Sensei

Sensei means teacher in Japanese. I am just learning quantum physics. Instead of humiliation, I prefer to learn layman something. Prior mine post there was no single post about science. Just gibberish. Being scientist means being Sensei, being teacher, to humanists, and other people that didn't learn in school how Universe is working. Be Sensei. be teachers, At least on physics forums.. Spread knowledge, instead of humiliation. It means you have to explain everything. If you don't have time, ignore post, and let other explain things. Why I always have to be the first one to mention absorption or emission? That should be mentioned in the first reply to initial post?! OP, being layman, doesn't know how to describe it in scientific terms, but scientists should see what is meant from context. Even if not proper words are used.

elizsia, what you said in post #1 is pretty much layman version of annihilation, pair production, absorption, emission, fusion and decay from normal quantum physics. Take for example reaction of making electron and positron: [math]\gamma + 1.022 MeV \rightarrow e^- + e^+[/math] High energy photon is turning to electron and positron. Photon has at least double energy than electron and positron. Photon is neutral particle, electron is negative charge particle, positron is positive charge particle. Thus charge prior reaction is equal to charge post reaction. Electron and positron have rest-mass/energy 510998.928 eV/c2. It's exactly (2*510998.928 eV/c2)*c2 = 1.022 MeV Energy prior reaction is equal energy post reaction. Even though it's in rest-mass of newly produced particles. If more energy photon is used, newly created electron and positron have more kinetic energy. If less energy photon is used, nothing happens, there is no pair production. Instead there could be Compton scattering. That is, charged particle is absorbing energy from photon, being accelerated, and newly made photon has smaller energy, smaller frequency, higher wavelength.. Photon is gone. It turned to pair of charged, massive particles. If charged particle will meet charged its anti-particle, they will annihilate, producing photons back. If you accelerate charged particle, it has higher kinetic energy, moves faster, has higher relativistic mass, and upon hitting some object that kinetic energy can create photon, and initial particle is decelerated. I suggest you reading following articles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_emission https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_emission https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering If you're interested in the reactions happening in core of star, I wrote them in f.e. this thread: http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/85656-solar-fusion-neutrinos-and-age-of-solar-system/ Annihilation of electrons and positrons is responsible for 7.65% of energy emitted by our Sun. In plentiful of reactions if photon is absorbed, it's gone from system, it can be later emitted, after shorter or longer delay. If you would be the real scientists you would like to measure time while photon is absorbed and emitted. But there are reactions such as pair production, when photon turns to matter and antimatter, they can be in that state indefinitely long time.. Counted in even billions of years. Photon (light) is term used to describe particle with neutral charge, which disappears after absorption, and appears after emission. Traveling with speed of light, between absorption and emission. When photon is absorbed it contribute to total energy of system. But they no longer travel at speed of light.

You should verify competitors product whether it's Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, or whether it's Calcium Sulfate CaSO4. It can be either of them mixed together, in various percentages. Calcium carbonate undergoes reaction with Acetic Acid: CaCO3+2CH3COOH->Ca(CH3COO)2+CO2+H2O It releases Carbon Dioxide CO2 gas bubbles and water, and creates Calcium acetate. So, first verify product of your businessman, dissolving it in acetic acid, then repeat the same with competitors product. If they were pure Calcium Carbonate, there should be no significant amount of remains. Calcium acetate is quite good soluble in water 34.7 g/100 mL @ 20 C. For 100 grams of Calcium Carbonate, you will need ~120 grams of Acetic Acid, which is approximately 1200 mL of Acetic Acid 10% by volume. Shouldn't you in that case think how to make electricity in the first place? Solar panel for $250-$300 can give you ~200 Watts, and working "forever", say 30 years, without any additional serious costs.. That is $0.02 (2 cents) per day of working. https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=solar+panel+200w

Do you have any idea how much power is needed to send data to satellite? See mobile phones, what they have range.. See WiFi routers, what they have range. Approximately 100 meters in free from buildings area. And they are connected to AC mains. So they don't need to worry about energy consumption. And still their range is very low. For the same reason, radio controlled devices like drone have range limit. Have a read here f.e. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_%28radio%29 Also inverse square law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law The smaller power can be used when there is used directional antenna, but this requires knowing exactly where is object that should receive our signal. Precision to mili meters is needed and antenna must have their own motors to control axes.

If you shine light on f.e. metallic sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, If light has correct color (frequency,wavelength,energy), electrons are ejected, and accelerated accordingly to photon energy minus energy needed to ejection. If color is wrong (too low frequency/too low energy) nothing happens. In classic physics energy of light is same when we shine f.e. double intensity of red light, as half intensity of blue/violet light. Blue/violet light has approximately double frequency of red light. But if it's done with photoelectric effect, light with wrong color is not ejecting electrons. Even though intensity is very high. Energy of photon is E=h*f If we multiply it by quantity of photons (intensity), we get total energy of light. If you sum all energies of all photons all frequencies, you have total energy of f.e. white light, or multi-color light.

There are even mediums which change refraction index, thus speed of light in medium, after applying to medium external electric field, or external magnetic field. It's done f.e. placing electromagnet near medium, and passing light through medium, when electromagnet is turned on, and when electromagnet is turned off, and comparison between them.

Indeed, speed of light, while passing through medium varies from the one in vacuum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light#In_a_medium

To really explain black hole formation there is needed quantum physics and general relativity unification..

You need to have high voltage generator such as Van der Graaf generator, or Cockcroft-Walton generator, fill tube with noble gases, and provide high voltage electrodes to it, to ionize gas. At least.

f.e. distillation, good for molecules that have significantly higher boiling temperature than water, boil 1 L of water, until there is 50 mL remaining, Repeat it 20 times, so again you have 1 L of water, but concentration of contamination is 20 times higher. If you will repeat it again, you have concentration of contamination 400 times higher than at the beginning.

Because it is just advertisement of book to buy.. To steal people money for nothing.

Speed of light is 299,792,458 m/s, or 300,000,000 m/s, if somebody have bad memory, and want to round it, but 300,000 m/s, is wrong value. You should use 300,000 km/s instead. You should get familiar with blueshift and redshift relativistic Doppler effects, when object emitting photons travels toward (or counter to) receiver, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect

What is worser is that when we have high kinetic energy particle that will hit Deuterium: [math]_1^2H + 2.22 MeV \rightarrow p^+ + n^0[/math] Free neutrons will be created.

In my C/C++ programs I use single letters for loop counters, like i,j,k,l,... For coords primary are x,y,z, then x0,y0,z0, then x1,y2,z2 etc. For other variables multi-letter name immediately identifying what variable contains. Couple examples from my currently opened project in Visual Studio: position, position0, position1, position2, normal, normal0, normal1, normal2, polygon_list, polygon, polygon_count, point_list, point_count, point, cursor_position, origin, font_scale, metrics, segment_length

12/2, 12/3, 12/4, etc. looks like date December 2,3,4,... So one whole sinusoid half is one whole day. And Y axis is quantity of people that used service. Right? I would simply took newspaper, or tv program, and check in it what exactly happened 6 December and started around 18. Could be football or other sport. FIFA eliminations, EURO eliminations, local country league matches, etc. French league had 3 matches 6 December. Premier League, Everton vs Crystal Palace, match started 21:00, 7 December. Primera Division, Barcelona vs Levante, started 20:30. (We could be in different time zone, so you need to adjust to local time zone) Get newspaper, tv program, and check when there will be matches the next time... Do you have access to per-country data? If yes, check which country customers disappeared in this event at 6 Dec. Do you have access to per-sex data? Most likely male users disappeared, if they were watching matches.

Hello. Meet my new the best friend, the most likely Eurasian pygmy shrew. I caught him/her today in the hypermarket (surprisingly without any problem).. Market bodyguards and employees wanted to kill him/her. But I disallowed and took him/her with me. According to wikipedia they eat as much as weight per day. And one day starving in the winter is deadly. Best Regards!

Do you have experience using f.e. 555 timer? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC Get it in shop, and make experimental circuit on breadboard with it with LEDs to see how it works. That will be good start. Your vibrations should be square wave or sinusoid wave?

Earth's core and mantle have plentiful of unstable radioactive isotopes that are decaying and releasing energy. Uranium-235, Uranium-238 are just examples. They produce short-living unstable isotopes that decay quickly to other also unstable isotopes, and so on, so on. Until reaching stable isotopes. Also Sun is sending to us 1367 Joules of energy per second per each meter square area pointing at the Sun. It's energy that we're using directly (photovoltaic cells) or indirectly (f.e. food).

You're making equal "size of comet" with "length of its tail"... Therefor you claim that it's size is such big in comparison to the Sun. Tail just appears when comet is very close to star. Because ice in it is melted and ejected making millions kilometer long tail. But it's made of basically nothing at all. Just tones of ice, water and dust. It reflects light from the Sun. That's why it is good visible. According to wiki, size (diameter) of comet is estimated to be 30-40 km. Calculate its volume. Then use 917 kg/m^3 for ice-only version, and 7800 kg/m^3 for iron-only version, and calculate its mass. The real value will be probably somewhere between these two, and more closer to 917 kg/m^3. Then use inverse-square law to calculate what would be force caused by such mass from distances mentioned in the articles that you provided..

Let me quote myself from other thread with similar subject: "Then you should have no problem of showing us how you are calculating f.e. decay energy of Tritium. Please show calcs."

For what reason you are connecting appearance of comet with earthquakes, eruptions of volcanoes, and decrease of temperature.. ? Earthquakes, eruptions of volcanoes, and decrease of temperature, can be connected to each other. Volcanoes are releasing gases and ashes to atmosphere that can indeed decrease temperature on entire Earth. As well as gases that can increase it (CO2, CH4). But these 3 things are not directly connected to comet. The closest distance between this comet and Earth could be 5.3 mln km (search its perihelion, without taking into account inclination). We have much closer (thus causing higher influence) much more massive object, our Moon. Comet's perihelion ~5.3 mln km / Moon's orbit radius ~400k km = ~13.275 times more distance. Inverse-square 1/r^2 gives ~0.00567 = ~0.567% influence if mass of both objects would be the same (but it's not).

Any particular type of data in pattern? Like for instance letters, characters.. ? Even printed fonts on screen.. ? These are easier to code. Once I wrote something like that. Built database of the all possible images (something like characters). Took screen-shot taking app. And in Photoshop glued them in one row with fixed width * columns x height. Then routine was checking pixel by pixel, with some level of threshold tolerance, each entry in database, with image taken from screen (it was captured in the real time). If you can, allow user learning machine how each entry (character) to database looks like. Allow him to pick up reference which will be analyzed and stored in database. Keeping raw image (RGB, pixel by pixel, width x height buffers) is one way of storing it. Not very efficient one (after all Full HD screen has 2 million pixels = 6/8 MB in 24/32 bit TrueColor). Programmer can use vector graphics for store and compare data. But it's much more work to do. Image has to be analyzed to find where are edges, and convert them to 2D vectors.. If images are colorful, people often use filters like emboss. Because it will detect where are edges. Are you writing code for automatic bypassing CAPTCHA .. ?

You should search for Positronium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

When we will look through Hubble at the furthest visible galaxies, we will see they are often "puffy spherical clouds". When two or more such objects will collide at the right angle, they are starting spinning around the common center of mass. Enter "formation of spiral galaxy" in YouTube, and there will be plentiful of computer simulations showing this process.

Chess computer algorithm for instance, in the normal computer programming, is trying every possible movement, and calculate score, how good is particular movement. And pick up the best scored movement to realize it on playfield. In the first move in game there is possible maximum 20 moves (and rapidly grows in later moves): movement of pawns 16 possible, plus 4 movements of 2 knights. Once algorithm test its virtual movement, it's also doing this for opponent side. And judge them with score also. It happens recursively. Couple depths for slow machines. The faster machine (or cluster) the more game versions can be simulated, and the better prediction of what will happen on playfield in the future.