Genetics

Ok, for my background I am a college student. I confess to not knowing biology or genetics or even engineering for that matter. I have read some books on genetics and I am particularly interested in gene-therapy. But I have read that genetics is related in many ways to cryptography. I have tried here at SFN in a math post to solve the Prime-product problem. I have had little success so far. I have a polynomial which if you already know the Prime numbers proves true, but by itself I cannot solve the resulting equation. I have tried geometry and am currently looking at other methods. My question is how do you read the genetic code chemically? I have seen some basic expe…

Hello I was thinking about such thing: There's more less educable people than market needs, and on the other hand, imho tech advance needs more smart people. Was there any research on smartness genes, for example on the principle of comparing genes of better, and worse achieving ? It would be interesting race into future to improve human dna (not minding ethics for now) Thanks for opinions

I'm trying to create an experiment involving the lac operon and for it I need to know a general timeline for protein synthesis. Is there a standard time in the bacteria's life where it begins production of the repressor protein for this operon? Where can I find this information?

I have few question regarding DNA Ladder. I need to understand this terms. I tried google and mostly I'm lost in halfway... So here we go... 1. What is DNA ladder? 2. What is the difference between 100bp and 1000bp DNA ladder? 3. How does the multiplex pcr works? 4. What are the flowchart/procedure/overview/explanation for testing stability of 100bp dna ladder generated from multiplex pcr? Hope someone can help me TYVM

Red is my answer. This is the answer I got for the chart. In this chart I created the trait (black) as recessive. Can anyone explain to my why it does not work? The answer is that the trait is autosomal dominant. I am not sure why that is. Also, what should the chart look like? Tnx.

Does anyone know what percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms within a gene body regulate expression of genes other than the one in which the SNP is found in? In a related question, what is the disadvantage of associating an intragenic GWAS SNP to the gene in which it is located? We'd be very grateful for any insights to these questions. Many thanks in advance.

Hello Consider the next situation which was given in a previous edition of an exam including medical genetics: Young boy Vincent has fallen victim to a disease which is inherited autosomally dominantly. One gene evolved in the pathogenesis of the disease is known: KTR2. None of his parents have mutated KTR2 genes. a) Which 2 phenomena are you going to explain to the parent? b) Which are the repetition risks for the parents? And for Vincent himself? --- a) To me, it seems as if there's a mosaicism in the gametes of (one of) the parents. That, or the mutation is a de novo mutation. Both phenomena will be explained to the parents and this question is sol…

I am currently working on my master thesis and I have calculated some individual inbreeding coefficients and Fis per population. Can someone explain why Fis for a population is negative (e.g. -0.011) and individual inbreeding coefficients of that population are all positive / mean individual inbreeding coefficient of that population is positive (e.g. 0.242)? Fis values were calculated in FSTAT program. And individual inbreeding coefficients were calculated in PLINK software. (SNPs that had LD>0.1, MAF < 0.05 and more than 10% missed genotypes were excluded from the original dataset before analysis) I hope someone has an answer to my question. Thanks in adv…

A female astronaut from earth was on a mission to Jupiter. There, she met a charming alien man. The two hit it off and decided to build a house in one of the twelve moons of Jupiter and start a family. Just like us, the aliens of Jupiter have 46 chromosomes and identical DNA sequence and epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. However, they completely look different than us. They have giant ears and are twice our size. Their gestation period is 12 months instead of 9 months (it is part of the biology of their placenta and has nothing to do with the environment or size of babies). The astronaut and her alien mate welcomed a baby girl into their family. Interesting…

You have a DNA template containing a p53 binding site that is 1 kilobasepair upstream of the core promoter. You also have the following purified proteins: p53 m,ediator, TFIIB, TFIID, and RNA Polymerase II. Feel free to clone/express/purify modified versions of the proteins or additional protein reagents if necessary. I would like to design an in vitro experiment (i.e. not in cells) that will determine the frequency and duration (i.e. dynamics) of transcription factor mediated looping of the DNA template. How can I set this up and what should I use as positive and negative controls. Thanks

Hey guys, I need some help wrapping my head around a study on the genetics of Schizophrenia. Perhaps you guys could lend me a hand? 1.) How does a Manhattan plot work? I understand the Y-Axis shows significance and the X-Axis shows the location on the genome/chromosome, but how does the individual data add up? I would have expected one value per point on the X-Axis (that is, the value of significance that a given SNP is associated with an increased risk in the disease group). Alternatively, I could explain up to four values on the X-Axis (that is, the respective significance of an SNP (G,A,C or T) being associated with an increased risk in the disease group). A…

What do you think are the pros and cons to three parent babies and what are some common mitochrondrial diseases (other than Leigh syndrome)?

Franz Boas, "father of American anthropology", is well known for his work on racial differences. He apparently demonstrated that cephalic index, thought to be a racial trait, changed in different environments. Recent analysis suggests his finding was manufactured by cherry-picking data. "Using the recent reanalysis by Gravlee et al. (2003), we can observe in Figure 2 that the maximum difference in cranial index due to immigration (in Hebrews) is much smaller than the maximum ethnic difference, between Sicilians and Bohemians. It shows that long headed parents produce long headed offspring and vice versa. To make the argument that children of immigrants converge on…

Testing colorism using genomic data without phenotypic data Clear Language, Clear Mind May 20, 2016 by Emil O. W. Kirkegaard Normally, testing colorism or other causal models of why human racial traits have nonzero relationships to socioeconomic outcomes requires that one has the following data: Measure of racial ancestry Measures of racial appearance Measures of socioeconomic outcomes such as income or educational attainment Path model wise, one can think of it this way: Discrimination models involve the Race-based discrimination node, while the familial (genetic or shared environmental) involve the human capital traits route. Thus, a strong test of …

For the past few months, I've been thoroughly studying the Race-IQ debate; being black myself, I wanted to be armed and ready to confront any racialist I might happen to debate with, using cold, hard facts. But along the way, I found myself on a rather contradictory roller-coaster. At several points, I was forced to question the things I'd learned about race and equality for my entire life; of course this was uncomfortable, even devastating for me; psychology, a topic once so engaging and fascinating to me, became tinged with the darkness of what I'd read. The search for objective sources was endless, and mostly unsuccessful. At times, I believed the hereditarians; then i…

This has been driving my crazy the last 2 days. I can't find it on Google, cause I dont know the exact question to ask..and my friends dont know either. What is the genetic term that states: an individuals genetic disorder can be somewhat hidden if their enviornment provides the necessary factors that they are deficient in. For example: I have a genetic disorder where I cannot make metabolite A, but in my enviornment, my diet provides metabolite A, so my effects of my genetic disorder are not very apparent. Any guesses? ~EE

1. To seach for information about a gene: function, location and structure, RNA or protein; visualize protein coding sequence and untranslated regions, obtain cDNA sequence; links to other databases. NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Select database from the dropdown menu and search for the gene or protein of interest using the official name or the reference number. 2. To identify the gene/protein based on the sequence; search for homology between two species Blast https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi Copy the sequence of interest and paste it into the blast window. Select pblast for protein or nblast for nucleotide sequences; then click BLAS…

Hi, Can anybody give me a link to an introduction to the de novo mutations in the human genome ? It seems to be related to autism. Thanks, ES111

I was hoping someone could give me an answer, or at least a good place to start on this question i have. I'm a writer and am currently playing with the idea of mutations w/in the human body (chromosomes, genes, etc), focusing on the effects that melanin would have as a mutation. If, in theory, the melanin was affected by the genetic mutation, what would be the most realistic outcome of skin/hair/eye color? Would it be realistic to have natural colors darken dramatically, natural colors lighten, or even have a mutation of unnatural colors mixing into hair/skin/eyes? I want to state that I am not, in any way, scientifically inclined enough to ask this the way…

My wife and I are the children of immigrants from two different continents. Both sets of parents are from cultures that encourage marriage within the culture, so there isn't a lot of ethnic variation on either side. We both have black hair as do all four of our parents and all of the grandparents that I have seen. So now we have two children of our own in their teens. Both of our children have medium brown hair. I think the odds of that happening naturally are remote and am leaning toward a paternity test to see if our fertility specialist decided to "help things along", especially after recent headlines. Both children were conceived artificially, with my semen, two …

Using certain proteins I found that it is possible to use embryo-genesis in order to transform a snake into a whole new species. In order to due so I need to acquire very sophisticated proteins such as: F4A, N5V, H6A, Q7L, S9G, Q10A, P11N, Q12A, T13V, T14A, K15A, T16A, ΔS18, E21A, Y25F, Q28A, S30A, T35A, I36R, P44V, T45A, V46A, K47A, P48Q, I50Q, and S53A.F4A, N5V, H6A, Q7L, S9G, Q10A, P11N, Q12A, T13V, T14A, K15A, T16A, ΔS18, E21A, Y25F, Q28A, S30A, T35A, I36R, P44V, T45A, V46A, K47A, P48Q, I50Q, and S53A.- all mutations of certain toxins from a sea snake using mutagenesis that happens to pick up on residual receptors. Then using camouflage receptors to manipulate light a…

I'm using a standard PCR protocol of the Kapa Hifi Hotstart mix that's proven effective with all my previous primers. I'm doing direct PCR with horse hair roots, but now I'm getting very weak and hazy bands when I run a gel. I've played around with the MgCl2 and primer concerntrations, and also used various amounts of template (2 - 7 hairs), but nothing seems to work. When I sequenced the samples with the weak bands the sequencer stopped base-calling close to where the primer ends. I ran a gradient and know that the best amplification temp. is 54 - 56'C, so I think that's alright. I'm increasing the extension time at the moment, and also increased the denaturing temp.

Is it possible to genetically modify a plant (such as a potato or soy bean) to withstand a soil PH 9+.

Hi, If only one strand (the antisense strand) of dsDNA is used as a template to synthesise mRNA then why is gene dosage a thing? Two copies of the gene = one copy able to be transcribed into mRNA, one copy could mean there is one or no template available to be transcribed, depending upon whether that copy is sense or antisense? thanks in advance, O.

I'm trying to understand ploidy and something is not making sense to me. can anyone help? wheat (Triticum aestivum) has haploid number n=21 (there are 3 copies of each type of chromosome in the gamete, so the monoploid number, x=7) its somatic cells are described as having 2n=6x=42 chromosomes. (double what is in a gamete or 6 copies of the 7 different chromosomes) This makes perfect sense to me except for the 2n part. I thought that 2n implied that a cell is diploid (i.e. two sets of chromosomes) but the wheat cell has 6 sets of chromosomes. So apparently I don't understand what 2n really means. What would be an example of something that is 6N??