MigL

You don't watch much American news, do you ? Most Americans get locked up for simple dug possession, and then only if they are not white and rich. Anybody who commits more serious crimes, like shooting up a school full of children, or driving while 'black', usually gets shot. But apparently they've run out of jail space, as they're now starting to jail them ( don't want to call them convicts as they've never had a trial convict them ) in foreign countries with worse jail conditions than the Southern US. Europe, the 'old world', is generally more 'liberal' than the US; that simply means they use different methods to 'control' their people. While a 'conservative' US enacts strict laws and jails to control what you can do, a 'liberal' Europe tries to control how you think, by appealing to their morals or 'shaming' them, Governments seem to be in the business of controlling their populace these days, not so much serving the populace, as that has become 'populism' and is now defined as a bad thing, where once it meant giving political power to the masses, not just the 'elites'.

This seems to happen quite often. Someone gets some 'new' information, and, from that snippet of knowledge, proceeds to build an overarching idea that seeks to describe everything, while simultaneously trampling on most of established Physics. Any idea you might have, has to abide by tried and tested Physical laws and principles, observations/experiments, and has to be testable/falsifiable. IOW, the smaller in scope, the better. If you try to explain just one thing, people can easily tell you if you're on the right track or not; if you try to explain 'everything', from gravity to Black Holes, or even pre-Big Bang with a sh*t-load of misconceptions, people will just throw up their hands and say "You're wrong" because they don't have the shovel or the time.

Newtonian gravity is considered a force. In GR however, you might consider gravity as an 'effect' that arises from test masses naturally following specific paths through curved space-time, which we perceive as an 'attraction' towards other masses. It is easy to say, then, Gravity is an emergent phenomenon of curving space-time, and not a force. You might also consider that, at small enough scales, space-time possibly becomes a chaotic 'froth', what J A Wheeler described as Quantum foam - Wikipedia, and where Gravity, as we know it, ceases to be a thing.

You may be ablr to delete your account, and personal info, but not your posts. Good luck.

As others already told you that both mass and energy gravitate ( as a matter of fact mass isn't even mentioned in the equations describing gravity in GR ), I can only add that neither you, nor we, are stupid here; we are just at different levels of learning. Keep asking questions.

No. Having established that the intent is to do harm, as opposed to accidental injury, does it make any difference what the motivation was for the harm perpetrated? So the added charge of a hate crime, added to the crime of the assault, would be "preventative' justice so the crime isn't repeated? I thought the assault charge did that.

Sorry, been a very busy couple of days. My opinion is, accidental harm, or harm by negligence, could be caused by anyone, even self-inflicted ( the most common type ). But if someone intends to do me harm, he/she is harming me; not my demographic. If Phi beats me up for being Italian, how is he hurting any other Italian ?

The motivation doesn't do me any damage; the assault, on the other hand, does.

Revolution ? Not like you haven't revolted against tyrants before. Dump some tea in Boston harbor maybe ? I would think so; either way, I'm still getting a beating. As far as I know, you are allowed to hate anyone you want, for whatever reason. If I beat you up because I hate the way you part your hair, does that also compound the beating ? ( I apologize for the insensitive analogy if you should happen to be bald ) Lets not go down the road of punishing people for the way they think.

We have 'hate' laws in Canada, but I've never been very comfortable with them. If someone assaults you to either take your money, or because he doesn't like you, the crime is the assault, not the motivation. Speech that incites violence, is of course different, and as far as I know, is illegal ( Trump Jan 6 !!! ) even in the US. This push against the 1st Amendment, and free speech, in the US is the metric for freedom, and you guys better take it seriously. How do you know when you've lost your freedom ? When a comedian who makes fun of the President is taken off the air, or the President will send one of his MAGA-mob goons ( head of the FCC ) to make life, and your profits, difficult for you. And if that fails, the DoJ, run by a vapid, but attractive, goon will prosecute you on Trumped-up ( pun intended ) charges. Nice racket Trump's got going; Vito Corleone would be envious.

"the Schwarzschild metric is the most general spherically symmetric vacuum solution of the Einstein field equations" and since you can consider all the mass-energy as being at the center, it is a very useful approximation for any non-rotating, uncharged, massive objects like stars and planets. Read this Schwarzschild metric - Wikipedia But, I have to ask If people like Studiot are trying to help you understand limitations and constraints to your imaginings of how the universe works, why do you choose not to reply to him anymore. Science has no consideration for hurt feelings. We are not just a science forum; we are a science discussion forum. ( congratulations, you have the honor of the first down vote I've given out in the last dozen years )

I hope all these institutions that put profits ahead of principles are boycotted by the ( mostly ) affluent/non-MAGA population. I guess ABC and Disney will have to start showing NASCAR races and reruns of Duck Dynasty.

I thought there was only one definition of imagination, but I guess you can add as many descriptive adjectives to the word to have as many meanings as you want, thus making it useless at conveying information. Joigus has already taken care of the first instance, 'directed imagination'. As for the second instance, 'interpretive imagination', that is usually called deduction.

Classical theory is based on extremely large systems of many particles, where the probabilistic nature of such quantum particles is 'smoothed out' to give the 'common, everyday effects' we normally observe. It is not so much that certain properties 'reach 0' at some point; rather the mathematical model is no longer applicable because other effects ( not accounted for in the model ) become predominant. The 'trick' is knowing when a model is no longer applicable, and that takes a little knowledge, which is gained with a good foundation in basic Physics and Math. It's about time you started asking some questions.

You have barely scratched the surface of the significance of Penrose diagrams, yet you already want to propose 'untestable hypothesis' ? And you wonder why we call it "making stuff up" ? We call this a 'science forum'; I don't see 'fiction' anywhere in that term.

The Principle of Making Stuff Up says I can propose any imaginary principle to explain the workings of the universe, without having to account for observational evidence or consistent predictions. There; that was easy.

It is an extremely dire situation if American politics has descended to a state where discourse is done with a gun. The death of C Kirk is an indicator of this trend, and I am saddened for it. But I will not forget what C Kirk stood for; his morals and ideals were disturbing, to say the least. And it is interesting, and hypocritical, of the MAGA Republicans to respond to his assassination by challenging the 1st Amendment and free speech laws. When dozens of school children get shot almost every year ( lately ), not a single Republican even considers challenging the 2nd Amendment; the best they can do is offer 'thoughts and prayers' while waiting for the next mass shooting. How is that working out ? Is C Kirk that much more important than children ? Maybe J Kimmel should have offered 'thoughts and prayers' before making fun of an ignorant C Kirk, and the idiots who worship him.

This is exactly what we are talking about ... Hawking and Penrose formulated these theorems based solely on GR, which is strictly classical. We know, based on a century of observations/experiments, that 'reality' is NOT classical, and a strictly classical model would invariably fail when quantum effects become non-trivial. So none of us would propose to incorporate H-P singularity theorems into a theory of Quantum Gravity. Your 'gut instinct', and imagination, seems unconstrained by such considerations, however, because you lack a deep enough understanding of QM. Maybe concentrate on deepening your understanding, before proposing ideas for models at the forefront of scientific research. The deep end of the pool is meant for people who know how to swim.

Believe it or not, Dragon, you are not the only one on this forum. Others ( myself included ) come here to learn, and if knowledgeable people don't push back against wrong/confused/inconsistent ideas with the accepted science then those who are trying to learn are done a disservice. You may be comfortable going with your gut instinct, and belief in your imagination, but that is NOT science, and this is a science forum. Don't take it personal.

If It can't be measured, observed in any way, or gives non-sensical results ( singularities/infinities ), it is best to ignore it. To do otherwise would be guessing ( notice I didn't sat 'making up sh*t' ). What would have existed before time existed ? The 'before' is non-sensical; I have no observations, can make no measurements, nor gather any other information, regarding the universe's state prior to the beginning of the Big Bang evolution. I could let my 'imagination' run wild, make a wild-ass-guess, and say Thanos snapped his infinity-stone-gloved fingers and made it all happen. Would you be satisfied with that ?? So why would we be satisfied with your imaginative guess ?

Thanks Studiot. I gotta start posting this stuff in the 'Today I Learned' thread.

I don't think he ever said that, but if he did it would be understandable, as he already had the 'knowledge'. With some basic knowledge, you become aware of the bounds and limitations imposed by the laws and principles of Physics. Your imagination needs to take those laws and principles into consideration, or else you are proposing fairy tales. The geometry of space-time is considered to be the gravitational field, in GR, and it is often referred to as a geometric field theory. It has, however, resisted all attempts at quantization, so far; that is the know-how the scientific world, and you, lack. Even if an advanced theoretical Physicist was to propose your 'theory' ( he wouldn't ), he would be 'making sh*t up', as the know-how currently does not exist ( if ever ). Some of the terms you use have specific meanings in physics and Math. If you use them in non-standard form, without further defining what you mean by them, we can only take them as the standard definition, which leads to confusion, dismissal of your ideas, and accusations of writing 'word salad'. Either learn the proper definitions of the terms you use, or clearly define what you mean for each term used in a non-standard way

Oh, good Lord, Xerxes. I started having flash-backs of being in 3rd year Uni math class.

the time 're-winding' of the universe back to a singular state, is a purely classical exercise, and fails for the same reasons as the gravitational collapse of a star to a singularity in a Black Hole. When you get close to singular states, Quantum effects become non-trivial. General Relativity itself, being strictly classical, is not applicable in that domain; that is what the singular state, with its attendant infinities, signifies. What actually happens during stellar collapse, or the time re-winding of universal evolution, has to be modified by Quantum effects at small enough separations and high enough energies. And we currently don't have the know-how to handle such situations. Unless you have such know-how, you are simply making sh*t up. ( as other members have told you )

And everyone is learning American 'promises' are only valid if there's profits to be made.