Genetics

Hello, I had a quick question about how the genetics of race mixing works. So lets say a 50% Asian 50% white female had a child with a 100% white male. would that mean the child would come out, boy or girl, as 75% white, 25% Asian? or would it depend on the gender the child is?

Hey! I have just been reading some research papers and not sure if this is a defined trend yet, but I've noticed some crop types (e.g. vegetativley propagated) have a higher proportion of deleterious mutations compared to their wild progenitors than other crop types (sexually produced cereals) depending on method of propagation. I was wondering why this may be? Or is this just a fluke? Examples: Clonally reproduced: Grapes have 5.2% more deleterious mutations than its wild ancestor (Zhou et al., 2017 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(44), 11715-11720) Clonally reproduced: Cassava has 26% more deleterious alleles than its wild anc…

1. Let us look at two cell samples from the same person, one cell from 30 years old, the other one from 50 years old. 2. Alright, so we figured out that the cause of aging is from the upshift or downshift of gene expression, because we agree there is no changes to the cell's DNA. 3. The first cause of the shifting of the gene expression could be internal, or from within the cell, we figure out what it is, and we reverse it. 4. The second cause of the shifting of the gene expression could be external, or from the hormones or cell signaling molecules, we figure out what it is, and we reverse it.

Hi, can you help me solve this monohybrid cross? (Most especially on letter B). Thank you. 1. In humans, achondroplasia “dwarfism” is dominant over normal. A homozygous dominant person dies before the age of one. A heterozygous person is dwarfed. A homozygous recessive individual is normal. A heterozygous dwarf man marries a dwarf heterozygous woman. a. What is the probability (in percent) of a having a normal child? b. What is the probability (in percent) that the next child will also be normal? c. What is the probability (in percent) of having a child that is a dwarf? d. What is the probability (in percent) of having a child that dies at one f…

At the risk of sounding simplistic, I wonder how old one could say each sense is evolutionarilty speaking. I've read that the first sign of what could be called an eye appeared 550 million years ago but what could be said for the other 5 senses? I've read that hearing is in many ways an extension of the sense of touch, could this be the case for other senses (be extensions of others)? How old could we say the sense of touch is? Assuming it to be a more basic sense, how basic could a lifeform be while still experiencing what we call touch? Any insight would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

Hi all A classical genetics situation: a heterozygous recessive allele A doesnt't have a phenotype and a heterozygous recessive allele B has only a very weak phenotype. A transhet combination A/B has a very strong phenotype (A het phenotype +B het phenotype< < A/B transhet phenotype <=> non-additive change in the phenotype). I can assume that there is a dominant enhancement of gene A by gene B. But is there a more formal way to estimate the degree of this dominant interaction, e.g. statistical test under assumption of a certain model? I know that for testing synergistic interaction between drugs people use Bliss independence model and do a corr…

Hi all I'm new to the forum so please be kind! I asked a question yesterday relating to epigenetics and if our offspring would be likely to follow our path of undertaking a similar occupation to ourselves. I have had a few replies which was great so thank you to those who answered me! I wanted to know if you would mind helping me come to terms with another train of thought that I have been experiencing. It revolves around epigenetics (in terms of what we do now and it's implications on future offspring) but it also draws on the premise underpinning Derek Parfits disappearing beneficiaries argument of how by changing something today leads to differe…

I have many thousands of hours studying and researching emotions and their development. A critical role in emotional development is the process of bonding which is outlined in Attachment Theory. The principles I talk about are empirically proven, and yet I find myself increasingly needing to explain them in terms of genetics to people who ask me to outline the principal of the process. My understanding of genetics is not professional, and I am insecure of the terms I find myself using and feel duty bound to use correct terms to form the most accurate description I can. I ask people who have a grounding in genetics to criticise the following paragraphs (which are my resp…

Hi, Imagine that an animal specie saw it kill its enemy after it took a stone from the ground and threw it. And other animals saw that remarkable event. They did start to use same tool after that from generations to generations for centuries. my question is can a behavior be stored in genes? Can a behavior be inherited genetically? I know that when a living creature saw a danger it runs. When we see a danger our body immediatly prepare for that (eyes, muscles, adrenaline etc) how is a behaviour like a "throwing a stone" stored as genetically? what is necessary? thank you.

I think my class's TA may have made a mistake while writing the solutions to these problems, but is there something I'm missing? I'd appreciate clarification on confirmation on either question. 1. Albinism is a total lack of skin pigment caused by a recessive gene. What is the probability of a couple having an albino child if both are normally pigmented as are their parents, but both have albino siblings. Solution: Because they both have albino siblings, their parents were carriers, therefore the probability of both of them being carriers is (2/3)^2, and the probability for their child to be affected is (2/3)^2 × 1/4 = 1/9. My comment: The solution seems fi…

So I was reading this recent thread about people having multiple X chromosomes and both Klinefelter syndrome and the triple X syndrome were mentioned. While it would be apparently more obvious why XXY people might have problems (feminisation of males bearing a Y chromosome), I can't reach to understand why does having more than two X chromosomes lead to abnormalities in females. My knowledge about the subject is pretty basic, so even though I can understand why the existence of a single one chromosome could trigger the apparition of otherwise recessive traits (such as hemophilia and daltonism) I can't figure out why in the reverse case things go wrong as well. Could …

I need to design primers to detect the changes of gene expression from soybean tissues in a qRT-PCR assay. However, the genes I want to detect are predicted genes in NCBI and there are more than one transcript variants for one gene, with starting by XM, rather than NM. So, I want to know how can I design the primers based on many transcript variants? By using the homologous sequence? Or it is scarcely possible to design primers according to the PREDICTED genes with many transcript variants. Thanks for your attention.

Hi all I'm new to the forum so please be kind! I have a question (well a few really but I'll start with this one) which I was hoping you fine people might shed some light on. I have been reading about epigenetics which from what I understand relates to how our genes have an impact on our future generations. My question is this, if what we do in life affects our genes (which is what I understand epigenetics is about) then does this mean that if we undertake a specific occupation in life (such as working in healthcare) would it alter our genes so that our future offspring (and thier offspring and so on) may also be more inclin…

If I have a wheat plant expressing a transgene but I'm unsure of the copy number of that transgene (e.g. using particle bombardment you often get the plasmid DNA inserted into the genome more than once), could I use segregation analysis to determine how many times the transgene has gone into the plant? I.e. if I had the foreign gene inserted just once would I get 15: 1 ratio in F2? How would this change if I had more than one foreign gene? Would this method even work? Any other method to determine how many times my transgene had gone into wheat? Thanks for any help

Hello I am approaching with genetic analysis and FStat and I have a lot of doubts. If I have a sample composed by a single population (so i don'thave a subdivision in subpopulations) why cannot I calculate deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with FStat? And when I have more than one population which parameters should I choose from the FStat window? And how could I read the output file? I am really confused and I appreciate any suggestion! Thanks

Is it true that the DNA sequnce is completely useless on its own? In order to provide information it must be compared with other DNA ?

please I want to ask in the exAC browser data the meaning of allele count, allel number, number of homozygotes and allele frequency thankx alot

Suppose my DNA was changed recently. (Through whatever means). Would there be a way to obtain my original genes?

Hi. I'm new here and this is my first post. I'm hoping someone may be able to point me in the right direction. I'm looking for the length/size (in Mb) of an entire genome. The species is Tenodera sinensis. Is there a database somewhere with basic nuclear DNA information, like the number of bp's? Thank you!

Hi, I'm new here and this is my first post. I hope I'm posting in the right thread! I just read in my biology textbook that spindle "microtubules grow out of the centrosomes" in the G2 phase, but I was wondering, what is the role of the centrioles in the centrosomes here? When they say that the tubules grow out of the "centrosomes", do they mean that the centrioles elongate to become the spindle microtubules? If not, then where do the microtubules come from? Thanks in advance.

I'd like to ask about a phenotype topic that I've been pondering for a while. Individuals of each species all have unique facial structure/trait variations (shape of nose, position of chin, distance between eyes etc) from humans to birds and fish etc. We humans don't seem to be reaching mathematical limit of uniqueness easily (maybe till the end of the world) considering huge variation and all possible combinations that define our facial structure/traits. However some animal populations are way more larger than humans and each year they reproduce in large amounts. Considering their huge populations, is it possible for some species to reach their mathematical l…

Hi guys, Im not a microbiologist but a friend is and I was accidentally exposed to having colcemid enter my eyes while helping them in a lab. I read about itba little bit and about DNA fragmentation during cell replication it causes.. just wanted to ask if anyone would know whether this will have any health effects on me or my vision. Doctor prescribed some eye drops but eyes been hurting for a few days now and I'm getting kinda worried so am on a hunt for answers. MsDS only covers the toxicology part of the substance and not its microbiological side effects. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

I know that the Red blood cells don't have a nucleous... I have read that the Lens cells have only crystallins proteins and NOT a nucleous...(so, that we can see the Light through them...) I think that there is a time in the cells Life where the DNA is in form of Chromosomes (sperms - eggs) and when I am not wrong they don't make at that time proteins...

Just wondering today. As we evolved into higher beings..from archea, to fungi, to homosapiens, our genome grew due to new requirements and survival. Is our genome at this time expanding at all. I would think it has to, as there's a flux in certain genes favored by natural selection. Some simply die off (tail) some increase (brain size?). Is there any reason as to why it would shrink? ~ee

hello friends , what 's your opinions about Homo Neanderthalensis in 28000 years ago ?