Genetics

1- When we call Human Genome, do we mean only the portion of DNA that codes for Protein (which estimates 20,000 to 26000), or we mean all the DNA (coding & non coding) 2- Do All Genes code for protein? (if Not, why call it a gene?) 3- What is gene actually? anything that codes for protein or liable for a human Trait, or gene has other functions?

I am very small. Like really. I am even smaller than what is is considered "small" I have never met any girl smaller than me. I am 1,55 and weight 42 kg. My fraternal twin sister is so different from me. I look adopted,I dont look like anyone in my family and it makes me depressed because I dont like how I look. One of my major complex is my head/face. I am overall small,but my face/head is incredibly small compares to anyone else. I don't have microcephaly. I measured my head and it is 21 inches,it is considered petite but I've seen different videos in youtube of girl whose head is 21 inches or even 20.5 but they look average in size,their faces and head look normal. I d…

I am new to the world of genetics & DNA. Having no formal education or prior experience. Please pardon my ignorance in advance. The admixture analyses of my autosomal DNA test results, performed by GEDmatch, suggests the following: E_Eurasian: 2.83% Sub-Saharan African: 1.96% W_Eurasian: 95.21% My first question...would/could this 1.96% SSA be considered as “noise”? On my chromosome painting, there is a SIGNIFICANT showing of Sub-Saharan on Chr 8. My second question...would/could/does this indicate an African ancestor hiding somewhere in my family tree? With familial roots in the deep “South”, United States, for the last 200/3…

It’s safe to say that most people – not just the (wo)man in the street but also biologists – work on the assumption that genetics explains what we are, or at least our bodies. There is, of course, a nature-nurture debate concerning many of our mental functions. Clearly, genetics doesn’t explain which language we speak. And there’s a thing called epigenetics: the influence of our environment on how we develop. If you eat too much you get fat, work out in the gym and your muscles grow. But the fact that we’ve got two arms and two legs, a heart that beats, eyes that see – that’s all genetics, right? Wrong. To explain why, we’re going to have to go pretty deep, but I’ll do my…

What enables them. That is to say as with the mouse experiments how does a learned fear of cherry blossoms get from the mind of a Male mouse to its sperm and offspring? Noting that the mutated Gene's are not random mutations.... https://www.nature.com/news/fearful-memories-haunt-mouse-descendants-1.14272

I have a rare medical condition that can affect 1 in 5000 to 1 in 40,000 depending on the subtype. I have been clinically diagnosed but awaiting genetic testing. There are 12 subtypes & some are autosomal recessive or dominant. I believe due to the inheritance pattern the condition I have is autosomal dominant. I believe this because my son, me, my father & his mother all have the condition. For it to fall into the autosomal recessive category it would be highly unlikely to be passed through 4 generations given that both parents would need the mutated gene. From what I have researched it appears to be autosomal dominant given that only one parent needs to have the…

So if a girl has the triple x syndrome, Does the extra chromosome actually carry any important DNA? Why can't we just surgically remove it? I know that it won't be possible to remove ALL of the extra x chromosomes but lets say that would be possible.

I’m a 19 year old boy. I have green eyes and dark blonde/light brown hair and I’m 5’6. My mom also has dark blonde/light brownish hair and green eyes and she’s 5’4. My dad is 6’4 and he has brown eyes and brown hair. I just want the truth since my mom is denying it and this is the only place I can think of that will help me find out if my dad is my real, biological dad.

So lets say i'm holding a blade of grass which weights 1 gram, can I calculate how many base pares does it have? I know that mammals should have more that plants or prokaryotic organisms. So what i'm asking is basically is there an exact way to calculate the amount of base pares per gram or is it unique for every organism.

I'm working with raw SNP data from Embark (think 23&Me for dogs). I looked up a genetic mutation in a university study, and some (not all) of the SNPs in the report are inverse (A<-->T and C<-->G) to the raw data from Embark. Is there a standard for this? If the study found T at a specific SNP, how do I know whether an A detected by Embark is a different variant, or simply the same base pair viewed from the other strand? I would think they could write a probe to get the same SNP from whichever strand they want, but then they would have to know which value correlates to each variant for their particular probe, wouldn't they? Would it be common for unre…

Hello guys, lets say that I store hair in a paper envelope at room temperature. What would the definition of room temperature be? Also, which other considerations should I take? Should the hair sample for example be stored in a dark and dry place. I hope that you guys had a great weekend.:)

My son is being tested to see if he has this or another form of Muscular Dystrophy. I have read that it is an x-linked genetic disease, which is usually inherited from the mother but that spontaneous mutations can also happen, plus there is "germline mosaicism". I am familiar with a case of Apert Syndrome which is often caused by a spontaneous mutation in a certain chromosome (10 I think) and often due to the father. I wonder if anyone could tell me if given that Duchenne concerns the dystrophin gene, which is on the x chromosome, whether the father's genetic input could be somehow involved in Duchenne developing (if it were a spontaneous mutation). I have seen references…

Hi! I have two questions about basic principles of genetics: So, first, in cases where a trait is influenced by multiple different genes, is it possible for the trait to be expressed when the person only has some of these gene variants? Second, if a trait is caused both by genetics and environmental factors, is it possible for someone who doesn't have the gene variant in question to express the trait just from the environmental factors? Thank you so much! ~Sera

Why is high heterozygosity desirable for SNPs for individual identification? If heterozygosity is low for a given SNP loci, wouldn't it increase the discrimination power since less people would have heterozygous alleles for that loci?

I am interested in decoding DNA so I'm looking for information about the sequence length of DNA. Or more particular the actual sequenced DNA of hundreds of simple organisms plus their characteristics. Since the world biogenome project started there should be many publications of such information but I couldn't find any. Does anyone know were to get this kind of data? Thanks in advance

I am just interested in biology and genes how it works and the possibilities which genes my child would get. According to the punnet Ssquare, if the father has blue eyes (bb) and the mother has brown eyes, but is a carrier of blue (Bb) the child could get blue eyes. But how is it with if the father has bb and the mother have BB (brown eyes, and no blue allele)? ...according to the punnet square the child will have brown eyes, but I have seen children with blue eyes and blond hair despite the fact that the mother is not a carrier....just look at Shakira and her son, this is the same constellation..so the question is it is possible that the baby get blue eyes wh…

I was searching about induced pluripotent stem cells. I read this article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112416/ And it says: "While mouse cells are typically grown in a state of naïve pluripotency, equivalent to the naïve epiblast of the preimplantation blastocyst, human cells are cultured in primed pluripotency conditions. These are more similar to the postimplantation epiblast where cells become primed for differentiation." So, hPSCs are obtained from postimplantation epiblast cells? Why don't they obtain it from preimplantation? Because preimplantation embryonic stem cells are naive pluripotent stem cells and they can differentiate into all o…

Question: Person A and Person B has different DNA. If you are to match person A's neurons and synapses with person B's neurons in structure and synaptic delays is it possible?

Ever since I was little, I always noticed that half of my belly was darker and there is a notorious "line" that differentiates the two tones. My little brother has it too and I would like to know what it is. Thanks in advance.

how many species of the chagas vector are there?

My baby has a single white steak of hair (since birth) but neither of us as parents have had this. Can these things develop out of nowhere and not passed down? Could it be from our extended family and past generations of family? Or is it just a lack of pigmentation that has happened for a number of reasons?

Hi, Im a medical student and was studying pathology when I came across the genetic mutations associated with pituitary adenomas. Amongst the mutations was a gain-of-function mutation of the Protein Kinase A, regulatory subunit 1 (PRKAR1A) gene. I am confused as to how a gain-of-function mutation of the PRKAR1A gene leads to unregulated cAMP activity as PRKAR1A encodes a negative regulator of Protein Kinase A. So, shouldn't a gain-of-function mutation lead to supressed activity of Protein Kinase A?

How the mother's body knows it is necessary to reject a young fetus because it has a genetical malformation?

Hello. I'm studying genetic linkage and the recombination frequency calculation (that is assumed to be directly proportional to allele distance) considers that only one cross over will take place. I know this is an estimation, but I want to know what the biological mechanism is that justify the probability that EXACTLY ONE crossover will take place.In other words, what is the probability of no cross overs taking place, or a double cross over, or a triple cross over, and why are these probabilities lower than for a single crossover? And also, it is considered that all regions in the chromosome have the same chance to suffer a cross over, is this correct? If not, what are t…

We've all seen x-man right? What's the chance of that happening Charon?