Modern and Theoretical Physics

I was wondering 🤔 one day and came up to a question 'where does all the energy goes?' For e.g. I hit a football so in that scenario I transfer my energy to the ball, now the ball strikes the ground, my first doubt is 'so where is the energy now? Is it in the ball or has the energy transfered to the ground. If the energy transfered into the ground then how much energy ground can store because then there will be humongous amount of energy transformation through football on the ground. Or if the ball stores the energy, so when other person also hit it then at what limit can the ball hold the energy'. I'm genuinely confused. I might be missing some basic concepts in this pro…

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66964430 "This year's Nobel Prize in Physics rewards experiments with light that capture "the shortest of moments" and opened a window on the world of electrons." Seems like a very big deal.They seem to be saying that practical or theoretical consequences may be in the pipeline. Does anyone here have an understanding on the ongoing research into this field?

In the big bang theory, there was an infinitely hot, infinitely dense singularity. Isn't temperature the emittance of photons, and photons according to the current model, didn't exist for around 380,000 years after the big bang. So how could the singularity be hot if there were no particles to vibrate. Am I confusing energy with temperature? can you have energy without temperature? and how can you explain density without matter. Apologies for the stupid questions, I just want to start a conversation. Thanks

In boosted fission and fusion bombs what is the ratio of deuterium to tritium?

encountered the following paper while doing research on Big Bang nucleosynthesis. I was looking at how the PMNS mixing matrix was developed when I came across the following this article seems to imply that leptogenesis and subsequently Baryogenesis can be explained via the Higgs seesaw via the Right hand neutrino mixing angles. I question the accuracy of this claim so will be examining it further but felt posting here may interest other members as well.

If we had a ball made of negative mass and a ball made of positive mass would they attract each other, repel each other, or would each only attract the same mass + or - . In other words would negative mass attract another negative mass like positive mass does but repel or attract a mass of the opposite mass?

When will all new knowledge from James Webb Space Telescope be available in book/-s? Are at present any new knowledge from James Webb Space Telescope available? If so please mention it or them.

Can a computer program be made that fully and accurately simulates an electron?

"Everything is fields",I heard Sean Carroll say in a lecture. So I am wondering how they work. How do they interact with each other(is it via their particles/excitations?) and what is speculated to be their relationship/interactions with the gravity field? As I have understood it there are as many fields as there are fundamental particles. Is there any idea of why there are as many fundamental particles as there are ?

Let's say you point a laser at your eyeball.. you end up seeing where the laser is in terms of location and not seeing it where the laser hits your eye. Does this make sense? Imagine you had a blue flashlight that shined on your eye.. it hits all parts of your eye so shouldn't you see the blue taking up your whole field of vision and not justthe small area where you would see it since it's hitting all parts of your eye? This goes with looking at all objects.. if we really see because of light rays shining off objects and hitting our eyes.. this is weird to me is it weird to everyone else? I hope I'm explaining this correctly and you understand what I'm trying to say!

Does there exist an ''electrical circuit'' between the Earth and Moon ? This question being based on conductance !

Gravity keeps our feet firmly on the ground but what force causes thermal energy and light to travel through space ? Is it a second type of gravity ?

Has physics stagnated for seventy years on this dilemma?

Does the fact that set of real numbers is uncountable, as opposed to rational numbers, for example, play any role anywhere in physics? More generally, do infinite cardinal numbers play any role anywhere in physics? For example, in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, does it make a difference if the number of dimensions is countable or uncountable?

Hello. I am not a scientist, nor do I know where to put this, sorry. Was at work and started thinking about how we're able to see colors. It reflects every other color and holds the one you see, and it got me thinking about metallic surfaces and more specifically chrome. If chrome wasn't "shiny" then what color would it reflect if not all the ones around it? Would it be black, grey, or white? Anyways, my thoughts led to light, if light were "physical particles", and surely they'd have to be in this "dimension", how are we able to see through them? If we can see through them then how are they emitting light? Are they just small enough to float around like a gas, or li…

I was reading up on the equilibrium relationship of ortho and para (molecular) hydrogen (ortho having proton spins in parallel alignment, para ant-parallel). With para hydrogen being the lower energy state, relatively pure para hydrogen (~99.8%) can be obtained by chilling pure hydrogen down to around 20 K and keeping it there for a couple of days. If this is rapidly heated to a more moderate temperature and then kept fully insulated, the gas will slowly lose temperature as the the appropriate ortho/para equilibrium is established. Essentially an endothermic reaction. Though it can take several days to do this. It's sort of a remarkable behaviour in itsel…

I had this idea that I thought was interesting and wanted to share it with more knowledgeable people to see what they thought. I consider myself less than a physics newbie so please go easy on me if this is ridiculous or explained somewhere and I just didn’t find it. Anyway, the gist of the idea is this; Dark matter is basically an energy communications/transmission network for light energy made of de-energized photons. Since photons have no mass when they're de-energized they're undetectable. We don’t see photons move, but rather we see energy transferring from one photon to another. That energy transfer is so fast that it looks as if it’s the same photon moving but…

Could it be said that there is a causal relationship between the way things work at the quantum level and the way they work at the macro level? Would it be something of a one way street?(ie is the quantum more fundamental and the classical more derivative?) Is causal the wrong word, might "emerge from" be closer? I am fishing here, but are there any (maybe many?) phenomena that could be described as both quantum and classical or is that just a bad way to look at it in the first place?

NOTE: The book Quantum Ring Theory was published in 2006 by the Bauu Institute Press. The Editor Peter Jones died more than ten years ago, and a second edition was never published, and will never be published. Thus, new books can no longer be purchased, and currently there are only old first edition books, which belong to collectors. In 2018 I submitted to the nuclear physics journal European Physical Journal A the article Proposal of an experiment able to eliminate the controversy: are right or wrong the foundations of the Standard Nuclear Theory? The reason for submitting my article was because, according to the new nuclear model (prop…

I am the sole author of this work, all rights are reserved to me. Elastic Action: A Wedding of Quantum Field Theory with the General Relativiatic Action This tackles a question on how Sakharov's ground state field for virtual particles enters the gravitational action. In it I conclude that maybe the cosmological constant is in fact a renormalization constant which is only set to zero for flat Euclidean spacetime. The jury us still out, but most respected astrophysicist tend to agree that while spacetime looks quite flat, it probably isn't exactly flat, it's just a very good approximation and his equations on a cosmological scale would predict a small curv…

Particles being points is in conflict with our common sense notion that they are "something".

The electrons in a vertical magnetic field circulate around the field lines, if they are injected in a horizontal plane. I observed this in my simulation program. Everything normal, in accordance with Lorentz's law. However, when I created an electric field by placing two charged rings in the simulation space, the electrons, still move in similar little circles, but also move in a “big circle”… And the radius of this big circle seems to be, more or less, independent of the magnetic and electric field, and it also does not matter, more or less, in which direction the electrons are injected. Curious… Does anyone know this behaviour? Has anyone obse…

The Smallest Black Hole Say a black hole's Schwarzchild radius is equal to the Planck length then a horizontal formula can be established as [math]A = 4\pi \ell^2[/math] [1]. I've tried to find an analogue of this set up online but can't find any reading material on it. I'll expand further on this at the end and ask a few questions. We start with the equation for the Schwarzschild radius: [math]R_s = \frac{2Gm}{c^2}[/math] where G is the gravitational constant, m is the mass of the black hole, and c is the speed of light. If the black hole has a Schwarzschild radius equal to the Planck length, we have: [math]\frac{2Gm}{c^2} = \ell_P…

I have read that Blackholes have properties Mass, Charge and Angular Momentum, and that the Event Horizon is the boundary between where spacetime is curved so much that all paths converge, and between where there are some paths that could diverge. Putting aside Hawking Radiation, apparently "nothing?" can leave the EH. As far as I understand, the "nothing" refers to anything with mass and any form of electromagnetism such as light, and perhaps categories of other things. So if electromagnetic waves cannot exit the EH, how does the charge of the Blackhole create the electromagnetic effect that propagates around the black hole due to that charge? Likewise wi…

Today I have been reading Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions by Edwin Abbott Things get quite weird, but in an intriguing way. And I have only touched the surface of this book. While digging around the internet, I read online in an article that Gravity would not work in a Theoretical 2D World. This got me questioning! What other Physical properties would also be different. Modern Knowledge explains that things in our universe are made of ATOMS, a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons. I assumed, before researching anything, that atoms themselves would be 3 Dimensional themselv…