Sensei

imatfaal, actually he wants to know x0,y and x1,y, coordinates of separating lines, between regions. To be able to draw there lines.

If I misunderstood OP intentions (I just drunk 2L of my wine 16%= 320 mL of ethanol), and he does not bother about security too much, he could try: - setting up custom FTP server, - setting up custom HTTP server, Apache for instance, better with HTTPS, - setting up Direct Connect server, - setting up SVN. It's especially designed to work with multi people team, to exchange data, and all have up to date files. With authorization per-person. With history what person changed in files. You can go back to older version of each file, from history. It's for programmers, but don't see a reason why not to use it by scientists. All these require that you have static *) public IP address, or if you're behind NAT, that router-modem has at least one port forwarded (in the case of FTP, might be needed more) *) there are special dynamic IP host renaming services as noip.com, I have been using it for many years when I had dynamic IP. It was updated every day, every local IP change. ps. SVN is especially tempting. Ask programmers in your team how it works locally. It can be used without Internet connection in intranet.

Sounds like you bother about security. Then the only way is heavily encrypted (plus better compressed with self-made compression algorithm) direct transmission between two parties. Somebody would have to capture entire transmission (so, would be advised to split it, to thousands alone meaningless packets), then bother to decrypt, and find out personal decompression algorithm, to read data. It would be better to have packet tracer implemented in sending algorithm, to check which IP are listening all your transmission. Or going personally with CD/DVD/pendrive every time you need to exchange valuable data (also encrypted, compressed with self-made compression algorithm). You can't send them by mail/courier and being absolutely sure that somebody unauthorized not read them. Not bad security level is given by Skype data transmission protocol, as long as, one of you at least, sender and client, have public static IP address. But still better try to send test (meaningless) data, each time, and see in personal firewall (with packet logger enabled) which IP were used by packet/transmission. To be sure it's direct transmission p2p. IP must match your client. If sender and client are private/dynamic IP, behind NAT etc, data transmission is not p2p, but through somebody else computer (who is either receiver from you and sender to your client), and they could intercept transmission. Yet another ridiculous your post. Why don't you simply send everything to CIA/NSA/everybody straight away... That's what you're suggesting..

Observation = measurement. Photon emitted by system, is absorbed by your eye, or by digital, or analog camera, and is gone from system under observation. You, or device, "eat" photons and change state. In the case of double-slit, it could be polarization filter. It's working this way that if we have unpolarized photons beam, and they are emitted toward polarization filter, 50% of them will pass through, 50% of them will be reflected. But if beam is already polarized, and right polarization filter angle is used, 100% of photons will pass through polarization filter, and 0% being reflected. Or after rotating polarization filter +-90 degrees, 0% of photons will pass through polarization filter, and 100% being reflected. So by putting polarization filter, you made measurement of particles-photons. You learned their polarization. But beams that are passed through, or reflected, are no longer unpolarized, nor they are linearly polarized. So you can put yet another polarization filter behind them, and see what happens. It's quite interesting. Do it below water with blue laser, to see beams. Act of observation (measurement) changed state in which are particles under observation.

Like I showed earlier, it's not needed at all to search for angle. sin(angle)=a/c sin(angle)*c=a But actually, you are interested to know a, not angle, not sinus of angle. and you can simply do Pythagoras formula to find a (b is from for-loop counter, c is radius of circle). 2*abs(a) = area of single row in pixels. Sum rows area together in loop, unit it exceeds threshold area of region, and you know when to draw separation line.

If you have center at cx,cy which typically is radius=diameter/2 cx=radius cy=radius point on circle will be given by x=cx+sin(angle*2*PI/360)*radius y=cy+cos(angle*2*PI/360)*radius with angle in degrees between 0...360 Please notice that you have right triangle (with lines a,b and the longest c) with coords: cx,cy cx+sin(angle)*radius,cy+cos(angle)*radius cx,cy+cos(angle)*radius a/c=sin(angle) b/c=cos(angle) c^2=a^2+b^2 Area of circle is PI*radius^2 So, area A in your image has PI*radius^2 * percentage of A/ 100 pixels area B, has PI*radius^2 * percentage of B/100 pixels You can make for-loop going from i=0 to diameter, convert it to b=i-cy, and convert it to angle (cos(angle)=b/c) calculating left circle pixel (cx-sin(angle)*radius), right circle pixel (cx+sin(angle)*radius), (c is known, and b is known, so you can use Pythagoras formula to learn a, instead) difference between them will be quantity of pixels (area of single row). And sum them together. After that variable exceeds area of A (given above formula), then you draw horizontal line. And subtract from variable area of A (or clear variable, but more precise will be subtract). And then you continue loop. That would be probably not bad algorithm, even though it's going row by row, pixel by pixel. It's called scanline algorithm. But you would like to fill areas with different colors, right? Then difference between drawing line inside of circle, is what color is used: if it's separation between one area A and B etc, choose black color, otherwise pick color from array of colors for regions (Index increased after drawing separation line between them)

Quantum physics is "not just math". Math is *result* of observation, by naked eye, which was *first* (recorded event 1894 year, XIX century *). If you want to see electrons traces, alpha traces, traces leaved by any charged particle, on your naked eyes, build Cloud Chamber particle detector, like I am repeating to every layman here.. http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/92998-universal-evolutionary-process/page-4#entry900023 http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/92471-the-limits-of-physics/#entry894800 Once you know how something behaves in medium such as air, leaving trace, you can fill it with f.e. liquid Hydrogen, and also record traces, of high energy particles, passing through it. You can suck gas out, and have vacuum, but method of detection of particles must be different. As they cannot leave visible trace (that could be photographed or filmed) in vacuum. We had dozen years ago detector, which had 500 or so x-ray cameras, each one was making photo using x-rays, with slightly different delay, with slightly different angle. X-rays were passing through chamber without interaction with particle, if didn't hit any. So each charged particle was leaving information where it used to be because of shadow on x-ray photography. If you have hermetic metal sphere, with internal surface covered by photo detectors, with vacuum inside, and you will emit there electron and positron pair, they will annihilate. Photo detectors typically will detect just two hits, made by gamma photons from annihilation, on the opposite sides of sphere, if annihilating electron-positron had no kinetic energy (same frame-of-reference as sphere is in). *) read history of Cloud Chamber.

In the case of electrons flowing through wire, you have difference in voltage (electric potential difference) between one region and other region of wire/electrode. Take breadboard, plug two-three resistors, their ends connect together, in series, connect battery to their ends. Start measuring voltages. Between end points, where battery is connected you have U. And between resistors, U1, U2 and U3. U1+U2+U3=U Sum of voltage drop on resistors, is equal to total voltage on battery electrodes. Voltage drop also tells you how much energy is lost/dissipated on the element. P1=I*U1 P2=I*U2 P3=I*U3 Power multiplied by time is energy E=P*t Current multiplied by time is charge Q=I*t so overall is E1=Q*U1 E2=Q*U2 E3=Q*U3 E=E1+E2+E3 Q divided by e = 1.602176565*10^-19 C, is quantity of electrons, flowing through our circuit. Electrons while passing through wire and resistors lose part of their kinetic energy, and decelerate. This additional energy appears as heat, and sometimes as photons when electron passed through metal placed in f.e. vacuum (or close to it low pressure inert gas), like it happens in light bulb. Thus electronics elements that have to dissipate a lot of energy have heat sink, pinwheel, refrigerator. If you rub material on medium such as metal, and get rid of electrons, and move them further, like it's done in electrostatic machines, these electrons can gather on electrodes. The further they're from opposite charge electrode, the more you can gather them, the higher voltage difference will be created. After gathering enough electrons (abundance of electrons, negatively charged), and making "holes" on opposite end (absence of electrons, positively charged). Positive electrode is starting "stealing" electrons from medium, between them. It's visible as coronal discharge, such little thunderbolt. It goes through (normally non-conductive) medium, atom by atom, and finally there is electric arc between them, and discharge of electrodes. Unless there is easier route, such as conductor, electric/electronic circuit etc. You mixed something. Neutral particle exchange charge? It exchange energy. Absorbed photon increase temperature, internal energy, in atoms that absorbed them. Charge of particles that emitted photon, and absorbed photon, remain the same.

While breathing you exchange CO2 and O2 with environment you are in. These molecules become part of you, and your molecules become part of air around you and fly away. Not to mention exchange of viruses and bacteria. Matter that is in all these molecules are somewhere in the same world/universe already in completely different place, in different time. Proton that yesterday was in the Sun, billions of them are accelerated to relativistic speeds, with lucky they end up as primary cosmic rays hitting atmosphere, today they can become part of atmosphere, tomorrow they can join with Oxygen, and form water molecule, and you can drink it. If you time-travel 3 days from now to the past, there would be two copies of each atom, each electron.. Proton (Hydrogen) in some water molecule in your body, could be couple days part of the Sun.

Where did you get these data? I would say rather that molar mass of Na2HPO4 . 2H2O is 177.99 g/mol (Na2HPO4 has 141.96 g/mol + 2 * 18.015 g/mol = ~177.99 g/mol) and Na2HPO4 . 12H2O is 358.14 g/mol (Na2HPO4 has 141.96 g/mol + 12 * 18.015 g/mol = ~358.14 g/mol)

Light from f.e. Sun, light bulb, stars, LED/LCD, etc. is tremendous quantity of photons. Electric neutral particles. That are absorbed and emitted by matter. If photon is absorbed, it's gone from system under observation. Absorbed photon increases mass-energy of system that absorbed it. Which often means increase of temperature of object. Object with higher temperature than environment is emitting black body spectrum at slightly higher shifted range. For human eyes visible spectrum range is between 400 nm to 700 nm. You can't see UV, x-ray, gamma photon, but can see effects of them on matter. Like photoelectric effect, fluorescence, ionization, photo-disintegration etc.

I found two photos taken 15 August 2015, 15 days after cutting one branch and putting to the soil, in separate container: 20 cm of branch is below the ground Chokeberry is very fast growing plant, a lot forgivable and easy to handle.

I was talking about from point of view of lemon seed. I agree that some Australian's seeds require simulation of smoke, which is natural in their environment, but we were talking about lemon seed environment.. That's Asia south-east region of the Earth. Pretty wet and hot region. Each specie needs special different treatment. Winter-simulation is keeping seed in cold, while smoke/fire-simulation require heat. You don't have to put literally seed to fire, just to heat it to enough temperature in device pretending natural environment. Fooling seed, that these things really happened. Fool their miniatures of receivers that analyze data from around the world.

Here are photos of my black currant the last year: Better is to drink them with alcohol/vodka/ethanol.. Aronia drink is very good. Like I said, they have experienced just artificial light source so far.. This does not mean anything to them until they appear above ground, their first sprouts.. The first one that appeared in December.. And none of them seen the Sun any time, the real Sun, just 100 W light bulb so far. From quantum physics, 100 W which is 7 cm for the closest lemon sprout is much more energy than the Sun which which is 150 mln km far away, giving 1367 W/m^2, any time. The one lemon 7 cm far from light bulb is growing the best so far (the fastest). Soil given to them have some fertilizers according to label. I don't think so it matters until the first sprout appears. There have to appear the first sprouts to find out that soil is wrong, or right. When they are in seed, they do not know, yet. You're going from one extremity to other extremity. You should decide which one route you prefer... While irrigation, I do it one per day. So the same with irrigation of sprouter device. It's transparent plastic, easy to find out when it's out of water.. I had some great experience with peat the last year while working with Aronia, and other fruit seedlings. With lemon, I could not try it. It's too early. Markets don't sell it, yet. Maybe in a month or two from now. This is absolutely the first photo of Aronia, taken the hour I bought them: Prior putting to the ground.

I would like to see their photos.. And their stories. Which were easy to grow (by them self), which were hard one to grow (and why)..

That's because I waited too long, getting them out from sprouter, to soil. Didn't have enough soil ATM. Their roots mixed up. Disallowing their safe separation, without damage... Anyway, it was my experiment how is red pepper behaving. The next day, it seems, plus week waiting, I can have (and you too) 100+ new plants for further experiments..

Do you meant taking farmers job? They should learn quantum physics instead.. Or programming, electronics, engineering and robotics. *) So instead of human harvesting plant fields, robot should/could be doing this job. Automatic drone with camera flying above field, and analyzing which field needs water, which needs fight with insects, which field needs some fertilizer. etc *) especially didn't mention genetics, because for current (greedy) corporations it means making GMO seeds that cannot have offspring... And farmer is **** up, to buy seeds forever, every year.. For thousands years they used previous year seeds, without any problems.. Without having to pay anybody anything (except kings, nobility, and similar thieves) . Why to make GMO seeds that can't have offspring the next year? Because if something goes wrong with genetic modification, it won't spread further in nature... And they have continuous flow of cash every year.. adhesion of client-farmers to their product. I will worry when they grow to such size. Chokeberry can have 4 meters. Before it reach such size, I could cut it any place I want and put in the ground. Actually I did it in the middle of previous summer. And new tree started growing. Even though books say it's good to do it in autumn-winter. I especially did it in summer (at 1 August, even recorded date) to check what will happens. I had 6+ branches of chokeberry, so risk was minimal. Now I can easily have 10 independent chokeberries around me. Actually I make great squash cake, in Autumn. It smells and tastes like gingerbread. John, you didn't read carefully. I said I have 5 lemon trees already. My aim is to have 20+ lemon trees. If each one will have 20 fruits, that's my full year usage (~365 fruits), which will mean self-reliance. And saving approximately $100 per year on buying them.. I am just unsatisfied by ratio between plants/seeds. Every day, ~10 new seeds. From different countries, from different continents. Thus different source of seed from which they grew. That's interesting. Did you try to eat this fruit.. ? How it tasted.. ? Tried to spread it from fruit seed again.. ? How many fruits it has in summer? ps. I prefer Aronia, than Chokeberry name.

Yes, I am aware. Some seeds even require passing through stomach of animals which eat them, through whole digestive tract and landing on the ground with poo, to be able to grow up. I was wondering about trying to utilize mild Hydrochloric acid (perhaps other acid could be used also?) to simulate stomach environment for a while. But either winter-simulation environment, or stomach-simulation environment, are unlikely to work with lemon seeds, which evolved in regions of the Earth that are often hotter in "winter" than here is in summer.. There is also too few lemon natural eating animals to create such path of distribution of seeds. ps. I just wanted to encourage people here to not through away red pepper seeds, after eating, just make your own plants..

Hello! For some time, when I am eating vegetable or fruit, instead of throwing seeds to trash, I am putting them to container with soil. And waiting to see what happens. I did it with f.e. - lemon. So far 5 new trees are growing. Pretty poor rate between plants/seeds. I am eating/drinking one per day with tea, so every week there is ~70 new seeds. Just 2 days ago, 2 of them appeared after nearly few months after placing them in soil (together with my chokeberry, so they were every day properly irrigated "accidentally") - grapes. 4 new plants grew from a few hundred seeds. - red sweet pepper. Nearly every seed grew to plant. This is photo taken from my red pepper field (this is from single vegetable for $0.30): They were growing in sprouter for couple weeks, then put to soil approximately 23-24 January 2016. Newly germinated: From yet another single piece of red sweet pepper, ate few weeks ago. Seeds put to sprouter. And once per day irrigated with water (boiled). Conclusions: - lemon does not like sprouter. The majority of seeds that I put to sprouter caught within couple days mold. Even though sprouter was decontaminated by boiling water. And only boiled water, after decrease temperature, was used to irrigate. At the same time, in sprouter near it, red pepper seeds didn't catch any single mold. - Red pepper seeds have great rate plants/seeds. Chokeberry, one of my the greatest plants, that I worked with. Nothing can stop it from growing. Does not bother about anything. My chokeberries didn't even lost all leafs during winter in the apartment. Instead they grew with artificial light from 100 Watt classic light bulb. Since early December total length of new sprouts with leafs is approximately 100 cm. Best Regards!

Now, you're talking about "placement" of electrons inside of single atom/molecule.. While EdEarl started with particles of f.e. gas at different altitudes. While making experiment in quantum physics typically there are used f.e. highly accelerated electrons to ionize medium, which can be gas such as Hydrogen. When electrons/atoms come back to their ground state, they emit photons, that are split on prism, and analyzed as spectral lines. Other example: vacuum tube, with two electrodes, and some metal between them, electrons are emitted, and accelerated in electric field between electrodes, hit metal (or other solid) piece between them, and there are produced x-rays. With peaks were are ionization energies of electrons of this metal. But all this does not include gravity into account! In classic physics object that is at higher altitude than other object, has slightly different, higher energy. In other words: particle at 1 nm above other particle has slightly higher energy. With plentiful of such particles it gives rise to E=mgh Substitute m by mass of proton mp, or mass of electron me, and h by some 1 nm, 1 pm, or 1 fm... And they are not equal, when we take gravity into account. This difference in energy is so meaningless small that it's way below precision of QM measurements (which are done in high ionization energies, in plasma state). "Electrons have no internal structure according to currently known main stream physics", is not the same as "Electrons have no internal structure" (in absolute knowledge). At the time Schrodinger was working on his equation, there were known only electron, photon and proton. So I assume, early XX century physicians took as granted that proton is elementary particle, without internal structure, as well. One could ask what is difference in electrons, one with 1 eV kinetic energy, other one with 1 keV kinetic energy, and another one with 1 MeV kinetic energy... The first one after hitting material could not ionize anything, as it's too low energy, no trace in Cloud Chamber, The second one after hitting material could ionize plentiful of particles, tiny (probably barely visible) trace in Cloud Chamber, The third one will have the greatest impact from all three.. Large eye visible trace in Cloud Chamber.

Better keyword is "liquid sodium".. (more traffic 110m vs 1m for "aqua regia")

AFAIK current value is 6.62607004*10^-34 J*s It's normal practice. Wikipedia is your friend: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_uncertainty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision Even if you measure mass on weight, it has mentioned +- some tolerance in reading. f.e. my weight has +-0.01 g. Typical chemistry lab graduated cylinder has +-1 mL tolerance. While calculating density of liquid (m/V), you would have to take both +- tolerance of mass and volume into account, and calculate how precisely you can have density calculated..

To create free neutron, there is used Deuterium typically. As it's isotope that has the smallest energy needed to separate neutron from nucleus. [math]D^+ + 2.22 MeV \rightarrow p^+ + n^0[/math] You also need source of 2.22 MeV energy. You spend 2.22 MeV to get average 0.21 MeV energy back. Make no economical sense. Good only for scientific work, and testing theory. But if you fuse Deuterium with proton, right: [math]D^+ + p^+ \rightarrow _2^3He + \gamma + 5.49 MeV[/math] 5.49 MeV / 0.21 MeV = 26 times more energy.. Other fusions, D+D, D+T, He-3 + He-3, release even 2-3 times more energy than D-p, and >60 times more than p-p reaction.

You're calculating it incorrectly. What user is interested in is how much energy fuel will release while burning. 1 L of gaseous propane with density around 2 g/L, has very little energy, in comparison to 1 L of liquid gasoline. As it's 0.0446 mol/L (*44.1 g/mol= 1.96686 g/L) at 0 C,101325 Pa (or so). According to energy density table: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density LPG propane has 49.6 MJ/kg = 49.6 kJ/g so 2 grams (let's ignore liquid/gas state) = ~100,000 J Gasoline 1 L has energy density 34.2 MJ/L = 34200000 J/L That's 342 times more energy in same volume. 1 L of C8H18 with density ~700 g/L has mass 700 g (some materials say 719 g/L), divide by 114.232 g/mol = 6.13 mol/L. At the same time gaseous propane has 0.0446 mol/L. That's 137 times more molecules. You cannot compare price of 1 L gaseous propane, with price of 1 L of liquid gasoline. You should calculate price of fuel based on energy they release while burning. Compare engine that has f.e. 1000 W using one fuel, with engine that has 1000 W, using other fuel (with different energy density).

At relativistic speed even impact with photons is going to be problematic, because their energies/frequencies will be blue-shifted. Normal photon in visible spectrum, not harmful, after blueshift could be ionizing spacecraft material.