beecee

The JWST will observe the universe in infra red. https://www.inverse.com/science/jwst-milky-way-black-hole https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-webb-will-join-forces-with-the-event-horizon-telescope-to-reveal-the-milky-way-s

http://static.projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/os_files_xxlarge/public/eht/files/m87_lo_april11_polarimetric_average_image_ml_deband-cc-8bit-srgb.jpg?m=1616347517&itok=q_uJvV6S Taked by the EHT. (Event Horizon Telescope)

Same old same old. 🥱 and silly.(1) no attempt yet to answer the OP question, (2) no links supporting the evolution of space travelling octopuses, (3) Ignoring the links given showing why space travelling octopuses will never be. 🤮 So unscientific.

Which octopus are you dimreeper?

This article, may add more to this debate...... https://www.sciencealert.com/the-exquisite-beauty-of-nature-reveals-a-world-of-math (If of course this is the case, it re-enforces even more, the actions of scientists like Carl Sagan, in attempting mathematical communications with plaques on the Pioneer and Voyager probes)

https://www.sciencealert.com/the-tiny-dots-in-this-image-aren-t-stars-or-galaxies-they-re-black-holes The Tiny Dots in This Image Aren't Stars or Galaxies. They're Black Holes MICHELLE STARR 2 JANUARY 2022 The image above may look like a fairly normal picture of the night sky, but what you're looking at is a lot more special than just glittering stars. Each of those white dots is an active supermassive black hole. And each of those black holes is devouring material at the heart of a galaxy millions of light-years away – that's how they could be pinpointed at all. more at link..... <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Awesome!!

Commiserations: Another great bites the dust. While not totally into his field, I always remember the dedication and perceptions of his Dad, and the dedicated students that he had, ( particularly from the movie "Gorilla's in the Mist") like Dianne Fossey and Jane Goodall. Dedicated scientists such as Richard, his Dad, and Dianne and Jane, are great examples of science, that many are not that familiar with.

(1) The cosmological redshift (2) The CMBR at 2.7K Since Hubble observations have shown us that all galaxies are moving away from us...with the exception of those reasonably close by where gravity takes over. It would also help if you read properly all the answers you have been given, particularly the one above by Marcus, instead of simply ratttling off your misconceptions re tired light. https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/t/Tired+Light Tired Light "Proposed to account for the observed redshift of distant galaxies, the ‘tired light’ model suggests that electromagnetic radiation (light) loses energy during its passage from distant objects. There is currently no observational evidence to suggest that the energy of photons can be reduced in this way, as a change in energy would also mean a change in momentum resulting in the ‘blurring’ of distant objects. The tired light model also lacks support in the astronomical community as it does not predict the observed time dilation seen in high-redshift supernova light curves. The currently accepted explanation of the redshifted distant galaxies and time dilated light curves, is that the Universe is expanding and we are observing a cosmological redshift due to this expansion." ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Isn't it often said that mathematics is the language of physics?

😏🥱Whatever floats your little boat matey. https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-could-octopuses-evolve-until-they-take-over-the-world-and-travel-to-space-156493 extracts: Michael, aged 14, asks: "If the faster part of human evolution is over, and squids and octopuses continue to evolve, could there be an apocalypse where the cephalopods take over the world?" ANSWER: EXTRACTS: "They use tools to solve problems (like us) and they can open child-proof containers (not always like us). And just last week, research found a cuttlefish (another cephalopod, cousins of octopuses) passed an intelligence test designed for toddlers that showed they have advanced self control. Like us, octopus have large brains compared to their body size: It is, however, hard to compare brain size between marine animals and land animals, because the laws of physics differ in water and air. Animals are weightless in water but on land body shape and size is limited by gravity. An octopus brain is made up of about 500 million brain cells. Humans, on the other hand, have 86 billion brain cells. Unlike us though, octopuses don’t live for very long. The giant Pacific octopus might live up to five years, but most live for just a year and some as little as six months. Compared to other species, octopuses actually evolve really, really slowly. Modern humans, by comparison, have only existed for 200,000 years and in that time, have taken over the planet (and badly damaged it in the process). But lets face it. Despite all their tricks, octopuses are still working from a snail blueprint, and there’s only so much you can do with that toolbox. They are also highly constrained by their very short life-span. In short, octopuses are very intelligent animals and one of the smartest creatures in the ocean. But their short life span and vulnerabilities on land are serious handicaps when it comes to taking over the world. (Or to undertake space travel) ps: Last highlighted bracketed sentence by me. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Now dimreeper while I have jumped through your hoops in a vane effort to reveal some facts to you, you are still avoiding, (and pretending no one is noticing) the question/s in the OP. Quite telling...and sad. 🙄 Until you are prepared to act adult like and answer the OP question, your fun and games are over. (Apologies if you see the convenient need to misconstrue anything I have said as insults) but really, your claim is silly, along with of course your refusal to answer the OP question. 😉 https://thedebrief.org/will-hyperintelligent-octopuses-take-over-the-world/ Even with the large brains, octopuses suffer from shorter life spans, so they may not be exiting the oceans and enslaving humanity soon. (or undertake space travel) ps: dimreeper A reputable link will also be reviewed. I don't believe you have really given any yet, along with of course your silly refusal in answering the OP question/s. 🙄 Please, make my day!😜 Some Interesting answers here on this subject of octopuses (as distinct from octopi) https://www.quora.com/Could-octopi-take-over-the-world Octopus are predators, current thinking states that predators evolve to have more intelligence than prey, therefore we can for now assume that Octopus are in the race to armament as any other predator is ( e.g. Humans). For more references see Cephalopod intelligence - Wikipedia. They are one of the many competitors to replace human kind as the top predator on earth, however there is a technological barrier, under water they cannot forge metals and that would stunt their ability to become major players in the technological arena above the sea since primates and quite a few birds are already tool users. So to sum up a very lengthy answer, no, there are better candidates right now. Why do you think that a species of the class of octopodes take over the world. They had 500,000,000 years the time to do so, but rejoyed living in the oceans. https://www.quora.com/If-octopi-were-social-could-they-be-the-humans-of-the-ocean-If-not-what-other-limits-are-there-on-the-octopus Octopuses are quite intelligent but they are pretty much the opposite of social - if two octopuses meet the most likely outcome is that one will eat the other. If they were social they would still have some major hurdles to overcome: They have a very short lifespan which limits the amount of experiences to which they have access thus limiting their accumulation of knowledge. There is no parental care after hatching - thus no ‘passing along’ of knowledge between generations. They fail one of the classic tests for self awareness - if an octopus sees itself in a mirror it doesn’t recognize the image as one of itself. They have no apparent capability for abstract language. They don’t have access to fire. https://www.quora.com/Could-octopuses-ever-evolve-into-a-sapient-species-Why-or-why-not No, octopuses are unlikely to evolve into a sapient species … but the reason why is sort of sad. Octopuses are indeed highly intelligent creatures, but they suffer a drawback in their evolution that is so severe that they lack the ability to develop their intelligence past a single generation … they have extremely short lives. An octopus has one purpose in life … babies. A father will die weeks after mating. A mother octopus will starve herself to death rather than leave her brood alone even for a second … and this is actually the most common form of death for an octopus. This means that as the mother dies then the offspring are born, meaning they never transmit their knowledge to the next generation. The reality is that octopuses simply do not live long enough, nor have time to pass on their knowledge. Unless they evolve longer lives then they are stuck where they are in terms of intelligence. https://www.quora.com/Could-octopuses-ever-evolve-into-a-sapient-species-Why-or-why-not short answer: So… No, for reasons other than mentioned by others. Octopodes will not ‘evolve’ into more intelligent beings, whether sentient, or sapient is your chosen definition - at least not by the means of natural selection. They are choosing to be and patterning their selection with every generation to be more intelligent. For all the reasons others say they cannot be more intelligent: short life span, they should be more worrisome as far as intelligence goes. In taking a hand in their own fate, unlike us who are are left to evolutionary chance, cephelopods are using many generations to advance step by step deliberately. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The Waltz King with another of his beautiful Sopranos Carla Maffioletti Die Juliska Aus Budapest

In Australia we call it "tall poppy syndrome" most often used by scallywags with an agenda, and attempting to chop down the tallest poppy (top scientist) 🥱

You do understand that GR was formulated in 1916 and validated in 1919, and that in the intervening 100 years, much more has been discovered and validated re the predictions of GR, that even Einstein wasn't aware of or rejected, (in the case of BH's) The other great prediction of course being gravitational waves. No that is false and you are indulging in porky pies and ignorance of current cosmology, amid the obvious confusion you display. The expansion was evidenced by the cosmological redshift. This differs from your invalidated tired light nonsense. Plus of course the expansion goes hand in glove with the BB, as well as GR in general. Those are scientific theories that have stood up to real professioanl scrutiny (unlike your Mickey Mouse objections) over a period of a 100 years. Your other gross error of course is your use of the word "proof" Scientific theories are not proof, but the current best explanations at any particular time, but obviously, do grow in certainty over time. Science accepts that there is much we don't know, rather then erecting the often "god of the gaps"mythical stories. Seems like our friend in his frustration, is handing out his down votes! 🤣

He has already had that explained to him by a couple of others Marcus. 🙄 No, sorry, again wrong. DE is the entitiy/unknown reason to explain the acceleration in the expansion rate.

Wrong again!! Eisnteins equations predicted a dynamic universe. But the beliefs of the day were that the universe was static. Einstein added the CC to maintain that static.This was, as Einstein claimed, his biggest blunder, when Hubble discovered the cosmological redshift...he failed to believe the predictions of his own theory.

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-universe-s-first-type-of-molecule-is-found-at-last The first type of molecule that ever formed in the universe has been detected in space for the first time, after decades of searching. Scientists discovered its signature in our own galaxy using the world’s largest airborne observatory, NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, as the aircraft flew high above the Earth’s surface and pointed its sensitive instruments out into the cosmos. When the universe was still very young, only a few kinds of atoms existed. Scientists believe that around 100,000 years after the big bang, helium and hydrogen combined to make a molecule called helium hydride for the first time. Helium hydride should be present in some parts of the modern universe, but it has never been detected in space — until now. SOFIA found modern helium hydride in a planetary nebula, a remnant of what was once a Sun-like star. Located 3,000 light-years away near the constellation Cygnus, this planetary nebula, called NGC 7027, has conditions that allow this mystery molecule to form. The discovery serves as proof that helium hydride can, in fact, exist in space. This confirms a key part of our basic understanding of the chemistry of the early universe and how it evolved over billions of years into the complex chemistry of today. The results are published in this week’s issue of Nature. more at link................. the paper: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1904/1904.09581.pdf First astrophysical detection of the helium hydride ion (HeH+ ) During the dawn of chemistry1,2 when the temperature of the young Universe had fallen below ~4000 K, the ions of the light elements produced in Big Bang nucleosynthesis recombined in reverse order of their ionization potential. With its higher ionization potentials, He++ (54.5 eV) and He+ (24.6 eV) combined first with free electrons to form the first neutral atom, prior to the recombination of hydrogen (13.6 eV). At that time, in this metal-free and low-density environment, neutral helium atoms formed the Universe’s first molecular bond in the helium hydride ion HeH+ , by radiative association with protons (He + H+ → HeH+ + hν). As recombination progressed, the destruction of HeH+ (HeH+ + H → He + H2 + ) created a first path to the formation of molecular hydrogen, marking the beginning of the Molecular Age. Despite its unquestioned importance for the evolution of the early Universe, the HeH+ molecule has so far escaped unequivocal detection in interstellar space. In the laboratory the ion was discovered as long ago as 19253 , but only in the late seventies was the possibility that HeH+ might exist in local astrophysical plasmas discussed4,5,6,7. In particular, the conditions in planetary nebulae were shown to be suitable for the production of potentially detectable HeH+ column densities: the hard radiation field from the central hot white dwarf creates overlapping Strömgren spheres, where HeH+ is predicted to form, primarily by radiative association of He+ and H. With the GREAT spectrometer8.9 on board SOFIA10 the HeH+ rotational ground-state transition at λ149.1 µm is now accessible. We report here its detection towards the planetary nebula NGC7027. The mere fact of its proven existence in nearby interstellar space constrains our understanding of the chemical networks controlling the formation of this very special molecular ion.

It has already been explained to you that other aspects of cosmology like universal expansion over large scales, gravity, etc are all overwhelmingly supported scientific theories. Yet we do not understand the mechanism that drives them. Are you denying gravity exists because we are unable to ascribe a mechanism? Or are you ladened down with so much baggage and agenda, that you are sticking your fingers in your ears. That's what some call trolling. Evidence for the BB: (1)The observed expansion. (2) The relic left over heat known as the CMBR (3) The abundence of the lighter elements (4) Galactic distribution.

Hmmmm, it actually appeared to me that you were the one getting angry, using the f word, and other more general insults, when your errors and mistakes were pointed out. Space expansion is overwhelmingly supported by the evidence, such as cosmological redshift, and the CMBR at 2.7K or left over relic heat from a hotter, denser universe. The mechanism behind the expansion is though not known. Do you accept that gravity exists? Scientists also do not really know about the reason why gravity is felt when mass warps spacetime. Your own reasons (scattering) was invalidated. Other mistakes you made point to the real fact that you do not know enough about current present day cosmology to ever attempt to over turn it.

While recognising that octopuses would never evolve to be space travellers as they are seriously curtailed by their evolutionary processes, as are other examples of life on Earth, (https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-could-octopuses-evolve-until-they-take-over-the-world-and-travel-to-space-156493) (in essence this silly claim is invalidated by the fact that they would have to evolve as to be not recognisable as cephalopods.) there are two other choices that have been mentioned re Aliens and their origins, that we can now move on to....other dimension/s, and a simulation/s. What I envisage with regards to other dimensions, is another universe, and the possibility that the BB was not a one off scenario. The thing is that if these parallel universes did exist, would they be condusive to life, (as we know it) as per the universe we inhabit? All it requires is for the nuclear forces to be slightly different and even stars would be beyond forming, or if gravity were slightly different. There are also other aspects that make our universe condusive to life. And if on the off chance they were condusive to life, how could they, in a separate spacetime/universe, appear in our space/time/universe? Of course if our universe was not finely tuned for life, we probably would not be here discussing it. The old "Anthropic" principle! That leaves the "simulation choice. Uggg! Don't like it at all, but then again, it seems some reputable physicists say it is possible. I know sfa about it anyway so someone else can give reasons as to why it maybe a valid choice. I also did not like the movie "Matrix" although Keanu Reeves is a great actor. So I'll still at this time stick to inter-stellar travellers as the most likley origins of any Aliens that may have visited Earth, at this or any other time. ps: Hey Moontanman, we need you back and your input!!

As usual, you have let yourself down.

You seem rather agressive. Is this anything to do with your other nonsense being closed? As MigL has said, We mainly use Newtonian to obtain "correct "results in most space endeavours, because the answers/calcs fall within acceptable zones of precision. The far more precise and far more complicated equations of GR are just not needed in these circumstances. Can you grasp that? Calm down! Let me try and explain. Newtonian gives acceptable results in most Earthly calculations and also most space endeavours undertaken througout the solar system. But it does have its recognised zone of applicability, as most theories do. Outside that zone, ( as in the perhelion shift of Mercury) we need and use GR, which if we needed to, we could also use instead of Newtonian. The ease though of Newtonian and the acceptable precision see it as sufficient. Einstein's GR describes or models gravity in a different manner to Newtonian, and more accurately, but gives us the same answer as the less precise Newtonian. Please research what a scientific theory/model is, and the how both Newtonian and GR are essentially correct. Remember what I have attempted to explain to you elswhere...first know thourghly that which you are attempting to invalidate before displaying your ignorance on that model..

Or super cosmological catastrophe?

All I would think play a part. But the fact that Earth has a "use by date" makes it desirable, if not inevitable that we will keep on trying. Our intelligence enables us to conquer that which we are not immediatly adapted to, and our competitive, adventurous spirit also play a big part. eg: climbing Mnt Everest. Our intelligence has enabled us to become the dominent species on Earth, (along I suppose with some cosmological luck with the extinction of the Dinosaurs) but at the same time when taken in context with the universe around us we are insignificant, as is Earth....see Carl Sagan's, "Play Blue Dot" I certainly hope that my optimism, (as previously detailed) comes to fruition, both with our own species as we mature and gain more knowledge, and of course with any potential adanced Alien species.

Your problem as I have mentioned is your ignorance of mainstream cosmology. This was amply illustrated in the thread on DM here and answered.... Which strangely enough you failed to acknowledge. While we have plenty of evidence of the BB and subsequent space exoansion, cosmologists still do not know why it expands...or why curved spacetime is felt as gravity. But that doesn't detract from the evidence supporting these observations. I suspect with your general anti mainstream unsupported nonsense, that you have an agenda afoot. I can pretty well acurately suggest what that agenda would be.

As I suggested in an earlier post, before you try and re-write over a 100 years of cosmology, you need to actually know what that cosmology is. The evidence for universal expansion over large scales is as follows...(1) cosmological redshift, as determined from Doppler and gravitational redshift. (2) The CMBR at 2.7K as discovered by Penzias and Wilson. (3) The very distant galaxies we observe are still in the process of formation, with much active star regions, as would be expected.