beecee

in the this link...https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/was-einstein-the-first-to-invent-e-mc2/ it says...."Thomson’s slightly complicated result depended on the object’s charge, radius and magnetic permeability, but in 1889 English physicist Oliver Heaviside simplified his work to show that the effective mass should be m = (4⁄3) E / c2, where E is the energy of the sphere’s electric field. German physicists Wilhelm Wien, famous for his investigations into blackbody radiation, and Max Abraham got the same result, which became known as the “electromagnetic mass” of the classical electron (which was nothing more than a tiny, charged sphere). Although electromagnetic mass required that the object be charged and moving, and so clearly does not apply to all matter, it was nonetheless the first serious attempt to connect mass with energy"... then on to say.... "Hasenöhrl, though, next asked what the system looks like as it moves at a fixed velocity with respect to an observer sitting in a laboratory. Basic physics tells us that light emitted from a source moving toward you becomes bluer, and gets redder from a source moving away from you—the famous Doppler shift. Photons from one end disk will therefore appear Doppler blue-shifted to the laboratory observer and those from the other end will be red-shifted. Blue photons carry more momentum than red photons and hence, in order to keep the cavity moving at constant velocity the two external forces must now be different. A simple application of the “work–energy theorem,” which equates the difference in work produced by the forces to the cavity’s kinetic energy, allowed Hasenöhrl to conclude that blackbody radiation has mass m = (8⁄3) E / c2. In his second paper Hasenöhrl considered a slowly accelerating cavity already filled with radiation and got the same answer. After a communication from Abraham, however, he uncovered an algebraic error and in his third paper corrected both results to m = (4⁄3) E / c2." But we are now way beyond my pay grade!!!! help!!! Can't be too much of any disagreement though, considering the article concludes thus... "And so, although Einstein achieved a definite conceptual advance in equating the mass of an object with its total energy content—whether or not it is moving, whether or not it has an electromagnetic field—we can also credit Hasenöhrl for unambiguously recognizing that heat itself possess an equivalent mass, and physicists before him for providing a chain of shoulders on which to stand. E = mc2 is the short punch line to a long and winding scientific story."

Well said!

I'm pretty sure Albert knew he was standing on the shoulders of giants of the past and of his own time, he was generally seen as a humble man. the article here concludes thus.....https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/was-einstein-the-first-to-invent-e-mc2/ "One naturally wonders whether Einstein knew of Hasenöhrl’s work. It is difficult to believe that he did not, given that the bulk of the prize-winning trilogy appeared in the most prominent journal of the day. Certainly at some point he learned of Hasenöhrl: a famous photo of the first Solvay Conference in 1911 shows both men gathered around the table with the other illustrious attendees. And so, although Einstein achieved a definite conceptual advance in equating the mass of an object with its total energy content—whether or not it is moving, whether or not it has an electromagnetic field—we can also credit Hasenöhrl for unambiguously recognizing that heat itself possess an equivalent mass, and physicists before him for providing a chain of shoulders on which to stand. E = mc2 is the short punch line to a long and winding scientific story". And I'm sure he wouldn't object to anything above. Tony of course was/is also selling books.

My first thoughts after reading that were "As a gun loving but tolerent Trump supporter, should I be afraid of those that see themselves as independent or a Biden supporter" Why are Americans so damn infatuated with their guns/rifles/semi automatic rifles/automatic rifles etc! Surely Americans would not be crazy enough to ever let any party led by this arrogant Trump, within cooee of ever being in power again? If that happened, it maybe time for the rest of us to say three Hail Mary's, or the whole bloody rosary!!!

Check out the threads in the science sections...I have a habit of reproducing interesting science articles, or the astronomy/cosmology sections. Just quickly on the highlighted parts....I don't believe it is scary, in fact I see the fact that we can be able to look back to around t+10-35th seconds or thereabouts as pretty outstanding and awesome. The singularity also is more properly defined as the regions where our theories and models do not apply, rather then anything to do with infinite densities and/or spacetime curvature. Krauss' book is very interesting and he bases his scientific speculation on the uncertainty principle and the instability of "nothing". On your "again, im a little weak in cosmology " this is the place to listen and learn from others here that are professional. That's not me btw, I'm just an old retired maintenance Fitter/machinist/welder, that has read plenty and learnt from experts on forums such as this. This is a pretty good place to learn with knowledgable folk.

When I was a hairy arse young bloke, I took up a beer making hobby...part of that was walking the streets after Friday and Saturday nights, picking and gathering all the empty beer bottles from bins, taking them home and sterilizing them with NaOCl2 (is that the correct formula?) Sodium Hypochloride, then rinsing them thoroughly with water. Great hobby btw!

Now's your chance then. Any questions on current evidenced based mainstream science? Do you have any doubt with any mainstream theories? Isn't that better then continuing with the nonsensical path you are seemingly on? Correct, no one knows why or how the BB banged, but there is some reasonable scientific speculation about it, in the appropriate threads of course. I like Professor Lawrence Kraus' "A Universe from Nothing" with nothing being defined as the pre BB quantum foam. Plenty of threads on these interesting topics in the appropriate sections. Let's hope we start getting some thoughts from you, supported of course with validated evidence. Yes you do, which your preoccupation with reputation points bare out. But as per my previous advice, perhaps some decent evidenced backed scientific discussion from you, may gain some positive reputation points you seem so obsessed with.

https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-deployments-video NASA's James Webb Space Telescope will face '29 days on the edge' after launch (video) The observatory will have to make about 50 major deployments after liftoff. NASA's newest space telescope will face 29 "harrowing" days after launch as it makes its way to a deep-space destination nearly 1 million miles (1.6 million km) from Earth, the agency says in a new YouTube video. The video, called "29 Days on the Edge," was released Monday (Oct. 18). It focuses on the journey and 50 expected deployments the James Webb Space Telescope will undergo after its expected launch on Dec. 18. The telescope has been much delayed over the years due to technology challenges, the coronavirus pandemic and other issues. And there will be significant hurdles to overcome after launch as well. more at link...... extract: One of the biggest things Webb will have to unfold is a complex, tennis court-sized sunshield array, which has 140 release mechanisms, 70 hinge assemblies, 400 pulleys, 90 cables and 8 deployment motors, bearing springs and gears, NASA says in the video. All of these items will need to work correctly to get the sunshield unfolded so Webb can do its science work. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58960575

You seem to have some psychological need for attention?

Exactly!

Aint that true! Then add the conspiracy illustrated by the 'God of the gaps" argument. ☺️

A song for the occasion.................

Well put!

I'm not swansont, but I would suggest the answer to that question, is that we have no idea as yet, what matter/space/time is like at Planck scale.

Only ever had one experience where I needed to be rough with a couple of girls...I was around 14 years old and my 10 year old sister was being monstered by two other older girls, for whatever reasons I don't know. She (my sister) had her hair in plaits and one of each older girl had a plait and were dragging her along the grass. I didn't hit them, but very roughly threw them away and onto the grass. Can't really comment too much on corporal punishment for school girls in my era.

Kiss the Ground is a full-length documentary narrated by Woody Harrelson that sheds light on an “new, old approach” to farming called “regenerative agriculture” that has the potential to balance our climate, replenish our vast water supplies, and feed the world. https://kisstheground.com/ https://kissthegroundmovie.com/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_sXZwpzlLiKcpMB4MO_lqAHkwgBgHg6fEZcHvv2F_LCU-1634936908-0-gqNtZGzNAhCjcnBszQgl Kiss the Ground reveals that, by regenerating the world’s soils, we can completely and rapidly stabilize Earth’s climate, restore lost ecosystems and create abundant food supplies. Using compelling graphics and visuals, along with striking NASA and NOAA footage, the film artfully illustrates how, by drawing down atmospheric carbon, soil is the missing piece of the climate puzzle. comments? Is this, as the narrative suggests, the silver bullet to control climate change? I certainly hope all the delegates and leaders at the upcoming Glasgow climate change conference have this information on hand.

Not at all. I was sent home from school once. My old man after listening to my factual account of what happened, took me back to the Principal, relayed the story, found out I was telling the truth, and profusley apologised to my Father and myself. The next day I took justice into my own hands and gave the other student who was the culprit a black eye. I was then rightly punished with four of the best. (or was that six?) A reasonable request I suggest, with relation to the type of school a student attends. Yes some teacher's can be cruel and that is to be abhorred. But let me say that having attended a Catholic school all my life, where corporal punishment was given when required, and still having regular old boys reunions, ( still 9 of us regularly attending) none of us had anything but praise and gratitude for the Christian Brothers/teachers that we encountered, including the liberal ( yet justified) amounts of corporal punishment administered. We were at times little arseholes! Not necessarilly. Decent parents in all respects, can also raise little arseholes that turn out a dredge and drain on society. By the same token parents that are a dredge and drain on society, can have children that turn out as upstanding citizens of society...first person that comes to mind is Anne Sullivan, the teacher and mentor of Helen Keller, and incidently the subject of an incredible movie.

Good, bad, rich, poor, sad, or happy, I want to stay in the land of the living until I'm ready to leave it. The causes of natural death, like age related diseases and such, will in time be curtailed but living forever? I can't see anyone of us not at some time in the distant future, not wanting to accept that he/she has seen it all, and boredom with life in general overtakes us. Me? If I see boots on Mars, the discovery of other life off this Earth, space ship trips to the outer solar system and looking back at a "pale blue dot" we call Earth, a peaceful society on Earth, devoid of political rivalary and nonsense, discovery of other comparable peaceful intelligent species elsewhere in our galaxy, then I may voluntarily decide to pull the plug and face death as a happy man.

We don't nor ever have, accepted blindly what Einstein or any other scientist has said. SR/GR are tested everyday and so far have passed all tests of their validity. Where you are confused is that the singularity at the core of a BH, is where our laws of physics and GR simply do not apply. Physicists and cosmologists generally reject the infinite curvatures and densities as predicted and understand such results are a failure of the theory at those levels. We need a validated QGT to explain or throw more light onto the nature of spacetime at those levels. The same applies of course to the BB. Your next summary re Olber's paradox neglects the fact that the universe is constantly expanding and the cosmological redshift, which tells us that the light from much of the infinite number of stars simply has not reached us and others never will. That's why we have only an "observable universe". Also on the very large scales, the universe is uniform, and isotropic and homogenous as far as we know and as confined by the observable universe. All the data available so far from WMAP and onwards, suggest that the universe is flat to within small error bars. This implies that the universe is infinite. Still while those small error bars exist, the flatness we decipher, may be just part of a much larger curvature. So we still have no convincing irrefutable evidence that tells us whether the universe is finite or infinite. Then we have the likelhood of inflation and the more recent discovery of acceleration in the expansion rate and consequently DE. While there is still much we cannot be certain of, the validity of GR within its bounds of applicability, is as well evidenced as any scientific theory.

Bingo!!! My thoughts exactly!!!

https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/big-tech/2021/10/who-wants-to-live-forever-big-tech-and-the-quest-for-eternal-youth Who wants to live forever? Big Tech and the quest for eternal youth Anti-ageing drugs are bankrolled by some of the wealthiest people on Earth, including Jeff Bezos and Peter Thiel. Are the scientists close to a cure? By Jenny Kleeman The summer before she started her neuroscience degree at the University of Texas, Celine Halioua interned at a clinic in Germany, working with patients who had age-related brain cancer. She formed a bond with one of them. “He had a large, bushy moustache and a permanent smile – the picture of a kind father,” she told me. “My German was not great, and neither was his English, but what struck me was his kindness – despite the fact he was there to discuss his terminal diagnosis.” Halioua was shadowing a doctor, and found it hard to grasp that nothing could be done for this patient. “I always thought that doctors were magical – that if you put the effort in, you’d be able to fix it. The realisation that you can’t made me feel that we don’t have free will.” She resolved to find that fix: not a cure for cancer, but an end to ageing itself. Now, at only 27, Halioua is a leading light in the relatively new field of anti-ageing biotech. “I’m confident we’ll have an ageing drug by the time it’s relevant for me,” she told me. She estimated that time as “within a decade”, and aims to dominate the market before then. “Transparently, my goal is to build the ageing pharma company – there will be many. The ageing field will one day be larger than the cancer field.” Halioua described ageing as “deviation from optimal biological function”. “Optimal” is subjective, of course: Olympic gymnasts peak at a much younger age than Olympic sprinters. “Old” is easier to define: Halioua described it as “when the physical body gets in the way of the thing that you want to do”. Halioua’s speech was so rapid that the internet connection from her office in San Francisco could barely keep up. She looked every inch the digital nomad in her black T-shirt and AirPods: part biogerontologist, part CEO, part Gen Z-er. Halioua’s mother is Moroccan and her father German; she was born in Texas but studied in Sweden, Germany and the UK, and dropped out of her PhD at Oxford University and began to work for the venture capitalist Laura Deming, now 27, at the California-based Longevity Fund, a firm that invests in anti-ageing businesses. Halioua launched her own start-up in 2020. The quest for eternal youth may not be new, but it is now bankrolled by some of the wealthiest individuals and corporations on Earth. PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel and Oracle’s Larry Ellison are among the many billionaires who are investing. Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page helped launch Calico, a Google subsidiary focused on combating ageing, in 2013. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is in the game: not long after touching down from his maiden space flight in July, he was reported to have invested an undisclosed sum in Russian billionaire Yuri Milner’s Altos Labs, which will have a research base in Cambridge, UK (most anti-ageing start-ups are in the US). It is estimated that the industry will be worth $610bn by 2025. more at link.............................. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Well? Who want's to live forever? Personally, I want to stay in the land of the living, until I decide for whatever reason, to switch off.

I went to a Catholic school and we did call our Christian Brother's teachers Sir...my Son later went to a Marist Brothers school and they addressed their teachers as Bro. Not sure of the terms of address in state run schools but I believe it is simply Mr, Miss, or Mrs. As I have said many times, the important part is intent. As an Aussie now, you would know that we can call each other "you old bastard" or similar without any offence or undesirable intent. We can and do laugh at each other. On the other hand, yes times do change, and what we often called migrants to our country in the fifties and sixties is now unacceptable...terms such as wogs and dagos etc, yet those same wogs and dagos, that are now naturalised Australians have turned those once insulting names into terms of endearment, as is evident in the TV shows by Mary Coustas and shows such as "Wogs out of work" https://maryandeffie.com/marycoustas/ and who could forget her book entitled "Effie’s Guide to Being Up Yourself" or the TV show entitled "The Wog Boy" with Nick Giannopoulos. I believe much of what those two Greek Australians did, sums up the Aussie's general attitude. That's not to say of course that it was easy for them in the fifties and sixties with the intended bullying with the use of those terms. Which again gets back to intent. As I have expressed, I dislike in general JP and if anyone objected to my terms of address in any way, shape or form, body language or word of mouth, I would cease, in some cases apologise, and in others, avoid contact with that person altogether.

https://phys.org/news/2021-10-team-approach-unveil-life-evaporation.html Team discovers a new approach to unveil the Origin of Life: Evaporation: The image shows the evaporation-induced phase separation process inside an all-aqueous sessile droplet (Scale bar: 500 microns). The droplet is initially single-phase with PEG (Polyethylene glycol) and dextran dissolved. Upon evaporation, the concentration of PEG and dextran increases and incompatibility arises, forming tiny dextran-rich droplets (green fluorescently labelled) dispersed in the continuous PEG-rich phase. These tiny dextran-rich droplets move towards the center of the sessile droplet with the inward Marangoni flow. Compartmentalization and localization of biopolymers like nucleic acids (red fluorescently labelled) inside these dextran-rich droplets are achieved, with great potential in serving as all-aqueous reactors for a wide range of biochemical reactions. Credit: The University of Hong Kong What is the origin of life? It is a question that has consumed the work and time of scientists for centuries. Recently a group of researchers from the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has shed light on the possible ways forward to examine how living things are formed. more at link.... the paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23410-7 Non-associative phase separation in an evaporating droplet as a model for prebiotic compartmentalization: Abstract: The synthetic pathways of life’s building blocks are envisaged to be through a series of complex prebiotic reactions and processes. However, the strategy to compartmentalize and concentrate biopolymers under prebiotic conditions remains elusive. Liquid-liquid phase separation is a mechanism by which membraneless organelles form inside cells, and has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for prebiotic compartmentalization. Associative phase separation of oppositely charged species has been shown to partition RNA, but the strongly negative charge exhibited by RNA suggests that RNA-polycation interactions could inhibit RNA folding and its functioning inside the coacervates. Here, we present a prebiotically plausible pathway for non-associative phase separation within an evaporating all-aqueous sessile droplet. We quantitatively investigate the kinetic pathway of phase separation triggered by the non-uniform evaporation rate, together with the Marangoni flow-driven hydrodynamics inside the sessile droplet. With the ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, the drying droplets provide a robust mechanism for formation of prebiotic membraneless compartments, as demonstrated by localization and storage of nucleic acids, in vitro transcription, as well as a three-fold enhancement of ribozyme activity. The compartmentalization mechanism illustrated in this model system is feasible on wet organophilic silica-rich surfaces during early molecular evolution.

We are enlightened enough but certainly could be better, and as I have shown with links to the recent Melbourne and Sydney protest marches, we have plenty of "hanger's on" to the hard legitimate core and gripe of a section of society, albeit mostly misinformed, pushing extreme right crap such as their personal freedom to reject vaccinations and still maintain their employment. The worst part of Australain society, is the "copy cat" actions some take from North America in particular, that some of the loonies use to push their agendas... Generally though, those with "declared identities" go about their lives without too much of a problem or the need to climb on a podium shouting out their identities. You are what you are *shrug* and that's your business, until it should conflict with the general rights of general society. Yes, I have met known gay people of both genders and probably some unknown ones also. And yes, my attitide and societies attitude towards them, have thankfully certainly changed since the time I was a tin lid. True story time: When I was in my twenties, the pub we drank at had a well known gay barman...he was to my knowledge anyway never castigated for it, or called anything untoward. After closing time we would often go to one of our gang's home and continue drinking and carrying on. At one of these parties, this gay barman ( for what ever reason) made a move on me. I objected and forcefully pushed his hand away. In my mind that was it...end of story: The following weekend when I went to that pub, he profusely apologised to me, and then proceeded to give me free beer for most of the day/night 😁 Not sure if the Publican knew though. It was essentially a term I and my mates often use and an example of being able to laugh at one's self. I didn't see it as an aspersion on my character, and was speaking on what I and many see as the extremes of so called "civil discourse" eg: my comment on the lyrics of certain songs, both old and new. A few years ago a pommie bloke wrote and sang a song, that was banned for a period of time due to its offending nature to indigenous Australians. Yet I knew many idigenous Aussies, who saw it as a fun tune, and had it on the juke box at a well known indigenous drinking hole/pub. While it certainly offended the greater majority, it didn't offend all of them.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ac8jZakNXk This though, imo is at the extreme end of what could be seen as politically incorrect, other examples are wishy washy at best. An observation: Through movies, world news etc, it does appear to me that Australians are far less "formal" then Americans. It is hardly ever heard of addressing our PM as Sir, mostly he would be addressed by his nickname ScoMo [for Scott Morrison] or as Scott. I doubt any Australain PM would demand to be addressed as Sir!

Your comments in the past pretty well reveal that. In all that and as a friends also, and I'm not sure why you see that as something peculiar to Australia. I'm speaking of indigenous friends as well as many "Imported Australains" as friends, of which of course, I myself am one. Some may see the terminology "imported Australians" as offensive, but I see it as a harmless humouress remark. As I have told you before, Australian society is no where near perfect, but that doesn't change the fact that it is a reasonably fair and equitable society mostly. Just a couple of comments on a mostly wise post, (1) I certainly am not resisting reasonable change, and I believe in saying that, that I also at the same time, respect another's feelings on how I address them, and will cease when objected to ( and how they address me in turn) and (2) and I disagree on your "non sequitur" comment...things sometimes can be taken too far.eg: without getting into all examples again, one obvious is certain songs, both yesteryear and today. Some of the pretentious criticism I have seen border on pretentious nonsense. Personally, I would be campaigning against some of this rap crap, and the inuendoes and hideous remarks, some often directed at Police, rather then Police cruelty. My flatulence considering my age is well controlled. 😉