John Cuthber

I'd be surprised if you can't find some metal recycling place that's prepared to take it. Nickel is quite valuable. The Mond process just isn't something that works on a "home brew" scale.

The reaction does happen, but it is very slow. You can increase the rate of reaction with a suitable catalyst e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urease

Why does the thread title say "carbonate"?

OK. So, without the protective effects of ethanol 30 g of methanol will cause harm. But a litre of ethanol would probably kill you. So, as long as the methanol content is less than about 30 grams per litre or 3% the ethanol will kill you before the methanol does any harm. 30 grams per litre 3000 grams per hectolitre or roughly 2 times higher than the highest figure in the table will be "safe" because of the antidote also being present. OK, so the table can not be anything to do with health- let's face it, the healthy option doesn't include drinking much hooch. The reason is that they don't want people adding industrial meths to the authentic product. You could, realistically get away with adding a bit of meths to something like fruit brandy and blame the methanol of pectin. You can't do that with gin. So it's a practical measure of how much methanol indicates that the product has been adulterated. A quality control issue, rather than a health issue.

What do you think a reasonable "health based" limit would be?

You are missing the fact that the levels are not set on grounds of health. The methanol content is an indicator of what "good practice" achieves. Because there's a lot more pectin in some of the substrates than in others, the methanol levels will be higher. The light fraction is full of acetaldehyde which makes engines knock like hell. Also, there are miscibility issues with methanol and saturated hydrocarbons.

The distillation ban is on the statute book.

They did.

Since a flat mirror is cheap and easy and it would work I guess it's optimal.

Reminds me of selling nuclear shelters... No dissatisfied customers ever complained.

Nope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flurothyl Much more importantly, high pressure oxygen- which can clearly be breathed- is a convulsant, not a narcotic.

Enough have failed that we know they really won't "last forever". That looks a bit like a "No true Scotsman" argument.

Why would I?

Good news; you are wrong.

The traditional version is "what happens when an irresistible force acts on an immovable object?". And the answer is that they can't both exist (at least, not in the same universe).

Only if you pay attention to it.

No.

It is a theoretical implementation. I haven't actually done it.

No That's "rubbing your hands together on a cold day". Fusion is a bit more complicated. You are unlikely to have "cracked" something when you have to ask what it is.

As far as I can tell, there's only one topic there.

Something like this would be the obvious way. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_scanning But it hardly matters how I'd do it. The fact remains. The point exists and it has all those numbers associated with it And it would do so even if there was nobody else in the world.

The point 1 inch east of the tip of my nose has a set of 3 Cartesian coordinates based on an origin at the corner where the floor meets the door. It also has a set of three polar coordinates, altitude, latitude and longitude. So that point has, in fact, 6 numbers. That's before we look at things like a magnetic or gravitational field (and their first, second and nth derivatives). So you are wrong. You should stop now, because this is a science site and you are not doing science.

If you are making alcohol for drinking, you certainly don't need vacuum distillation- not bothering to add the most expensive and unnecessary bit makes things cheaper. (Buying a 3d printer etc is unlikely to make things cheaper) If you are making high purity alcohol for lab use then... you still don't need a vacuum still.

A geometric mean is the best measure of central trend for a log normal distribution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution#Occurrence_and_applications

Where Does Holy Water Come From? Peckham Spring? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Nature's_Son_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)