studiot

This was not your original claim, you claimed the wave equation to be invariant. A a person with a "background in maths" you should be aware that holding good in only one frame contravenes this big time. Invariants appear in both maths and physics in many places and both employ the same meaning for this term, unlike some other common terms like field and vector. The are physical phenomena associated with both light and sound which depend upon relative velocity, but do not need to be associated with any coordinatem syste at all and can be detected wothout any coordinates. The physics is there regardless of a the presence or absence of a coordinate system.

That is not a definition. Nor does it direct me to where you have used it and defined it in this thread. What is s please ?

A good response. +1

I was going to write a sympathetic and supportive response to your very recent post(s) in another thread. But sorry I feel significantly too insulted to post that response now by this blatantly false attack on others. Several claims in your post 'stick in the craw' but the emboldened one is so laughably false it is the last straw.

I'm sorry, where does s come into it. ? In other words where have you defined s before in this thread please ?

The heat capacity of dry air only varies in the second or third decimal place over the range -20C to + 20C so with dry air the eficiency is sensiby the same if your operating range is -20 to zero or zero to +20 since cooling either air 10 degrees will yield the same amount of heat. Obviously you need to chhose the refrigerant carefully to operate over the expected temperature range. The difficulty arises because most air is moist. Usually the range 0C to +6 is the worst because that is when the air mositure comes out of the air with avengance and condenses or freezes on the heat exchanger seriously impeding the heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) significantly. Just the conditions we have in Southern England. Once you operate below zero most of the mositure has left the air and it is very dry. So near ideal conditions pertain. You then have to contend with wind blown snow.

Maxwell was the kiddie. Sadly he died comparatively young. He would probably have had relativity if he had lived another 10 years to then average age. There are always suprises around the corner. That is one of the strengths of Science. It is malleable enough to absorb change and be better as a result. The best reasoning in Science seems to often alternate between mathematical reasoning and physics reasoning, each one prompteing advances in the other. The best derivations I have seen of the famous Schrodinger quantum equation work like this, as do mnay others. It is now well past the witching hour here in England so I will take my leave for now.

When lots of clever people have worked hard to tie down specific meaning for many technical terms it makes sense to use those meanings and not try to start out with new ones. Unfortunately too often in my opinion even scientists fall down in this respect so when they start talking about some new subject, other people think they know what is meant and arguments ensue when they find out that they do not.

Space has no fabric. It is not made of anything. Space is a general term, best understood in context.

Quantum theory doesn't in general involve forces and reference to a 'fabric' is popsci. I am suprised that you jumped to such conclusions when I suggested to find out about some basics. I'm sorry but there is a lot of learning and work required between those basics and something as advanced as quantum theory. And as yet, you don't seem to have the basics. Energy does not exist by itself. There is no such thing as pure energy. Energy is, in fact, a property of things which do exist. One of its properties is that it may be transferred from one thing to another. Quantum physics arose from the description given by Einstein to the discovery that energy can only be transferred in certain definite quantities. This was only a description and referred to only one sort of transfer originally. It did not answer the questions of how or why this is so. Einstein called these definite quantities quanta. As joigus points out, it has later transpired that the restriction also applies to some other properties of things such as angular momentum. Quantum Physics is the study of such phenomena and its implications. Does this help ?

I suggest yoy look more closely into the nature of vibrations, oscillations, waves and other forms of motion. We have many names beacause they are all different in the way they work. Vibrations require what is called a 'restoring force', in addition to the original 'disturbing force'. If no such force is present then free motion occurs which may be random and if impeded ( eg by collisions) may generate a variety of phenomena, one of which we call pressure, another we call heat, another we call pair production and so on.

The fact remains that you have made a good many claims, some of principle, some numeric and some totally irrlevant to the issue. But I have not seen a single piece of mathematics or calculation to support them.

Elizabeth David ? I believe they originally had a ham joint with the bone in. Of course you can't get them in England today. One very useful tip concerns the roast. Traditionally cleaning the roasting dish is a chore, But we take the dish as is the following day, and use it to start off some lentils and vegetables, then some stock and finally a left over worst bits of the meat. This either becomes a curry or plainer dish or even pea soup base. The good bit is at the end because all the water added cleans the roasting dish almost as well as our retriever (when we had one) so washing it up is a treat. Thanks and +1 to both for your input.

What are your (favourite) recipes for cooking ham ? My family had used the following for generations and most folks we feed the result to seem to think offers significant improvement of the standard method. Use smoked or plain ham to preference. First prepare you ham by making small slits in opposite sides or ends with a very sharp knife. Then insert a sliver of fresh garlic clove into each slit, as deeply as practicable. Follow this up by inserting one or two cloves into each slit, tailend inwards. These are removed after cooking. Place the treated ham in a pot deep enough to cover with cold water and place on stove. Add a rounded desert spoon of soft brown sugar to the water. Bring to the boil and simmer for 1 hour per kg. Do not over cook. Once cooked the ham can be removed to stand. The ham water can be used to add extra flavour to vegetables such as cabbages, carrots and so on. Most folks are pleasnatly suprised when they come across this last bit.

I am sorry line 2 of my second quote above should have read ...I am convinced that philosophers have had a harmful effect..... ...I am convinced that have had a harmful effect... My apologies for that important omission, and the spelling mistake in the first quote, my typing degenerates as the day wears on.

Yes it is exactly zero. By the way How did we move from a discussion about time to a discussion about distance ?

As irrelevant as what ? Or did you really mean soemething else ? Here is a quote from a famous Philosopher Pray tell me what it means Here is a piece from a famous scientist

I think it is very important that you separate numbers , units, symbols and the objects which they refer to. That is you think separately about them, each in their own right. Let us take an example of this: Making bread. Bread has ingredients. The ingredients are flour, yeast and water. There are 3 ingedients. Here the objects referred to are ingredients. The number 3 is called a quantifier or a coeffiecient. There are no units involved or if you prefer the unit i 'number or count of' But there are several types of number and 3, each with their own special features. So we could have said: There are 3 ingredients 1st ingredient,, 2nd ingredient, 3rd ingredient. Or we could have said even more First ingredient flour Second ingredient yeast Third ingredient water. Which tells us even more. First second and third are numbers, just a different kind of number. ~They are cvalled ordinal numbers, as they show order. We could also write a 1 on the jug of water, a 2 on the tub of yeast and a 3 on the bag of flour. Then the instructions might read Mix the contents of 2 with the contents of 3, than add the contents of 1. We are now using the numbers 1, 2 and 3 as symbols (you mentioned symbols) We can make the description even more use full if we add units so Mix 2 of yeast with 400 of flour and then add 250 of water is not very helpful. But Mix 2 teaspoons of yeast with 400 grammes of flour and then add 250 mililitres of water is very helpful. Much more helpful than Mix 2 teaspoons of 2 with 400 grammes of 3 and then add 250 mililitres of 1. Although both are strictly correct and Mathematicians and computer engineers like the last as it is shorter. I have another example to explore but let us see what you make of this one first.

A ROM is a form of truth table.

How w ell do those learning English do with acronyms ? +1 An SMPS is a Switched Mode Power Supply. Switched mode power supplies often also incorporate a voltage change and use an inductor and or transformer for this. Inductive switching generates large reverse voltage spikes known as backswing which can damage semiconductors when they are reverse connected. (see Sensei's graph) Zener diodes are used as protection to limit (called clamping) the size of the backswing voltage to a safe level. A second use is to clamp the voltage created on the storageor reservoir capacitor, which stores the switched pulses, to the desired level.

Not in the least bit suprised. +1 for a proper attempt at evaluation. Chemically basalt is nothing like portland cement concrete, although both are silicates. As a material basalt is more susciptible to chemical weathering attack, enhanced by subsequent detrimental attack on its own structure (HAC, ASR, Ettringite, Carbonation) and on any embedded ferrous reinforcement. This is in direct contrast to Roman lime based concrete, which continues to gain strength and hardness forever on a diminishing curve, from the atmouspheric carbon dioxide.

Since you seem to just want to copy others, rather than answer my questions I will leave you to it.

Did I see that knee jerking before you read and investigated my article ? The ground up basalt is produced anyway. It used to be discarded as slag waste. It can be spread along with fertiliser don't forget that this is reduced, they mentioned a fig of 25% saving of fertiliser. However I do agree with your point about carbon credit trading. I regard it a scandal. So are you saying that new improved technology should not be employed even if it brings environmental benefits ? To all I never said this to be a universal panacea. In the advertising words of one supermarket, "Every Little Helps"

Why not ? you are just dressing up incredulity as something more; I still don't see a problem. I haven't checked your numbers but it is an observed fact that clocks lower in a gravity well run more slowly so Bob will record less elapsed time for the same interval.

Earlier this year I watched the BBC Earth series, presented by Chris Packham. One new theory was presented of many years of almost continuous rain on the early basalt eruption surfaces, leading to chemical weathering of the basalt removing significant quantities of acid greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, from the atmoushphere and chemically 'fixing' it into the ground. Last Sunday the BBC Countryfile programme had an article about trail replication of this process by spreading the waste products of the aggregate industry (ground up basalt) onto farmland. The greatly increased active surface of such basalt powder not only reacts quite quickly (ie at human timescales) not only fixing the carbon but also releasing new nutrients to the soil, thereby reducing fertiliser demand. It is too early to tell just how good this since trials have been going on for little more than a year but apparantly early results are 'encouraging'. ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Then I see that someone has done something about waste plastic from laboratories, formerly just burned (5.5 million tonnes in the annually), to make recycling possible. Well done Helen. Nice to see up and coming graduates succeeding like this.