Biology

In Europe the legal age for sex is really low - like 14 in Germany, Portugal, Italy and Austria. In Spain its 13!!!1 This means a 40 year old man can legally have sex with a 14 year old as long as it is consensual (without coercion etc). Does this mean the Europeans are pedophiles? Does it mean it's legal to be a pedophile in Europe?

Hello Forum, I am currently working with endnote, but am rather fed up with it. I find it very annoying that I can not access document folders, and have to guess my way through the library folders if i want to find any of my PDFs again. Further more deleting a reference will NOT delete the actual PDF in the library. So while being quite usefull for finding references and including them into word, I find I have no control over my actual library and little to no chance to pass on a selection of files to colleagues. I am looking for a software that - allows me easy access to my actually stored files - does sort my files according to author/title or any other useful fo…

Hi all, I’m new here and have chosen this forum for my question to reach a bride range of people. I’m working on my master thesis and need your help to find a solution for my problem to indicate significant differences in a bar chart plot. The data of the statistical test is available in the following format: Bar1-bar2:significant Bar1-bar3:not significant … I want to mark significant differences between two bars with different letters (like bar1:a and bar2:b). If there is no significant differences between two bars they get the same letter (like bar1:a and bar3:a). Sort the right letters to the bars gets much more complex when the number of ba…

I find it incredible, yet mind boggling, that there's a possibility to alter the genes in an unborn human being so that they're born with different skin, hair, eyes, etc. I haven't seen any examples of people who have been genetically modified in any way, so I came here to discuss with more experienced minds like you, can you genetically modify a human being, and is it a good idea to do so?

Wiki says human organism consists on 220-230 cell types. Is there any database or online reference, which contains a "genealogy tree" of these types and statistics? I.e. so it is said about each cell type from which one it origins and which one produces when maturing? Partially this information is in wiki, for example it is said there, that embryoblast derives from blastocyst and gives rise to epiblasts and hypoblasts. Unfortunately, this information is highly incomplete in Wiki. For example, I can't track genesis to neuroblasts. Besides tree I am interested in cell statistics, for example, how many cells of the type body contains at which life stages, h…

what conclusions can you make about pH5 apart from its an acid? thank you

Hello everyone, I'm very new to microbiology and does not have any background knowledge, so I have some simple questions on identifying different bacteria on agar plates. I have some questions and I have answered them the way I think. Please correct me where nessecary. 1. First of all what do all the lines in that plate mean, and how do you make a culture plate? Ok so you get the agar medium, and dip a bacterial loop into your sample eg CSF and then streak them on agar plate. So I'm thinking those lines are bacterial streaks. 2. Now how do I know there is growth in the culture plate and what is the difference between streaks and circles in the above pic…

After reading some fairly recent articles in science, I have been inspired to learn more about the research being done to fight what seems like a whole range of diseases. Please read these articles from MIT news. I would provide the link but they aren't posting correctly. 1) Getting to the roots of genetics (04.17.12) 2) New drug could cure nearly any viral infection (08.10.11) 3) A glow of recognition (12.14.11) What do you think of their methods? -Computational techniques to understand genetic diseases -Combining dsRNA-binding protein with another protein to cause apoptosis to stop cancer growth Do you think theses methods will yield succes…

Tell me if I'm right. Endophillic - rest indoors Exophillic- rest outdoors Endophagic- bite indoors Exophagic -bite ourtdoors. Now my questions is in terms of fogging and indoor residual spraying do we do it by considering the resting habits of mosquitoes or biting habits. Also Culex quinquefasciatus rests indoor but indoor residual spraying is not useful. Why? Thanks

New Scientist: Biology's 'dark matter' hints at fourth domain of life Comments?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=_oPxa3C3iu0&feature=endscreen Okay after seeing the video I think this creature is very fragile and prone to vomiting, but I don't understand why it blew up. Probably because the young men who found it were careless enough to give it root beer, which may have reacted improperly with it's digestive system and made it explode. The part where we see many of the creatures run away means that they must be very fast when they need to be, so the one at the end that died must've been deathly ill. This is a video from 3 years ago, so is this a creature that's been officially identified?

hi guys, can u please help me with this one. its about blood coagulation. i did an experiment on factors affecting blood coagulation. blood was extracted from the ventricle of rabbits and distributed in several test tubes. one of the test tube's inner surface was lubricated with liquid paraffin before the blood was poured. can someone please tell me how does that affect the blood coagulation.

For example candida fungus is a commensal in our skin and mucus membrane, but it can cause infection. So I'm asking why is it not causing infection in everyone, are the commensal form of candida harmless, so to get the infection we must inhale patogenic candida. Thanks

hi all new here. i had a super rare problem called superior mesenteric artery syndrome for a long time and had surgery to correct it although it didnt actually improve my digestions/way i feel etc.i feel it might be due to a triggering problem with the pancreas/gallbladder etc just want to know concerning fat absorption/digestion-i understand the efa's (dha epa) are long chain fatty acids so bile+lipase is absolutely necessary for break down/absorption is this right? ie short and medium chain fatty acids dont need either lipase/bile to be absorbed they can just go straight across the intestinal wall or whatever? (sucks they arnt the ones that are the efa's) so im going to…

Hi I have been using the ELISpot assay and recently I have developed a few problems. I was wondering if anyone had had similar problems and could advise me. Until now everything had been working very well. To start with I noticed excess spots in the 'media only' wells and now I appear to be getting very little/no spots whatsoever in some plates. I use PMA and Ionomycin as a control for each sample and i'm looking for responses against PPD. We use standards for each plate and these have all been working fine so we know it isn't a method problem. I have changed the plates and media. I use Mabtech antibodies. I do not think it is the antigens as on some occasio…

Hello, Im looking for a study I heared about, but cant remember where. It basically says that a mouse bites another uninvolved mouse if it is in pain and the source for the pain is not known to it. Thanks for any help!

Previously it belonged to lance field group D, that means it must show beta haemolysis. But now it is classified in gamma group. I'm confused does enterococcus show beta or gama haemolysis or both. Thanks

Which is the best, quick fractionation method to isolate active metabolites from various species of terminalia??? I prefer methods using alcohols, methanol, phenolics, etc.. than column methods. Can I get detailed procedure of it? Please mention any website or any article related to it. If possible, please give me details of practical difficulties and advantages of that method. Thanks in advance.

Capsasin I think is the chemical that causes things to be spicy, but...can your body use something like that in any way? How is it helpful?

If there was a planet an atmosphere of helium, what would it's overall temperature be like? Can helium trap sunlight, or would it not be able to carry out a greenhouse effect?

I know that taste is heavily influenced by smell, and yet we experience taste as one experience. I'm assuming, therefore, that smell and taste information must converge somewhere in the brain. Where exactly?

Hello, I'm reading tuberculosis pathology and I'm finding it hard to understand because my general poor knowledge in pathology. This is what I gathered from the reading. 1. Tubercle bacilli reach alveoli of lung and ingested by macrophages. 2. Then macrophages call other macrophages and T cells to wall off the bacilli in lung(forming a tubercle). Now my question is phagosome-lysosome fusion is inhibited by these bacilli, how can macrophages kill these bacilli. Now what is the difference between this tubercle and a granuloma. In a granuloma is it only macrophages that wall off the foreign substance or T cells as well. 3. After few weeks macrophages die releasing…

Take genetically engineered tomatoes for example. The genes are modified yes, but the plant grows similar to a natural tomato plant, obeying the same basic laws of nature (photosynthesis, transpiration, growth ect..). However, the product is not exactly natural. So, can the product be categorized under the man-made section or natural section? If you deduce that the answer is "both"; then there is another question: What about other "man-made" materials in our world. Take the laptop for example. Yes, certainly man assembled the parts together, but the whole process had to obey the laws of nature. The parts had to be fitted according to natural laws; so that the whole thing…

5ml Host blood 5ml di sodium ammonia chloride Enhanced culture for rapid transcription Centrifuge laboratory equipment as necessary introduce host blood to enhanced culture wait approx 3.5 min introduce quickly equal amount of di-sodium ammonia chloride compound wait 2 min centrifuge at blood sample speed for ten minutes when 8 layers apparent look for opqaque white mucusish layer, if 2 choose bottom extract layer test results by taking a blood sample of a drop and under microscope reviewing response to serum extracted <one drop> estimated need 1mL/.5 # <must be host> use telomerase as needed sorry thats t…

Hello, I'm wondering how a loss of smell affects taste. It's said that the tongue is capable of detecting sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. So what happens when one losing his/her sense of smell? Do they lose the ability to tell the difference between the taste of an orange and the taste of a banana, but still tell they're sweet, or do they lose the ability to taste anything at all. I would also like to know if there are any studies confirming this. Thanks