Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Here's a question. Name 2 type of molecules that are found within the cell membrane ?

Hi I am a PhD student working in the field of botany. I want to work in the field of molecular markers. As i am new to this field can i get some help regarding plant isozymes. I am having problems in practical knowledge of plant isozymes. Can anyone plz. guide me in this situation? What books should i refer so my problem will be solved?Help me please.

Hi everyone, I have a large glycoprotein (runs at 140KDa on a reduced denatured gel) about have of its apparent molecular weight is sugars. I produce this protein in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells K1 which should add Sialic acids to the protein. Hence, making the pI of the protein slightly acidic probably 4-5. However, I have run the gel 3 different times with the same protein and got three different answers. The first time the protein was in 0.3M NaCl, 50mM Citric Acid pH5 and the pI came out between 4-5 great I thought, I will be able to repeat this easily for my thesis. However, the second time I had changed the elution buffer on the size exclusion column to 1…

does anyone know of molecules that include both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, besides phospholipids?

I've always wondered what goes on inside our bodies (chemically and mechanically) while we sleep. What is happening at the molecular level that makes sleep soooooo important that it takes up one-third of our entire lifespan? Why is sleep essential to most all lifeforms?

Hello all, I'm a newbie so please forgive me if this question has already been asked... I was wondering if anyone knows anything about the cellular ratio of GTP:GDP. I would ideally like to know the nuclear ratio but I don't mind whichever compartment; in fact, any NTP:NDP ratio would also help. Many thanks in advance! Uplah

I thought this was an interesting article from Yahoo! News. Taiwenese Researchers Breed Glowing Pigs TAIPEI, Taiwan - Pigs may not be able to fly just yet, but at least three of them glow. Taiwanese researchers said Friday they have bred the pigs with a fluorescent material in a move they hope will benefit the island's stem cell research effort. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060114/ap_on_sc/taiwan_glowing_pigs;_ylt=AsXBPYGdV_A6Fr3FnsALs.4PLBIF;_ylu=X3oDMTA5aHJvMDdwBHNlYwN5bmNhdA--

does anyone know where fungal and bacterial amylase can be found? thanks xx

Hey guys, Have a question: when making transgenic animals, you use an resistance cassette for screening the cells(e.g. Neo = G418 resistance), you make chimeras and mate them with wt. I'm trying to understand an article I'm reading, where they remove the cassette by crossing the F1 generation with mice that has a special recombinase that will excise the cassette. Why do you even need to remove resistance cassettes? Would it matter if you just kept it in the germ line?

CELL HYDROPHOBICITY: A MISSED ROLE FOR PROTEINS For a long time, and up to the present, the term hydrophobicity was mostly has been associated chiefly with lipids. The well-known Meyer-Overton rule was always a strong argument in favor of the lipid nature of biomembranes and of the membrane theory of anesthesia. Until the 1960s, to be "hydrophobic" was synonymous with being "lipid", and the hydrophobic properties of the cell were explained by the presence of its lipid membranes, first of all, and primarily the plasma membrane. Indeed, based on these concepts, numerous "lipid" theories of anesthesia were put forward. However, in the 1960s, when studying thermodynam…

1) How can one stimulate proliferation and differentiation with the help of alloantigen cells? Do they work as an antigen and if so what is the co.factor? 2) How does it proliferate when only the co-factor IL-2 is added? Doesn't it need an antigen? or do you only need that for differentiation? 3) Often when they test the cytotoxin in vivo, they check it on LAK (both NK and T-cells) Why don't they only check T-cells? Is it too hard to seperate the two? Thankful for any help// Tilda

how is it that adrenaline makes you feel like you could jump 20 feet in the air?or run extremly fast? can you really, run faster and jump higher with adrenaline? why does it make the senses more accute?

Hey people, About to do my final in biochemistry and I was wondering whether anyone had a good memory trick to remember which amino acids are ketogenic and which are glucogenic? Thanks in advance EDIT: Also, if anybody has some pointers how to remember which aminoacids derrives from what precursor, please feel free to post them!

I was watching the RI xmas lectures yesterday ( ), and it said that heavy nitrogen isotopes accumulate in animals, wheres this does not happen so much in plants. Since nitrogen isotopes behave the same chemically, and any nitrogen would have come from a primary consumer anyway, how is this possible?

I'm 3 Semesters away from my Bachelors (Biology w/concentration in Molecular Biology), and am beginning to wonder where I go from there. I'll be doing 4 years in the US Army immediately following graduation. After that, I'd like to be involved in Biotechnology. Human applications, such as genomic studies (bioinformatics) and genetic diseases research. What options does my BS afford me? How employable am I? Should I shoot for an MS or PhD? What programs/schools are good? Thanks for any advice, Mike

Hi, I have a question and I hope that a molecular biologist or anyone who really knows can give me an answer without immediately ridiculing it. I noticed that some very prominent scientists (especially Peter Duesberg, see his website http://www.duesberg.com) including some Nobel-prize winners like Kary Mullis and Walter Gilbert, are seriously criticising the HIV-hypothesis. How true is all this? Are they just telling lies or is they a real problem here?

when researchers test different symptoms or processes in the human body they use different cells for experimentation. how do you know how to pick the right cell line?

This is going to sound like a stupid question but if you have 5ml of 2% starch and 1ml of 1% malt diastase and your combining with iodine to see the reaction rate, how do you work out the reaction rate as weight of starch hydrolyzed per minute?

I'm preparing for my biology final and was reviewing the Kreb's Cycle, and there is one thing that I'm a little unclear about. After alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated, the resulting succinyl group is bound to coenzyme A. Then in the next step, when the succinyl-CoA is cleaved, energy released drives the phosphorylation of GTP. What I didn't understand was that if breaking the bond released enough energy to yield a GTP and then ATP, why was there no input of energy needed to form the bond between the succinyl group and CoA in the first place? This isn't a question on an assignment, I hope it doesn't seem like I'm asking for someone to do my homewor…

Hi there everyone! I have two questions. After talking to my biology teacher about something not even related to this we some how ended up on the topic of ageing and how the "sticky" ends of the chromosomes are not correctly coppied. If [acr=Deoxyribonucleic acid]DNA[/acr] is supposed to be error checked while the base pairs are being matched up then why are these ends not always correctly copped as most of the other [acr=Deoxyribonucleic acid]DNA[/acr] is? Is it because humans are designed to age in this way or is it a flaw in the way the [acr=Deoxyribonucleic acid]DNA[/acr] replicates? Also, how do cells know when to start meitosis, do they have some sort of…

Dear all, I have a civil engineer degree in biotechnology. What kind of jobs can i do or have? Is that easy for a civil engineer seeking jobs? I am looking for a job around the world, but it seems like the field is only interested in phD students or scientists. Am really frustrated now. Thanks for any ideas!

I was in class today studying nutrients, and I kind of wonder what the problem is with this. I think it would cost too much to mass produce, so it isn't a high possibility, but could you just take a pill with all of the nutrients you need in perfect amounts, and never have to eat? I still don't see any problem with it. I do know there is more too it than just that, like activity, special things like allergies or lactose intolerance, but skipping all that, would it work that way? You get all the calories you need, all the important nutrients, what would you need food for?

I am looking for any references talking about WESTERN BLOTTING, but i hardly find any in pubmed. Could it be that WESTERN BLOTTING is an old technique that is why old articles are deleted or not in use? Do you have any good ones that i can read? I am not interested in some of the unknown websites talking about this topic, since i don't know if they are right about what they are saying. I need articles with references! Thank you!

Okay so I'm studying this lil calcium binding protein. And being a crazy canadian I've decided to make a who bunch of highly mutated versions and see what effect it has on this proteins function. But it seems when you make these mutants this protein gets really friggin hard to purify from DNA. I suspect it's wrapping around the DNA helices. Now the problem is I really need to get rid of this DNA so that when I do my assays there's no question of interferance from the DNA, (it's not likely to happen but I can't take the chance) so I can write my paper. So if anyone know this really good trick for getting rid of DNA I'd really appreciate it. Oh btw this is a …

I need someone to answer these questions I need them fast my exam is 2morrow and im gona fail!!! 1. Experimental design: discuss the technical aspects of any lab exercise performed this term. This is not the same as lab procedure. What are technical aspects? Like in any lab what would it be? 2. Describe with the aid of three (3) diagrams how the structure (design) of the cell membrane is determined by the nature of its constituents 3. The nature and location of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms is a result of their environment. Discuss. 4. Diagram how cells transport materials across the plasma membrane.