Applied Chemistry

people, trying to find viscosity of different liquids, and have not been able to find any practical methods- easy to devise. On this, I have hardly any equipment (centepois meters???) I heard you need graduated cylinders, glass marbles, stopwatch, thermometer, etc, but no real step wise methods. I take it water is perhaps, a standar 1.00 or something of that nature? (like pure H2o is almost 1.0 density @25 deg C) Any help appreciated.

Any videos, articles, ideas, on solar cells or solar panels post here. 1) Any DIY guides, articles, videos, etc. for building of Solar cells?.... 2) Any DIY guides, articles, videos, etc. for building of Solar panels?.... 3) Any guides, articles, videos, etc...on more efficient solar cells/panels?....http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2012/06/breakthroughs-the-revolution-in-3-d-solar-cells/ 4) Any new chemistry/non-chemistry related ideas for the materials used in solar cells?....http://dvice.com/archives/2012/06/navy-designs-sp.php 5) Anything else to do with getting energy from Sol. Thanks!

i have to silver plate some copper pendants. i was wondering does anyone have any experience with the equipment some companies are selling? or a way of building the electroplating cicuit myself?

Hello, I'm calculate contaminant emissions from glue "Racoll ECO3" and "Lackeim 8551". Tell me, where I may find density of glues?

Well I have always had a fasination chemistry and how it works and believe me I have many many questions that i will be asking. To start with I have been reading through this awsome forum and decided to ask. What is the best reaction/s to do at home? I have limited equiptment so please ber this in mind. Basically I am starting home experiments and would like some fun simple ones to do at home. Thanks in advance.

So, I recently interviewed at a food & water microbiology lab, and the interviewer said several things to which I could not get an answer from him. I have a few years of biochem experience, but not micro. b]GLP[/b]. He said he ran his lab under GLP, yet he never deals with the FDA. Wouldn't he? FDA. The lab tests food for producers, restaurants etc by testing products, stability samples etc, and yet he claims he never deals with the FDA. Wouldn't he? AA. He never explained what his AA spec tests for. I'm guessing it's for heavy metals in water, right? PCR. He insinuated that PCR was used to grow bacteria, yet when I mentioned PCR for DNA amplification,…

If anyone here has a good resource for small-scale production of alkylbenzenesulfonates, I'd be delighted and grateful. Regards

Hi. By applying 0.1 Volt to electrodes in a solution of multiple compounds, as a murky river; would only one or a few elements be collected ? If the voltage is increased to 0.2 V, would additional others join and get deposited ? Stepping up the voltage, would more and more elements attach to the electrodes ? Is that the way it works ? The metals or compounds being in minute nanoparticle concentrations, diluted or in suspension as in a river. Making the river to flow trough an electrolytic pipe internals, would such metals stick to electrodes placed inside the pipe ? Is that the way the electrochemical series would work in electrolysis, cumulatively selecting…

I read a research paper where using pulses of alternating polarity for water electrolysis, one can produce both Hydrogen and Oxygen at the same electrode. Also the research paper concluded that using pulses of single polarity produced just one type of gas. What the research paper didn't provide is the source of power used. I want to replicate this experiment and hence did some research online and concluded that I needed a pulse generator to accomplish this. Since I am not an Electronics major I wanted to confirm that this is the equipment I need for my experiment. I appreciate it if anyone could provide some valuable information/suggestions on this. Thanks!

What steps would you take to ensure a bromination occurs slowly and doesn't proceed as a radical reaction. I have tried performing the reaction at 0 degrees celcius and adding the bromine (mixed in with a solvent) slowly drop by drop. But I think its still not working right. My instructor suggested I maybe cover the reaction vessel with tin foil to keep the UV light light out. I have a few days before I can get back to the lab so I wanted to see what anyone else thinks.

I have a solid that I am to purify by recrystallization using pentane/ether. Does this mean to perform a two solvent recrystalliztion; Heat a solution of pentane with the solid until it dissolves, then add a bit of ether until the solution becomes cloudy, then add some more pentane until the solution goes clear then cool the solution? Or would you use a mixture of both solvents and recrystallize that way? Also, since pentane boils at a very low temperature, do you just heat it a very small amount so it dosn't boil?

Hello to all users! I am just curious to know what your opinions are on algal fuels for the future?

Hi Everybody, i´m new in the forum and i hope you could help me! i´m trying to produce DOPE/CHEMS Liposomes but i still have problems with CHEMS solubilization. The procedure, described in tons of papers consists in i) evaporation of the dope and chems chloroform/methanol solutions 2) rehydratation of the lipid film with aqueous buffer, usually at pH 8 -i use Hepes buffer and 3) extrusion of the mixture through polycarbonate filters. my problem is that, even though this procedure seems quite reproducible in a lot of papers, in my case the CHEMS is not solubilizing perfectly in the hepes buffer used in the rehydration step!! do you have any idea about that?? …

Can anyone tell me what will happen if I try to smelt aluminium and tin plate at the same time? Whilst I know that aluminium has a higher melting point.I would like to recycle my cans into ingots.

Hi there, I will be using the atomic absorption spectroscopy next sem, so I'll need to do some research first. But, gee, all my library book about spectroscopy were all back from 1970's. It's too dusty, like opening an ancient book. So, before i'll go buy a new book at a bookshop, i'll guess i ask here first.

A mix of nitric and hydrochloric acids, known as "aqua regia", is well known for being able to dissolve gold. There is, however, a different acid combination that can be used to dissolve gold, and the interesting thing about this reaction is that the gold will reappear after the dissolved solution of gold is diluted in water! This reaction, however, involves much more concentrated acids, and the procedure is much more dangerous. So I do not suggest you try this reaction unless you have a good chemistry background and know about the proper safety precautions. This post is more for information purposes. Dissolving Gold with Concentrated Nitric and Sulfuric Acids A h…

Hello fellow nerds and nerdettes, I have recently decided to take on a the task of surfactant synthesizing at home that is safe and helps to give a very good understating of emulsion. However, there are not many sources that I am able to find dealing with synthesis. I know that I could theoretically design it by showing mechanisms, but I would like to have a vast array of scientific community input and experience so as to design a synthesis that would would be the safest, and most logical means possible. To do this, I need the help of all your brilliant minds. So far, I have looked at saponification using sodium hydroxide (lye/caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide. I…

How many pounds of Sodium Hydroxide does it take to make 10 gallons of 50% Sodium Hydroxide solution?

Well I have always had a fasination chemistry and how it works and believe me I have many many questions that i will be asking. I am studying physics, chemistry and maths in A-level and will be going to study chemical engineering hopefully. To start with I have been reading through this awsome forum and decided to ask. What is the best reaction/s to do at home? I have limited equiptment so please ber this in mind. Basically I am starting home experiments and would like some fun simple ones to do at home. Thanks in advance. PS. If water boils at 100degrees (dont know the degrees button) how come that when you are in the bath for example, there is steam? Clearly th…

Okay, so I have set up a small lab in my backyard with the express intent of making nitrocellulose for use in model rockets. I already know the basic principle of how to make it, but I don't have as much ready access to Sulfuric as I would like. So, I'm wondering for safeties (and my wallets) sake if there is a way to stop run-away nitrification caused by only using Nitric Acid, such as simply neutralizing the guncotton. Should be that possible (and I'm fairly sure it is) what should I use? I know Lye is a popular choice, but I'm wondering if i could use something like bleach or perhaps even baking soda for the same purpose. For the record, I'm planning to make VERY small…

Does fibre glass have a crystal structure or is it amorphous? (Does it matter what type of polymer is being used for the structure? I am using epoxy) Do shape memory polymers have a atomic structure and a crystal structure?

I wish to know any and all processes for separating oxygen and hydrogen from each other. JUST TO BE CLEAR I AM NOT USING STANDARD ELECTROLYSIS AND WATER TO PRODUCE THE GASES AND SO ELECTROLYSIS IS NOT A VIABLE METHOD AS IT TAKES MORE ENERGY THAT I AM NOT WANTING TO WASTE!! I just need to know how to separate them when they are in gas form in order to store them more safely. I understand how dangerous it is, but for me it is worth it. I am thinking of making oxides, but I am unsure if this will work or if there is an easy way to release the oxygen after being separated from the hydrogen. I want both gases. I was thinking maybe using mercury to make an oxide and…

How can I know what kind of gas I have in a closed jar? Is there any experiments I can do to know what kind of gas I have? thanks.

Could some one tell me if this reaction would work or any potential hazards. MgSO4 + NaCl --------- MgCl +NaSO4

Hi all, I was wondering if any one could explain to me in some detail how a catalyst weakens the bonds of a molecule by forming a reactive intermediate? I understand the basics of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts (I'm currently taking AP Chemistry at my high school at the moment so my understanding might be a bit more basic) but I can't stop wondering about why bonds are weakened when the intermediate is formed. Bond polarities possibly? In any event, all help towards answering this question is greatly appreciated.