The most of modern C/C++ IDE's have syntax checking, wrong entered stuff is highlighted..
Visual Express/Studio is searching for names of variables, members, classes while entering couple letters, suggesting what you might want, and then you can pick it up from drop-down list.
Use f.e. ConTEXT editor for programmers. It can analyze different types of languages, PHP, C/C++, JavaScript etc.
http://www.contexteditor.org/
In interpreted languages the all variables are strings. So language doesn't need to know type, when there is just one type variable you can have.
In C/C++ you need to tell language what will be type of variable, otherwise it doesn't know type.
In C/C++ string doesn't even exist as language standard (std::string is just yet another optional to use class included in external linked library). There is array of characters (char name), which is equal to array of bytes. You can't use it as "default type", without telling how large is array, and we are back to root..
At modern times in serious programming everybody are using Unicode, which has wider character standard.