es111

The study of the human psychism is not yet a science because ther is a lack in a "common" definition of an ordinary mental state and a lack in a "common" description of the ordinary transformations of these states. Psychiatry lists the different disorders (cf DSM 5) but is ther a descritpion of a normal case ? Freud, Jung and many others decribed the psyschysm with their own model but there is no consensus about these models. Neurology is best understood with the study of the neurones, the glial cells and their connections. So it is always difficult to prescribe a medication (derived from the knowledge in neurology) and to apply it in psychiatry (without knowing the principles). And it is much more dangerous for the multiple therapies based on uncertain models.

Hi, Can anybody give me a link to an introduction to the de novo mutations in the human genome ? It seems to be related to autism. Thanks, ES111

In observational comsology how can we sure that the oberved objects (galaxies) are all distinct and not (for many ?) a different image of the same source via the gravitational lensing effect ? Thanks. ES111

See also the paper arxiv.org/abs/1607.03143v2 (last revised = 11 nov 2016) with a value of 67.6 km/s/Mpc. No reference in this paper to Riess's value (73).

Hi Mordred, Glad to please you. ES111

Hello Mordred, Riess's paper reference : https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01424 where he gives a value of 73 km/s/Mpec. Yours friendly, ES111

Thanks to Mordred for his answer. But such a difference between the 2 values and the Ries's confidence in his result plus what he replied in the Scientific American of July 2016 (p. 5 Riess and Livio reply) do not exclude something else (they wrote : potential errors or some new physics). What I do not well understand is the moment of the rate of expansion : Planck mission gives a value of the expansion for the present time or the time of the decoupling of light- matter ?

The measured value of the Hubble constant depends on the observations : Planck Mission gives a value near 68 km/s/Mpc and Ries (HST) gives a value of 73 km/s/Mpc. Does the standard model ask a constant value for all the periods ?