to do with the survival rate of the host but all which matter is the meme itself, just like genes in the selfish gene theory. However, if memes 'have to' replicate from brain to brain, this type of dispersal of memes involve 'machines' which involve organic living things, which is the product or phenot…

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/deepjungle/episode2_nicholas.html

I'm in a human bone class and we were discussing c3 and c4 pathways in relation to determining diet in ancient people's. What is the actual process taking place? Why do they have distinctive qualities?

There is a bacteria the can turn starch into butanol ; a great sub four gasoline. If you have the right setup you can reach 80% or 160 proof with out distilation. It is possable to just skim from the top and feed to the bottom so you would in theory have a continuous operation. However, I can;t remeber the name of this microbe. ** (lots of starch around) Can any body tell me the name of this organism and where to get some? It also makes acetone. I think acetone is part of the name.

Photoreactivation of Escherichia coli after Low- or Medium-Pressure UV Disinfection Determined by an Endonuclease Sensitive Site Assay what is this experiment about? what will be needed to do this experiment? how will this be done? is it safe to do this experiment in school?

I was just wondering if there is a simple way that a large tree can be killed. I know that you could ring-bark it or even dig up some of its main roots and cut them. But does anyone know of a method that is less noticeable, maybe some sort of poision or something that could be used to leech toxins into the tree? Any help would be wonderful