Anatomy, Physiology and Neuroscience

Hello, there is a diagram where the concentration of filtered Na+ is given in different parts of the nephron (blood, primary urine, proximale tubule, interdemiate tubule, ascending distal tubule, convoluted distal tubule, collecting duct, secondary urine). Now one is supposed to sketch an analogal diagram under the influence of Aldosterone/Furosemide. I've been researching for hours now, so I've decided to ask if someone happens to know how to calculate/estimate the influence of Aldosterone/Furosemide on the concentration of sodium accurately. Best regards, -r

I'm aware that veins act as a reservoir for blood but laws of flow should still hold and increasing the internal radius should reduce resistance and increase flow. Am I missing something here?

Dear all lovers of physiology! I've been at a class of physiology yesterday around the topic "Chemo-physical aspects of how an action potential is done". The instructor said that there's a current of charges and another, current of ions. While 'charge current' precedes the 'ions current'. I didn't understand the meaning, although I asked him several times, still didn't find out the concept! Is anyone here can help me through this confusion?! Wishes, Sina

why retina dis-attachment some times can cause that - the person can see places close to the top of her/his head, the bottom of his/her chin, that is, those places normal eyes can not see.

Do you think gut microbiome has a potential to affect non-hippocampal neurogenesis via some mechanism (like modulation of neural stem cells org glia to neuron conversion)? It definitely does impact neurogenesis in the hippocampus/SVZ.

Where exactly is Inferior Supra Credulus in the brain? I've read that it's a brain region controlling guillibility

When eye doctors check the the back of eyes. why sometimes they can not see some people's retinas clearly? What is the problems cause you can see a person's retinas clearly? usually the person has bad eyes, but what is the problem?

Does the brain predict immediate and long term consequences of actions differently? What abnormalities in the brain can compromose one's ability to predict consequences of actions?

Why do some people need more novelty than others? Like some people can visit the same few places over and over again while others need to visit new ones constantly and feel bad if forced to stay in one place etc etc Is it because their brain actually detect less novelty or because they do detect novelty but value it more strongly?

I read essays and studies about things like HDAC and KDAC and their operation the body, and go to Guytons Physiology for a base reference about these and other subjects, but no mention at all. Why would this be? Is there a better text than Guyton's? Thank you

Why so little neurobiological research ? I dont understand that?

Hi, I wonder if there are main anatomical or physiological variations between people living in different countries. Thanks In Advance.

How does motivation work in the brain? How does it work that one person when faced with some issue is super motivated to solve it while another is completely passive and does nothing?

I am researching a problem my friend has. Anytime she drinks water she feels nauseous. It doesn't matter what type of water. Tap, boiled, bottled, spring, reverse osmosis filtered, cold, warm, room temp., etc. ALL water makes her nauseated. Normally I would think she might have some kind of mental aversion but it turns out her mother also has this same exact issue. If you have this issue please comment. I would like to know your blood type and rh factor (-/+). Just being curious. Thank you.

Is there a particle?

The picture says "subjective intensity of experience and perception". What does it mena?

How much would development of neuroscience be sped up if a portable neuroimaging technique as good as MRI/fMRI but helmet sized and costing 10-25% the price of an MRI machine became available?

What brain areas are active when one experiences positive emotions? If of course amygdala is involved in negative emotions but not all nuclei IIRC. What about positive ones?

What if there was an individual that had a hypoconnected Default Mode Network but more strongly connected Task Positive Network? What would mental and psychological characteristics of such an individuum be?

What happens to a white matter tract if it's used more? Like if the frontolimbic connections are used more, do they get more myelinated?

I'm reading this anatomy book for artists, and there's a question that made me curious which probably a book for artists will not answer. I'm working on the skeleton now, and have just learned about the spine, and we're moving on to the upper limbs. Now, as I understand, the only bones connecting the arm bones (the humerus) to the rest of the skeleton, are the collar bones (clavicles), is that correct? I see there are the shoulder blades (scapulae) as well, but these do not seem to be connected to the rest of the skeleton, they are floating. Furthermore, the clavicles aren't really connected directly to the spine, but instead to the sternum, which is in turn connected to …

This very question prompts another neat question, is anal sex instinctual? I know dogs prefer anal sex, just like humans. It questions so much, all the non-sexual activity, so called 'foreplay', are instinctual too?

No one really seems to have to teach another how to kiss, so is it instinctual, or is it just a way that people have found to express their love to one another that has no root in reproduction? I guess to find out this answer, I could find out if chimpanzees or other close relatives of the homo sapiens kiss.

I don't have a photographic or eidetic memory but I have an extremely good memory for details and information. I can remember the plots of books I read years ago, and dialogue and scenes from movies. I remember things from as far back as 2 years of age with strong clarity. I can even remember obscure conversation topics I had years ago, dreams I had years ago, and even feelings I've had at certain ages. When I say feelings, I mean my perspectives based on my age. How I felt the time I liked a girl, things that seemed bigger or more challenging when I was younger like giving up the bottle or pacifier etc. I also get aggravated when people repeat things as I have remembered…

Are you able to blur your vision whenever you like and for as long as you want, to switch from sharp to blur in a second at your own command? this involves the conscious control of the ciliary muscles which are in charge of the auto focus of your vision. The talent involves neurosensory and neuromuscular pathways and controls. I would like to know your opinion as I have been asking to several research institutes and it seems the ability is not really known, only few people can do it naturally did you know about this?